144 Third Industrial Revolution
For a physicist, it is only necessary to use his or her mind to understand what room-temperature superconductivity would mean for humanity if it were realized.
At present, in the early 20th century, a series of imperialist countries such as Europe and the United States are still in the final stage of the second industrial revolution.
People have already experienced the significant contribution that electricity can make to improving people's lives and promoting social progress.
However, there are still two major problems that have not been fundamentally solved, which restricts the further development of electric power.
The first is the source of electricity.
Today's power plants basically release heat by burning fossil fuels, mainly coal, and then use the steam generated by heating water to drive the generators to generate electricity.
The second is the energy loss in the process of power transmission, especially the longer the transmission distance, the more energy loss.
As a result, power plants can only be built close to industrial areas, and losses can be reduced as much as possible by shortening distances.
If it is really possible to achieve superconductivity at room temperature at atmospheric pressure, it does not even need room temperature, but only needs to be around the melting point of ice at zero degrees Celsius, or the sublimation point of solid carbon dioxide at 200 Kelvin in the world, and superconductivity at atmospheric pressure can be regarded as half an industrial revolution for mankind.
When it comes to electric transportation, no matter how long the distance, it is no longer a problem.
When it comes to transportation, an electric car on two wheels can run faster than a Formula 1 car.
Moreover, the problem of battery energy storage can also be solved, and it is faster to fully charge an electric car than to fill up a gas truck.
After achieving room-temperature superconductivity, don't engage in any maglev trains, and it is still not very convenient to have track constraints after all.
Directly on the maglev highway, isn't he fragrant?
Chip technology can also advance by leaps and bounds with the realization of superconductivity, and the heat dissipation problem that has been restricting the development of chips is suddenly solved, so the computing power of chips will also be greatly improved.
Maybe the artificial intelligence at that time will be even more amazing than the ChatGPT that looks beautiful at first glance.
As for how to solve the problem of energy shortage caused by superconductivity?
Come on, we have already mastered superconducting technology, so isn't controlled nuclear fusion a matter of time?
It is said that room-temperature superconductivity counts half of the industrial revolution, and controlled nuclear fusion completes the remaining half.
Together, these two technologies have no problem initiating a complete industrial revolution.
Maybe then human society will really be able to run into communism.
When it comes to the Third Industrial Revolution, some say aerospace, some say computers, some say biotechnology, and some say nanotechnology......
But how do these things compare with "superconductivity" and "controlled nuclear fusion"?
In 1986, two physicists in Zurich, Switzerland, Johannes Bednoltz and Carl Miller developed ceramic superconductivity, using the critical temperature of "up to" 33 Kelvin, breaking the long-standing belief that the critical temperature of superconductivity cannot exceed 30 Kelvin.
As a result, the following year, the two of them won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on ceramic superconductivity.
This speed of winning the award is already very fast in the history of the Nobel Prize, which shows how strong the desire of the physics community is for a breakthrough in superconducting technology.
Chen Muwu fooled Yoshio Nishina in Copenhagen and asked him to leave Denmark to study superconductivity at Leiden University in the Netherlands, with the intention of making him distort their technology tree.
But now he feels that his actions may be unintentional.
If Yoshio Nishina had been poisoned by too much exposure to thallium and eventually died young, Chen Muwu might say that this is a great regret for the physics community, and that there will always be heroes who will die on the road to the search for truth.
If the above situation does not happen, Yoshio Nishina will succeed in his studies in Europe and return to China safely.
Then, according to the original trajectory of history, he still became the person in charge of the "Ren Project" for the study of the atomic bomb, so Chen Muwu was confident that he would send a fat man and a little boy to that neighboring country a few years in advance.
But if Yoshio Renshina, after returning to China, did not initiate and participate in the "Ren Project", but was successfully led by Chen Muwu to the "right path" of superconductivity, and spread out in his own country, cultivating batches of disciples and grandchildren, and devoting himself to the cause of superconductivity one after another, I wonder if I can really make some big news in superconductivity research on this timeline.
Although there are a lot of academic fraud problems, compared with the third brother, it is really a small thing.
One of the most striking properties of superconductivity is that the electrical resistance becomes zero.
However, the fact that the resistance has become zero does not mean that the material has entered a superconducting state.
It's a very simple thing, you take a multimeter and set the gear to the one that measures the resistance.
Then let the two meter pens be connected to each other, and the resistance displayed on the multimeter is also zero.
Does this mean that the two pens of the multimeter have also entered the superconducting state at room temperature and pressure?
No!
It just means that you're fucking short-circuiting the multimeter!
I still have a little bit of shame, and after the academic Daji was pointed out to be academic fraud a few years ago, he can go through the process of "apologizing and bowing".
It's really not good, and you can still let your mentor kill yourself and apologize.
However, the third brother's academic fraud has no psychological pressure at all.
Faced with the fact that the experimental phenomenon could not be reproduced, the solution they gave was to sit back and forget to say: ask another third brother to come forward and use the materials provided by the previous third brother to prove that there is no problem with the previous third brother's experiment.
However, the method of preparation of the material will not be disclosed, and the prepared material will not be disclosed.
As for why you made the same material, but you couldn't achieve room-temperature superconductivity?
That's probably because the environment on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean is not suitable for room-temperature superconductivity research, and room-temperature superconductivity can only be done on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean.
What is the matter of this country, I pondered and asked......
For all these reasons, Chen Muwu does not think that he will have any practical effect in promoting to Raman today that "superconductivity is the mainstream of physics in the future".
He just saw this pioneer of Indian physics today, and he couldn't help but want to complain, he didn't expect Raman to be fooled by his success, and he took everything he said to heart, and after returning to India, he immediately set up a low-temperature physics team at the University of Calcutta to carry out scientific research on superconductivity.
After all, India has not gone through the second industrial revolution and has entered the stage of imperialism.
Chen Muwu can't say who is poorer than the people in India now.
But he believes that the education level of the two countries can basically be regarded as half a catty.
Although in terms of higher education, India may be a little stronger, after all, they have produced Raman, Bose and Chandrasekhar during this period.
However, the main problem facing education in both countries is the same, that is, the lack of universal access to basic education.
Without a continuous stream of fresh blood for scientific research, it will never be possible to establish a solid scientific research system.
Although Rahman has always been engaged in promoting the development of education in India, his so-called education only serves the upper castes, and the lower castes are not human beings at all.
Chen Muwu only hopes that after Raman returns to China, he can popularize superconductivity in China a little, and not let his compatriots turn superconductivity into a theology in the future in a hundred years.
In addition, this issue about Indian education is also one thing that Chen Muwu also has to face.
The fact that he built a school in Sweden can be regarded as a way to raise the level of higher education in the private sector to a certain extent.
However, without basic education, no matter how gorgeous the development of higher education is, it is just a castle in the air.
Shouldn't we make another sum of money to send back to China, in Sichuan-Chongqing and Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo respectively, to lay out the layout of basic education in advance?
Raman and Chen Muwu chatted all morning in David Faraday's lab, covering topics such as physics and education.
Except for the inconvenience of communicating because of the accent, the two basically talked happily with each other.
At the end of the conversation, Rahman asked Chen Muwu another question, or a request.
He asked Chen Muwu if he could recommend some Indian students to him in the future, let them study at Cambridge University, and do something under Chen Muwu.
"I have a nephew who is very smart, but I feel that if he stays in India, he will be delayed by the level of education there and his future and development."
It seems that it is all false to introduce students or anything, and introducing this nephew to Cambridge University is the real purpose of Raman's last paragraph.
Wherever he went, he couldn't do without human society, and Raman finally came to England from India once, in addition to attending meetings of the Royal Society and academic exchanges with fellow physics colleagues, helping his nephew find a way out, which may also be one of the purposes of his trip.
"Of course, no problem, since you recommended Professor Raman, then I believe that he must also be a very talented person in physics."
Chen Muwu agreed very happily, because he knew that even if he did not agree to Raman's request, Raman's nephew named Chandrasekhar would go to Cambridge University to study in the future and eventually win the Nobel Prize.
It's better to send a favor, and he has nothing to lose anyway.
And maybe by the time Chandrasekhar enrolls, he will have left Cambridge and gone to Sweden to do education!
Oppenheimer, who had been writing the first draft of his paper on the table next to him, had been pricking up one ear the whole time, eavesdropping on the conversation between the teacher and the Indian.
He felt that Chen Muwu had no problem finding a few students from China, after all, it was the hometown of geniuses.
Whether it is Ye Qisun, the doctoral brother who was at Harvard University, or the two Chinese classmates who are now at Cambridge University, their knowledge and character have long been recognized by Oppenheimer.
But why did Mr. Chen agree to admit Indian students? Did he want to see a cobra show?
Objecting to Chen Muwu's move was Chadwick, who was doing experiments on the sidelines.
After Rahman left, he also put forward his opinion to Chen Muwu: "Dr. Chen, if you agree to recruit that Indian without permission, it may cause Sir Rutherford to be unhappy, who knows what level that Indian is?" ”
Chadwick's words were originally meant to say that Chen Muwu had never met Raman's nephew at all, so he rashly recruited him as a student and entered the Cavendish laboratory, which might add a burden to the laboratory.
But what he said made the sensitive Oppenheimer misunderstand.
Because he was rejected by Rutherford at the beginning, he was recruited by Chen Muwu into Cavendish Laboratory.
Although he didn't look down on Indians, at this moment, Oppenheimer resonated with the Indian he had never met.
Was Chadwick talking about the Indian, or was he using this person to satirize himself?
Before Chen Muwu could speak, Oppenheimer had already opened his mouth and choked back: "What's wrong with the Indians?" Aren't Indians also British? Don't forget, your majesty the King of England now holds the title of Emperor of India! ”
"Robert, you'd better change rooms and hurry up and write your paper! It's just a first draft, and there are no advanced principles, it's been grinding for a long time, and it's not finished yet! ”
How can you still quarrel because of this incident!
Chen Muwu had a headache, and the student, who had always been at ease, finally showed his prickly side.
But now he can't offend Chadwick, who is about to allocate funds for particle accelerators, so he can only pretend to scold his students loudly, so that Oppenheimer is a little wronged.
……
The groom-to-be Chadwick, with the help of Chen Muwu and Kapitsa, finally prepared a new batch of hydrogen containing a large amount of deuterium and deuterated hydrogen.
The hydrogen samples will be brought back to the Cavendish laboratory at the University of Cambridge, where they will continue to study the properties of heavy hydrogen experimentally.
Chadwick, on the other hand, took time to go back to Liverpool and married his fiancée.
The best man for the wedding was still Capitsa, and the witness was the bearded Rutherford.
Chen Muwu also went to Liverpool, and before he left London, he also went to Mainland City to buy an embroidery embroidered with mandarin ducks as a wedding gift for Chadwick.
It is a pleasure to attend a wedding and witness a couple enter the marriage hall.
On the train back to Cambridgeshire from Liverpool, Rutherford still had a smile on his face.
Although in order to dodge the big smoking gun, Chen Muwu had already sat very far away from Rutherford.
But he still couldn't avoid the question thrown by the teacher: "Chen, now that James is finally married, when do you plan to marry the little girl from the Curie family?" I will also be a witness for you! ”
(End of chapter)