Zhu Yuanzhang looked at Han Cheng and asked who poisoned his son.

With some trembling voices, there is endless killing intent!!

After experiencing the affairs of Zhu Xiongying and Zhu Biao, although he was extremely uncomfortable, he was gradually able to accept that his children and grandchildren would walk in front of him due to illness and let his white-haired people send black-haired people.

After all, there is really no solution to getting sick.

However, he absolutely couldn't accept that his son Zhu Yuanzhang was poisoned to death!!

This is his son of Zhu Yuanzhang!

It's the prince of the Ming Dynasty!

It was he who personally canonized the prince, guarding the border, holding heavy troops, guarding the rivers and mountains of Daming, suppressing foreign races, and not losing an inch of Daming's territory!

As a result, he was poisoned and poisoned to death!

He can't accept this death!

I really can't accept it!

He, Zhu Yuanzhang, can accept that his son died of illness and died in battle, but he can't accept being poisoned to death!

"Han Cheng, tell us, who poisoned our son!

Let's punish the Nine Clans!! ”

Zhu Yuanzhang almost gritted his teeth and said the three words of the Nine Clans.

With an infinite chill.

Zhu Biao on the side was also red-eyed, waiting for Han Cheng to say the answer.

At this time, Zhu Biao, where is there still half a point of benevolence?

He has always cherished family affection, but where did he think that his second brother would end up being poisoned.

According to Han Cheng, the second child did a lot of bastard things in the fiefdom, but when it came to fighting, he was really able to fight.

If he hadn't guarded over there, and really let the alien races over there rebel and invade the Ming Dynasty, the people over there would have to suffer more than ten times and a hundred times more than the second brother had put on their heads, and it would be even more miserable!

Even if he takes 10,000 steps back, the second child is also his own brother, the prince of Da Ming with heavy troops!

Anyone who dares to do so will die!!

Facing Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Biao, the almost crazy gaze of ordinary people has long been unable to bear it.

Even if you don't know who the specific person is, you have to make it up, and you will never dare to shake your head and veto.

But Han Cheng dared.

Facing the killing intent of the two of them, Han Cheng shook his head and said, "I don't know who poisoned it, but it is recorded that it is three old women."

Some records say that the three old women were the palace maids in the palace of the king of Qin. ”

The palace maid in King Qin's mansion?!

Zhu Yuanzhang's eyes were like knives in an instant!

I was ready to give an order right now to have all the palace maids in King Qin's mansion executed!

But after such an order came to his lips, Zhu Yuanzhang couldn't say it anymore.

Because he knows that it doesn't work.

At this time, all those palace maids were solved, and then the palace maids still needed to be recruited in the Qin Palace, which would not solve the problem at all.

Now it seems that the root of the problem is still on the second child!

The second child is straight, lacks roots and tendons, and if there are good people around him, he will naturally learn well, and if he follows the bad guys, he will go to the bad place.

He doesn't have many ideas of his own, and he can easily be influenced by others.

The phrase "red is red, and black is black" is talking about people like the second child.

Judging from what Han Cheng revealed before, and what the second child did later, if some of the second child's problems are not changed, even if he kills more palace maids by himself, he will still embark on this road in the future, and he will not die well.

"Mother!!"

Zhu Yuanzhang held back a sentence of scolding for a long time.

"Lao Tzu often says that you should be polite to the people around you, especially those who are responsible for your food, clothing, housing and transportation!

In that Spring and Autumn period, there was not a general who killed sheep and rewarded the soldiers, but did not give meat to those who drove chariots for themselves.

Then, during the battle, the chariot driver drove directly into the enemy line, and was captured alive?

Not to mention the Spring and Autumn Period, is there such an example in the Three Kingdoms Period?

If Zhang Fei hadn't liked to whip the soldiers after drinking, and let these people continue to guard him after the beating, what would he end up like that in the end?

In addition to these, we also teach by word and deed on weekdays, don't do that, and be polite to the people around us.

Not to mention the rest, you should always see how I treat Xu Xingzu, right?

As a result, this fool learned this from Lao Tzu?! ”

In the side hall, Zhu Yuanzhang's roar of hatred for iron and steel sounded.

"So stupid! If you don't listen to the teachings, you deserve to be drugged!! ”

Zhu Yuanzhang scolded loudly.

If he hadn't just smoked Zhu Yunwen, he would have wanted to go to the second king of Qin at this time to teach him a good lesson, so that he would have a long memory!

Zhu Yuanzhang stood and took a deep breath for a while, before he finally let his breath stabilize a lot.

Swallowing a mouthful of saliva, he looked at Han Cheng and said, "Then, what about the third child?" What's going on with the third child? ”

An iron-blooded emperor like Zhu Yuanzhang, when he asked this question at this time, he couldn't open his mouth.

I am also worried that the third child, like the second child, was poisoned by someone.

After all, the third child has a criminal record.

When the third child went to the fiefdom, he was worried that he would not be safe when he got there, so he sent Xu Xingzu over to cook for him.

As a result, it didn't take long for the conflict that broke out between the third child and Xu Xingzu and beat Xu Xingzu.

At the beginning, he also punished the third child for this matter, and recalled Xu Xingzu back to his side, which was more relieved.

In this case, it is very likely that he will encounter the same situation as the second child.

"King Zhu Li of Jin was not poisoned and died, since there was something about King Qin, the people behind him are careful and careful.

It is recorded in the history books that the king of Jin died of illness. ”

Han Cheng told what he knew.

Hearing Han Cheng say this, Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Biao couldn't help but breathe a sigh of relief.

Although they both died, there is a big gap between dying of illness and being drugged, and the meaning they represent is very different.

"That'...... Do you know what disease he had and died? ”

Zhu Yuanzhang looked at Han Cheng and asked.

After thinking hard for a while, Han Cheng shook his head and said, "I don't know, there is no record in the history books, only that he died of illness."

Your Majesty, you have learned of the death of King Jin and wept bitterly. ”

Among Zhu Yuanzhang's many sons, he attaches the most importance to it, and his favorite is naturally the crown prince Zhu Biao, followed by the previous sons.

The three sons of two, three, and four are really strong and really good.

Among the three sons, Zhu Yuanzhang is the third one who cares the most.

The third king of his family can be described as both civil and military.

It's really brilliant to do things, and you can take on big responsibilities.

Because of this, after learning the news that the third child also died of illness, Zhu Yuanzhang felt really uncomfortable.

Passed away due to illness! Another one who died of illness!

Why do so many people die of illness?!!

Zhu Yuanzhang only felt extremely depressed in his heart for a while, and he had the urge to look up to the sky and roar.

It was also at this time that in his mind, the thing that Han Cheng said about vigorously promoting the development of medicine once again surfaced in his mind.

It's really necessary to do this!

And also to put it on the agenda as quickly as possible to promote its development.

In this way, it is related to the vigorous development of medicine, and Longjiang Bao Shipyard, which has obtained a large amount of start-up capital, is very important!

Medicine must be vigorously developed, not developed!!

Not to mention anything else, it's just my own family that died of illness is distressing!

If there were doctors with superb medical skills, I was afraid of my family, and there would not be so many people who died of illness!

Moreover, if the third child is still there, the fourth child wants to raise troops and finally achieve such an achievement, but I am afraid it will not be so simple.

The third brother, who is still very strong.

The age difference between the three and the fourth is not much, and they like to compete and fight all kinds of battles since they were children.

Judging from the results of their many fights, basically the third child can stabilize the fourth one.

This continued after they became vassals.

If the third child does not die early, it is really not easy for the fourth child to enter Nanjing City!

However, after such a thought rose in his heart, he soon remembered Zhu Yunwen's grandson's various operations.

If the third child hadn't died early, I'm afraid that this guy would be the first to target the third child.

According to the temperament and strength of the third child, there is a chance that nine times out of ten he will not endure this breath, and will make the same choice as the fourth child!

Even the third and fourth children joined forces to fight against Zhu Yunwen's turtle grandson is more likely.

After all, as soon as the turtle sun got started, he directly pointed the finger at all the vassal kings.

Don't look at the fight between the third and fourth children on weekdays, that's between their brothers.

It really involves their common interests, and in the face of a common enemy, the possibility of the two joining forces is extremely great.

As for who will be the emperor after conquering the world, that is what needs to be solved later......

As soon as he thought of this, Zhu Yuanzhang felt very tired.

I want to smoke Zhu Yunwen's turtle grandson again!

I've never seen anything so stupid!

"Then tell me how the fourth child broke Nanjing and replaced Zhu Yunwen to get the throne.

Even if there are no generals like Lan Yu, then with the rich family background we left for Yun Wei's turtle grandson, we can't let the fourth child rely on Yan Shanwei to fight against the whole world.

was also broken by the fourth brother and lost the throne! ”

Zhu Yuanzhang, who was in a calmer mood, looked at Han Cheng and began to ask again.

This is also the biggest doubt in his mind at present.

Even if Zhu Yunwen's turtle grandson is not angry, he is not a man, all kinds of stupid and deadly operations, one after another, and all kinds of self-abandoning martial arts.

But with the strong family background he left him, as well as his various arrangements for the Jingshi side for decades, the fourth child relied on Yan Shanwei to seize the world, and it was impossible to win the Jingshi.

Before this, there had never been a precedent for a successful rebellion by a vassal king!

All the vassal kings who tried to rebel did not end well!

As a result, it came to the fourth child, but it was set a precedent?

Moreover, judging from Han Cheng's previous story, Yun Wei's turtle grandson took the lead and had an advantage at the beginning.

As soon as he came up, he transferred all the guards and pro-troops of the fourth child, and replaced the political envoys and commanders of Beiping with his own people, and also let Song Zhongtun's troops open the peace.

It's all like this, and the fourth child hasn't rebelled yet, which means that the fourth child was really not prepared to rebel at the beginning.

is also for this reason, as soon as Zhu Yunwen's turtle grandson got started, he made a huge start, and the advantage was not too big.

No matter how you look at the fourth child, you can't turn it back, but the final result is that Yun Wei's turtle grandson got rid of it......

Han Chengcheng knew that once he talked about the fact that Zhu Di was Emperor Yongle, he would pull out the radish and bring out the mud, which would not be able to finish for a while.

So after Princess Ningguo left, Han Chengcheng asked people to make a pot of tea and put it aside.

He poured a cup of tea, took two sips, moistened his throat and then spoke: "Yan Wang Zhu Di looks very brave and a fierce general, but in fact, he is not stupid at all, not only can he fight, but his brain is also flexible.

Zhu Yunwen's work is also very rough.

started with such a ridiculous reason, took down the king of Zhou, Zhu Hu, and then took down the other three kings, and made all kinds of arrangements here in Beiping to quickly weaken the king of Yan.

How could King Yan not know what Zhu Yunwen wanted to do?

In order to reassure Zhu Yunwen and show that he had no intention of fighting for authority, he chose to pretend to be sick.

At this time, a commotion from Zhu Yunwen's side came.

Because His Majesty was dying, he left an order not to let the vassal kings from all over the country return to Beijing to mourn.

In order to fear that the vassal kings of various places would take advantage of the time of mourning to launch a coup d'état and seize the throne of Zhu Yunwen.

It is also to prevent that Zhu Yunwen will take this opportunity to make a move against the vassal king who entered Beijing.

There is a situation where relatives become enemies and fight each other.

The other is that he is worried that the vassal kings from all over the country will return to the capital at this time, and there will be some people of different races or hearts who will take advantage of this special time in the Ming Dynasty to do things......"

Zhu Yuanzhang nodded, he still agreed very much with what Han Cheng said.

He felt that in such a situation, he would definitely give such an order.

"The vassal kings, because of Your Majesty's order, naturally have no way to return to Beijing, so they sent their sons back to Beijing to attend Your Majesty's funeral.

So at this time, the three sons of King Yan were all in Jingshi and never came back......"

Even Zhu Yuanzhang, through Han Chengzhi's mouth, already knew that he had died in the thirty-first year of Hongwu.

But now that he is still alive, listening to Han Cheng here, talking about attending his funeral one by one, doing his own funeral, and so on, the corners of his mouth can't help but twitch.

I always feel that this sounds so awkward.

Han Cheng didn't feel anything wrong, and continued here: "So at that time, someone proposed that the three sons of King Yan should not be allowed to go back, and they would be detained in Jingshi all the time.

In this way, in the future, if you really start to officially start to do it against Yan Wang, then it will be a big threat to Yan Wang.

can make him throw a rat bogey, and dare not act rashly.

But as a result, after some careful consideration and weighing, Emperor Jianwen finally decided to return his three sons when King Yan was sick.

The reason why he did this was because he felt that he could use such means to carry out a certain amount of tenderness to King Yan, appease King Yan, and paralyze King Yan.

Let King Yan feel that on his side, the cutting of the feudal domain will not cut the head of King Yan......"

"What an idiot! Why are you so wise?! ”

Zhu Yuanzhang couldn't help but scolded angrily when he heard this, and he was so angry that he almost jumped to his feet.

You've done so many things before, and you've already put the bright knife on the neck of the fourth child, why don't you hurry up at this time, what else are you going to do there?

Will the fourth child believe in these tricks of yours?

Originally, when he heard Han Cheng talk about Chongzhen's various operations, Zhu Yuanzhang felt that Chongzhen was stupid and stupid like a pig, and his brain was filled with pig brains.

Now compared with Zhu Yunwen's turtle grandson, I find that this turtle grandson is no better, all the way!

The key is that no one in Chongzhen has taught him how to be an emperor, and Zhu Yunwen, the turtle grandson, has been teaching him hand-in-hand for several years.

As a result, this is the whole operation.

Far inferior to Chongzhen!!

After scolding, he turned his head to look at Zhu Biao and said, "Biao'er, look at what you have done!"

Why can't such mud support the wall?

Let such a thing be the emperor of my Ming Dynasty, we are really blind! ”

Zhu Biao was also blinded by Zhu Yunwen's operations and flashed to his waist.

At this time, he was scolded by his father like this, and he didn't even have the ability to talk back.

I'm not stupid, but why is the son I gave birth to so stupid?

Typical tiger father and dog!!

"If I knew this, I should have thrown him into the urinal and drowned him when he was born!"

Zhu Biaoqi bites his back molars.

If it weren't for the fact that he had beaten Zhu Yunwen not long ago, Zhu Biao would have wanted to beat Zhu Yunwen again at this time!

"However, after sending the third son of King Yan back, Emperor Jianwen also made small moves against King Yan, using various methods to weaken King Yan's power as much as possible.

For example, if you catch a little mistake, you will directly execute King Yan's subordinates.

King Yan couldn't plead in person.

By this time, King Yan had already decided that he couldn't sit still any longer.

Prepare to rebel.

But at this time, he can't be brutal, and he also needs time to prepare.

But judging from the situation at that time, Emperor Jianwen obviously didn't want to give him this time.

So King Yan began to plan his plans, taking advantage of the fact that his subordinates were forcibly killed, pretending to be greatly stimulated, and began to pretend to be crazy and stupid.

For example, shouting on the street, and asking Hanako to grab food, drill into the pigsty, wear a winter coat in summer, wrap a quilt around the stove to roast the fire, and talk about the cold......

With his superb acting skills, he has successfully deceived many people.

At that time, the two commanders of Beiping, who were ordered to confirm whether King Yan was really crazy, were deceived by King Yan's superb acting skills.

Therefore, the imperial court slowed down the step by step of King Yan.

However, the court is still a little uneasy.

So later, he was arrested, and the envoy of King Yan, who went to Beijing to do business, was tortured to extract a confession.

Then he asked about some anomalies of King Yan, and confirmed that King Yan was pretending to be crazy.

So Emperor Jianwen began to issue a secret decree to the people arranged here in Beiping, ordering Zhang Yu Xie Gui to arrest the subordinate officials of King Yan's mansion and Zhang Xin to arrest King Yan.

However, after the commander Zhang Xin went back, after some discussion with his mother, he decided to inform King Yan of this matter.

When King Yan learned of this, he immediately decided to raise troops in advance.

Ordered Zhang Yu and Zhu Neng to enter the Yanwang Mansion in advance with eight hundred warriors for an ambush......

Zhang Yu and Xie Gui led troops to surround the Yan Wang's Mansion, and the Yan King pretended to tie up many officials under his command, and invited these two to enter to inspect and test.

Because the princes who were cut down in front of them were very honest, and King Yan behaved very deferencing from the beginning, and at this time, the two of them didn't believe that King Yan would really rebel.

So he went in and checked it.

Then the soldiers and horses arranged by King Yan were directly taken down, and they took advantage of the situation to counterattack.

The soldiers pointed directly at Beiping City.

That night, he laid down the nine gates of Beiping overnight and controlled the entire Beiping City.

Subsequently, Tongzhou took the initiative to annex, broke Jizhou, took Juyong Pass, and then broke Huailai, captured Song Zhong and others......

It took less than a month before and after, and King Yan pocketed many places near Beiping.

King Gu was worried that Zhu Di would do something to him, so he fled from Xuanfu and went to Jingshi.

His Majesty was worried that the powerful ministers would usurp power and seek the country, so the Emperor Ming Zu Xun left behind said that the vassal kings in various places had the power to send troops to crusade against traitorous ministers and clear the monarch's side.

Therefore, King Yan used the slogan of Qingjun's side and Yasukuni to send troops, and pointed his sword at Huang Zicheng and Qi Tai. ”

After listening to Han Cheng's story, Zhu Yuanzhang not only felt that Zhu Yunwen and others were pig brains, but also marveled at the skill of the fourth child.

For these amazing results achieved by the fourth child, there are actually not too many surprises.

Before the fourth child reached adulthood, he was thrown into the army by himself for training, and his ability was really exercised.

What's more, his father-in-law is Xu Da Xu Tiande!

There is the fourth daughter-in-law, the eldest daughter of Tiande, as a virtuous helper, once at the beginning, he can't contain the fourth child and let him come back, then it is not easy to contain him.

At least in the area of Beiping, it is not easy to deal with him.

These people have lost the best chance to contain the fourth.

Hearing Han Cheng's slogan about the Qing monarch's side, the Yasukuni disaster, and the so-called Emperor Ming Zuxun, he had no objection to this.

Because of this matter, he has already begun to ponder.

"This thing is a little wrong, since we have left such ancestral teachings from the vassal kings, we will definitely leave corresponding checks and balances, and we will definitely not let them stay in the capital for a long time, nor will we let them change the emperor!"

Zhu Yuanzhang voiced his doubts.

Zhu Yuanzhang knows himself very well, although he has not yet come up with good checks and balances, it does not mean that he will let the vassal kings come under the banner of the Qing monarch.

Han Cheng nodded and said, "Your Majesty is right, you did leave the corresponding checks and balances.

For example, only if the emperor summons the vassal king first, the vassal king can raise troops on the side of the Qing monarch, for example, after successfully clearing the king's side, the vassal king must leave Beijing within five days. ”

"So, the fourth child only listened to half of our ancestral teachings, and the other half was directly thrown away as a butt wipe?"

Zhu Yuanzhang said in a somewhat unkind voice, and his chest began to rise and fall again.

At this moment, he not only wanted to smoke Zhu Yunwen, but also wanted to smoke Zhu Di.

This uncle and nephew are really good!

One pretends to be in front of himself, all kinds of obedience, and when he takes his breath, he immediately puts his promise to himself as a fart.

The other one, only pick up the ancestral teachings that are beneficial to him, and the disadvantage is not to mention a word!

Han Cheng had said to himself before that his ancestral teachings had been drilled into a sieve in later generations, especially those civil servants, who liked to make a fuss about their ancestral teachings the most.

It was used to restrain the emperor, and what was unfavorable to them was either not mentioned or distorted.

I was not angry at the time, I just thought that those civil servants deserved to die, but now it seems that it is not the case at all!

It turned out that as soon as he took a breath, his ancestral teachings and testaments had already been broken by his filial sons and grandchildren!

Good!

Okay, yes!!

Zhu Yuanzhang's nose was a little crooked.

Sure enough, as soon as this person died, others took their words seriously!

……

When the news reached Jingshi, the government and the opposition were shaken.

Qi Tai and others were worried that King Ning, King Liao and King Yan would send troops together, so they suggested that Emperor Jianwen recall them all to the capital.

King Ning did not comply, so he cut off King Ning's guards, and King Liao returned to Beijing by sea.

The acting king wanted to raise troops against the king of Yan, but was controlled by the Song Zhong generals who were defeated and retreated to Datong......

Emperor Jianwen cut off the family status of Grandmaster Zhu Di, abolished him as a concubine, and set up the Pingyan Buzheng Department in Zhending.

At that time, King Yan only occupied a corner of Beiping, and compared with the imperial court, it was simply incomparable.

It's like a mantis arm as a car.

Therefore, the imperial court prepared to concentrate superior forces, encircle the Yan army in Beiping, and wipe them out.

With Geng Bingwen, Marquis of Changxing, as the general, and Li Jian, the commander of the horses, as the deputy general......

After a tentative attack, Zhu Di, the king of Yan, seized the opportunity to launch a decisive battle at the Hutuo River (He Ersheng), first breaking through Xiongxian and then defeating the main force of the Southern Army on the north bank of the Hutuo River......

……

When Emperor Jianwen heard that Geng Bingwen was defeated, he was furious and worried, and it was at this time that Huang Zicheng recommended an extremely important and powerful person to replace Geng Bingwen, lead the whole army, and fight against the Yan army. ”

"Who?"

Zhu Yuanzhang couldn't help but ask.

Zhu Biao on the side couldn't help but turn his head to look at Han Cheng.

To be appointed as the commander-in-chief by his son at such a critical juncture, to replace Geng Bingwen to lead the whole army, and to fight against the fourth child, it is definitely not an ordinary person.

Han Cheng also said that it was very important, so this person must be not ordinary.

"Could it be that Feng Sheng and other veterans are still alive?"

Zhu Yuanzhang looked at Han Cheng and asked.

In addition to these veterans who followed him all the way, he didn't know who else could replace Geng Bingwen.

Han Cheng shook his head and said, "No, he is a person who is far more famous than Feng Sheng in the later life." ”

More famous than Feng Sheng?

Can you fight like this?

There are not many people who are more famous than Feng Sheng, there are only two in the same batch, one is Xu Da, the Duke of Wei, and the other is Deng Yu, the Duke of Wei.

It's just that Deng Yu had already quelled the Tubo Rebellion a few years ago and died in triumph, and Xu Da would also die two and a half years later according to Han Cheng's previous statement.

Lan Yu could, but Lan Yu was also killed later.

"That'...... Could it be Mu Ying? ”

Zhu Yuanzhang looked at Han Cheng and asked.

Mu Yingnai is Zhu Yuanzhang's godson, and he really likes this godson.

Mu Ying fought bravely, knew how to advance and retreat, governed the army very strictly, and had the demeanor of a general.

In Zhu Yuanzhang's view, Mu Ying's achievements in the future will definitely not be low, and she is even expected to succeed Tiande!

More importantly, Mu Ying, the child, is loyal to herself.

The fourth brother raised the army, and Mu Ying learned the news that the commander of the army and the fourth brother fought was also very reasonable.

After saying the name Mu Ying, Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Biao both felt that the person Han Cheng said should be Mu Ying!

No matter Mu Ying's age, ability, or status, they are all right!

However, Han Cheng's reaction next surprised the two.

Han Cheng shook his head and vetoed the two of them's firm answer.

"Who the hell is that?"

Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Biao really can't think of anyone who can match what Han Cheng said.

"The son of Li Wenzhong, the Duke of Cao Guo, Li Jinglong."

Han Cheng said this in a faint voice, a very famous person in history.

Li Jinglong?

After learning from Han Cheng who replaced Geng Bingwen and became the general of the imperial court, Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Biao couldn't help but be stunned.

It turned out to be Li Jinglong?!

No matter what the two of them thought before, they never thought that the person Han Cheng was talking about turned out to be Li Jinglong.

"Although Li Jinglong, this kid is good, very talkative, give him something to do, and he can do it very well, and there is no ambiguity in military training and the like.

But really let him control the whole army, and fight against the fourth elder for the commander of the first army, I'm afraid it's a little reluctant, right? ”

Zhu Yuanzhang frowned slightly.

He really admires Li Jinglong, Li Jinglong is not only handsome, but also very good at doing things and talking extraordinary.

But really commanding an army, he still doesn't quite believe in Li Jinglong's ability.

"Your Majesty, don't underestimate Li Jinglong, do you know what Li Jinglong is called in the future life?"

"What is it called?" Zhu Yuanzhang asked subconsciously.

"Daming God of War!"

Han Cheng couldn't help but smile in his heart, and said Li Jinglong's title seriously.

Daming God of War?!!

Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Biao couldn't help but be surprised.

Is Li Jinglong so powerful?

Sure enough, the tiger father has no dogs!

(End of chapter)