Seeing that the niobium metal piece in the machine was floating exactly as he imagined, Chen Muwu didn't care about launching rockets and satellites with Huxley and Wells, but left them behind and ran straight to the machine.

Everything was going according to Chen Muwu's plan, but even so, he kept maintaining a shocked expression on his face, and kept muttering to himself: "Hell, hell, how is it possible?" ”

"Dr. Chen, what's going on?"

Wells and Huxley also rushed over after him, and the latter hurriedly asked him about the current situation, for fear that he would bring people into the laboratory today and have an impact on and damage to Chen Muwu's experimental results.

The Davy-Faraday Laboratory is one of the hottest laboratories in the UK today, and the research on superconductivity in low-temperature physics is the flagship project of the laboratory.

If Chen Muwu's superconductivity experiment went wrong because of the arrival of the two people, then they must be to blame, and if they don't say it, they will become the biggest sinners in Britain.

"Professor Huxley, the experimental phenomenon is somewhat unexpected, and it is completely different from the situation of the ideal conductor," Chen Muwu said, pointing to the reading on the helium thermometer, "You see, the ambient temperature inside the instrument has reached 8 Kelvin, which is lower than the critical temperature of niobium, indicating that the sample has entered a superconducting state at this time."

"According to the previous assumption, after the sample enters the superconducting state, it can be regarded as an ideal conductor, but the ideal conductor will not float in the magnetic field."

"Dr. Chen, what does the current phenomenon mean?" Wells also asked with some unease.

"It's hard to say," Chen Muwu shook his head deliberately, "I may have to repeat this experiment a few more times to see if there are other factors that interfere with the experiment." If this is the case after repetition, then niobium, or other metals, cannot be regarded as ideal conductors after entering the superconducting state, and a new interpretation needs to be given to it. ”

Wells also wanted to continue to ask, didn't Dr. Chen just say that after the material enters superconductivity, it can be suspended in the magnetic field?

Now that the result has been made, the piece of metal called niobium is quietly suspended in the instrument, but why is he making such a fuss?

It's a pity that Chen Muwu won't give him a chance to ask questions again, seeing that the phenomenon he wants has finally appeared, and the work of these two guests as witnesses in the laboratory has been completed, and it is time to serve tea to the guests.

"Mr. Wells, Professor Huxley, I'm sorry, I originally wanted to demonstrate superconductivity to the two of you today, but I didn't expect the experiment to change suddenly, and it seems to have produced a new effect.

"I'm going to study this new experimental phenomenon next, and I don't think I have time to tell you anything about superconductivity. I'm really sorry! ”

"It's okay, it's okay, Dr. Chen, your experiment matters. Well, let's leave first, and don't bother you to continue your scientific research. ”

Seeing that there was no anxious look in Chen Muwu's expression, and the tone of his speech was quite steady, Huxley's heart finally put half of it into his stomach.

But he still felt that it was not suitable to stay here for a long time, and as soon as Chen Muwu saw off the guests, he hurriedly took Wells and hurriedly retreated.

But Wells wanted to continue chatting with this interesting young man, and although he said that the cannonball was fired into the sky, although it was a cliché, it was quite interesting to say that in the future, trains would be able to fly close to the ground without rails.

Before leaving, Wells did not forget to invite Chen Muwu to meet him next time: "Dr. Chen, after your experiment is completed, you are very welcome to come to my home as a guest." ”

"Mr. Wells, when I have the chance, I will definitely visit the house."

After the two left, Chen Muwu did not continue to engage in his research, but directly turned off the machine, cleaned the remaining frozen fruits, and leisurely clocked in and went home from work.

It's not enough to just discover this experimental phenomenon, but tomorrow he will guide his two students and ask them to give a reasonable explanation for this experimental phenomenon.

Although Shi Ruwei is the first author of the paper on the development of the superconductivity effect of niobium metal, niobium is not a ceramic after all, and its superconducting critical temperature is not high enough, so he will not win the Nobel Prize with this small discovery.

However, with the complete diamagnetism of superconductors, it should be very competitive.

"Tell me, what do you two think about this novel phenomenon?"

The next day, after re-demonstrating to Shi Ruwei and Oppenheimer the new phenomenon of niobium spontaneously floating in a magnetic field after entering a superconducting state, Chen Muwu raised his own question.

Oppenheimer shook his head inexplicably.

Although he is not good at hands-on experiments and is better at thinking about theoretical problems, magnetism is still a very partial branch of physics for him.

Mr. Chen is a master of relativity and quantum mechanics, and Oppenheimer has been working on these two aspects since he went to Cambridge, but he did not expect that he also had such a high attainment in the study of magnetism.

People have to die more than people, and Chen Muwu is an unattainable peak for Oppenheimer.

This reminded him of a recently learned Chinese idiom, called Gaoshan Yangzhi.

But Shi Ruwei is different, after he entered Cambridge University last year, he not only followed Chen Muwu's requirements to tutor theoretical knowledge in university classrooms and libraries, but also was arranged by Chen Muwu to enter the Cavendish laboratory seemingly intentionally or unintentionally, with the assistant head of the Department of Magnetics, Capitsa, and the one he met Stoner when he was doing experiments with De Broglie, and they did research together.

Over the past year, although Shi Ruwei cannot be said to be proficient, he has accumulated a lot of knowledge in magnetism.

Oppenheimer had already expressed his position, but Chen Muwu never spoke, but stared at the two of them with a smile, as if he was waiting for Shi Ruwei to say what he thought.

"Brother Hanchen, since this piece of niobium can float, it means that there must be a lift, and the magnitude of this lift force must at least be greater than the gravity of the metal sheet."

Chen Muwu nodded and motioned for him to continue.

"This kind of lift is certainly not the buoyancy brought by the air, and it is in the magnetic field, which is easily reminiscent of the electromagnetic repulsion force generated by the magnetic field.

"Think about the behavior of an ideal conductor in a magnetic field, and draw an analogy with the experimental phenomenon of first bringing a metal into a superconducting state and then adding a magnetic field. I think it may be that after the niobium metal cooled down and entered a superconducting state, all the magnetic inductance lines in its body were expelled, in other words, it generated a new magnetic field in the opposite direction of the ambient magnetic field. ”

Oppenheimer still looked confused, while Chen Muwu nodded and smiled: "The hero sees the same thing, and I think the same way." It's not enough to just think in the brain, physics is an experimental science, and the next thing we need to do is to design experiments to verify them.

"But before we do that, I think we should try something else, let's say, lead."

Niobium is a paramagnetic metal, while lead is a diamagnetic metal, and there are some differences in how the two metals behave in a magnetic field.

If the lead metal sheet is also like niobium, the magnetic field is added first and then cooled, and it is also suspended in the magnetic field after entering the superconducting state, then it can be shown that this performance is not unique to paramagnetic materials, but is applicable to all materials, whether paramagnetic or diamagnetic, they will discharge the magnetic inductance lines in their bodies during superconductivity, becoming a diamagnetic substance.

When Meisner was doing experiments at that time, he also considered paramagnetism and diamagnetism.

Diamagnetic metals, of course, he chose lead.

It's just that the paramagnetic material he uses is metal tin.

The critical temperature at which tin enters the superconducting state is 3 Kelvin, so Chen Muwu discovered the superconductivity of niobium, a paramagnetic material with a higher critical temperature, earlier by "mistake", which laid the foundation for today's experiments.

After speaking his thoughts, Chen Muwu continued to be his shopkeeper, asking Shi Ruwei and Oppenheimer to verify whether lead could float in the same way.

He thought that there should be no accidents in this simple practice, but unsurprisingly, accidents still appeared.

"Teacher Chen, the temperature has dropped to 5 Kelvin, but the lead in the magnetic field still can't float like niobium."

It was Oppenheimer who came to report to him, with a panicked look on his face.

"Really? Then I'll take a look. ”

got up and walked to the machine, looking at the lead piece that was bigger and thicker than the previous niobium, Chen Muwu's nose was so hung that he was crooked.

The magnetic field is still the same magnetic field, but the metal has been changed from niobium to lead, which is much denser.

And not only does the density increase, but also the volume of the sample.

It's hard to say whether that small magnetic field can produce enough repulsion to counteract this piece of lead, or even call it the gravity of the lead block.

"Who found it?"

"It's me, Mr. Chen."

Just guess and know.

Oppenheimer couldn't operate the machine, so he could only help Shi Ruwei fight, but he didn't expect that he couldn't even prepare a sample.

"Let's find another piece of lead. The current sample is too big and too heavy, otherwise increase the magnetic field and try again. ”

It's really not worry-free, you have to teach yourself this kind of thing.

Finally, after several improvements, the lead sheet also successfully floated in the magnetic field.

This new phenomenon also appears in diamagnetic lead, which means that this is not a phenomenon unique to niobium, but should be applicable to all superconductors.

Next, it is time to design an experiment to detect the magnetic induction intensity inside the superconductor.

Shi Ruwei and Chen Muwu talked about how this experiment should be designed, and Oppenheimer was still "waving the flag and shouting" next to him.

Although he had a smile on his face, he kept telling himself in his heart that after the experiment was over, he must also learn the knowledge of magnetism.

In the end, the experimental method that the two settled on was to prepare two cylindrical superconductors and place them parallel to each other up and down, leaving only a small interval in between.

A search coil is then placed into the spacer, and the other end of the coil is connected to the inrush galvanometer.

The readings on the galvanometer are then recorded and compared under two conditions, above the critical temperature and below the critical temperature.

For Shi Ruwei and Oppenheimer, no one can say whether the experiment will succeed.

But in their hearts, they all hope that the experiment will succeed, because if it fails, they will have to find a new theoretical explanation for the floating phenomenon again, and then redesign the experiment for the new theory.

But for Chen Muwu, this experiment is completely about shooting arrows first and then drawing targets, and it is destined to be successful.

The results of the experiment were exactly as he expected.

At this point, Chen Muwu's research work on low-temperature physics in the laboratory has all ended, and after writing a paper on this new effect, he should not be engaged in low-temperature physics research for more than ten or even twenty years.

In more than half a year, he invented plexiglass, earned enough funds for Swedish schools, and made two Nobel Prize-level discoveries of heavy hydrogen and complete diamagnetism of superconductors.

Although his original intention to conduct research on low-temperature physics was just to try to distort the technology tree.

After handing over the paper to the editor-in-chief Gregory, and walking out of the editorial office of the journal Nature, Chen Muwu threw a letter that he had prepared into the mailbox.

In his letter, as last time, he informed Yoshio Nishina of the fact that he had been lucky enough to have made a small achievement in superconductivity.

What did Yoshio Nishina, who was far away in the Netherlands, think after reading the letter, it has nothing to do with Chen Muwu, anyway, he is finally escaping from the bitterness of low-temperature physics this time and returning to the embrace of particle research......

…… Is it?

Some people don't want that to happen.

Knowing that Chen Muwu had completed all the experiments at the Royal Research Institute and was planning to leave London and return to Cambridge, old Prague was anxious.

The name of the David Faraday laboratory is now a household name throughout the UK, the laboratory is well funded, and the new Mondstadt laboratory has been selected and will soon start construction.

Old Prague is preparing to show his skills and realize his ambitions, but at this juncture, Dr. Chen is leaving? This is absolutely unacceptable.

The Davy-Faraday Laboratory was able to give life to life because the elder Prague followed Chen Muwu's advice and vigorously publicized the development of low-temperature physics in Britain in the newspapers.

The Mondstadt laboratory, which is under construction, is also a specialized laboratory for low-temperature physics.

Now the person with the highest level of low-temperature physics experiments in Britain is his old Prague in the hearts of the British.

At the actual level, no one can be on the right side of Chen Muwu.

If Dr. Chan were to go back to Cambridge, wouldn't he be timid?

As it happens, the new Mondstadt Lab is missing a director.

If Chen Muwu stays in the Cavendish laboratory and wants to become the director, he will have to survive at least until Rutherford's retirement.

But looking at the old guy's figure, it seems that it will not be a problem to work for another twenty or thirty years.

Although the professorship at the University of London can't keep you, can't this much-worded laboratory director position still get you?

(End of chapter)