176 from Berlin to Göttingen

In the original time and space, Einstein's last good friend in the last period of his life was also a lifelong friend, who proposed the incompleteness theorem.

There are many factors that make the two of them good friends:

For example, they all work at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton;

A German and an Austrian, living and customarily similar, and speaking German;

Everyone is a smart person, and there is no big gap in IQ when they communicate with each other;

Wait a minute.

But no one can tell why Einstein liked Gödel so much, and even in 1951, when the first Albert Einstein Prize was awarded, he chose to award the award named after himself to Gödel's good friend.

Are there any other reasons other than the points mentioned above?

For example, Gheadle proposed and proved the incompleteness theorem, slapping his nemesis, the unpleasant old bald Hilbert, in the face.

Anyway, in this time and space, Einstein was very happy to see that Chen Muwu's incompleteness theorem was published in the newspaper, which made Hilbert's efforts in recent years all in vain.

Einstein even went so far as to go to a reporter from the Berliner Zeitung to express his views on Chen Muwu's incompleteness theorem.

At that time, the reporter of the Berliner Zeitung was also worried about the matter, because he did not know who to interview.

Hilbert was a respected German mathematician, and he was already very old, and he was one of the parties to the incident.

His previous views were all wrong when he was put forward by a junior, and he may be angry, or he may be in a hurry.

In the first case, going to interview Hilbert is likely to be scolded.

But in the second case, going to interview him is equivalent to sprinkling salt on the wound, the old man is so old, if he is in a hurry and turns his back on his anger, then he is the culprit.

Instead of interviewing Hilbert, the reporter sought out several other mathematicians in Berlin.

But they were silent about it.

Hilbert is now a grandmaster of German mathematics, and the rest of the mathematicians are either his disciples, nephews, or grandchildren.

The Royal Society of Science, which officially published the full text of Chen Muwu's paper, has not yet been published, and no one knows what the full picture of this paper looks like and whether there are any errors in its contents.

With just a piece of news in the newspaper reprinted from the British media, no one dares to comment on the rights and wrongs of this matter, even with Russell's endorsement.

And no matter whether it is right or wrong, if you rashly accept an interview with a newspaper reporter and express your own opinion on this matter, it is not equivalent to judging your master, uncle, or master, and you will definitely offend Hilbert and his old man.

At this time, Einstein sent to the door, which was a relief for the reporter.

Although Einstein was not a mathematician, he had a very high scientific status in Germany and even in the world, and his reputation was one of the best.

There was no problem in letting him speak out, and the newspaper would sell much more than interviewing a few mathematicians who were not well known in the public eye.

So the reporter warmly received Einstein and asked him for his opinion on Chen Muwu's mistake in pointing out Hilbert's mistake.

Einstein's assessment of Chen Muwu seems to have suddenly returned to before the fall of 1924, when the latter had not yet come up with that damn probability wave, and was still a staunch supporter of the former in the field of relativity and photon theory.

His compliments and praises made the reporter sitting opposite couldn't help but wonder how much of the benefit fee Chen Muwu had remitted to Einstein in order for him to boast like this.

"Although the Royal Society of Sciences, which contains the full text of Dr. Chen's dissertation, has not yet been published, and we have no way of knowing how he proved the incompleteness theorem, I believe that this time, Dr. Chan will be the winner.

"When I first met Dr. Chan in China, I only had a brief exchange with him, and I knew that this son would be a great man in the future.

"You see, things turned out as I expected, Dr. Chan had already received his doctorate in only one year at Cambridge University; It didn't take two years to win the Nobel Prize in Physics.

And he has been involved in more than one aspect of science for a long time, first in physics, then in astronomy, chemistry, and now in mathematics.

"The last one who could have done so well in scientific research was thought of Poincaré in France and Lord Rayleigh III in England.

However, these two people, compared to Dr. Chen, also have their own shortcomings.

"Lord Rayleigh never studied astronomy, and Poincaré, like me, was a pure theorist with a very poor hands-on experimental ability.

"But whether it is Lord Rayleigh, Professor Poincaré or Dr. Chan, all three of them have one thing in common: they were educated outside of Germany.

"Why is it that the education of the United Kingdom and France, which are also European countries, can produce multi-faceted and multidisciplinary talents like them, while we in Germany cannot?

"Göttingen looked down on Berlin and Hamburg, the so-called 'German' scientists looked down on their Jewish colleagues, and mathematicians looked down on other disciplines because of the great infighting among the Germans......

"In the long run, the gap between Germany and Britain and France in terms of education will only widen, and we will never be able to produce a talent like Dr. Chen. This is something that German educators should reflect on.

"I'm even somewhat glad that Professor Planck didn't invite Dr. Chen to study at the Humboldt University of Berlin, but let him go to Cambridge University in the UK.

"If Dr. Chen really came to Germany, then I think the history of human science will forever lose a multidisciplinary all-rounder, and one more old-fashioned physicist."

"Having said that, let me go back to Dr. Chen's new discovery in mathematics this time.

"The reason why I think Dr. Chan is correct before I have even seen the paper is because his previous research in other disciplines has occasionally been as unacceptable as it is now, but basically all of them are correct.

And this time, there is also the British mathematical logic master Russell standing for him, and the plan that Professor Hilbert confidently put forward is probably more than lucky.

"Here I would like to take advantage of your newspaper to persuade Professor Hilbert that he will not be upset by a young student because of his mistakes.

"His achievements in mathematics are already very great, and a small mistake can not hide his brilliance in other aspects.

"Long before Professor Hilbert, Dr. Chen pointed out a mistake in my gravitational field equation through astronomical observations, and that I should not blindly add a cosmological constant to the equation in order to maintain a static universe.

"Later, after checking the calculations, I found that Dr. Chen's point of view was correct, so I have admitted our mistake to the physics community.

"Everyone makes mistakes, and it's not a big deal to make mistakes, just correct them.

Even Dr. Chan can make mistakes, but he's just a young man and doesn't want to admit it.

"I hope that he will realize his mistakes in quantum mechanics as soon as possible, correct his mistakes in time, and make greater contributions to the development of science and the progress of mankind."

"Finally, I would like to say that the idea that those mathematicians are trying to standardize mathematics in order to achieve scientific unity is somewhat unrealistic.

"In my mind, mathematics is just a 'fancy science', far less real than physics.

"Even if we want to find the universal laws of our entire universe, we should not start with mathematics, but physics.

"What I am doing now is trying to unify the two fundamental interaction forces of gravity and electromagnetism, trying to find the ultimate law of the universe."

The reporter was happy in his heart, he also thought that Einstein's opinion was just a few short sentences, but he didn't expect to publish such a long article, and there are many sentences in it that are very topical when taken out alone.

As for his criticism of German education and mathematics in his words, he praised Chen Muwu so highly.

Although these are controversial, the reporter does not intend to change a sentence, a word, or even a letter.

In any case, Einstein said it with red lips and white teeth, and he was just a faithful scribe-keeper.

"Professor Einstein, thank you for being here today for my interview."

"It's okay, this is what I should do, when is this interview expected to be published?"

"It may be either tomorrow or the day after tomorrow, and I try to get it out as soon as possible."

"Good, good, then bother you."

Einstein walked out of the editorial office of the Berliner Zeitung in a happy mood, and the interview he accepted today made a secret denigration of Hilbert through the open blowing of Chen Muwu.

He Einstein was not a person who held grudges, but you Hilbert made a mistake, and it is okay for me to say a few words, right?

In the end, he also called out Chen Muwu, in this interview, he praised him so high, this young man should be very grateful to himself, right?

Maybe he'll give up his childish and stubborn idea?

In the whole of Germany, the Berliner Zeitung was not the only newspaper that reprinted the news in the Manchester Guardian, and Einstein was not the only one who saw the news.

In Göttingen, Hilbert's new assistant, von Neumann, who had just been recruited at the beginning of the year, walked into his teacher's office with a reprinted copy of the Göttingen Zeitung.

The Göttingen Zeitung, the largest circulation newspaper in the cabaret and in the region, began as a German nationalist newspaper and quickly turned to the post of right-wing extremist and nationalist newspaper after the First World War.

It was in this newspaper that Born's student and assistant, Jodang, published Jewishophobic articles in the newspaper under a pseudonym.

Such a newspaper, when reprinting the news, would never use the original headline of the British, but a new headline that was more in line with their position: "The Arrogant British, Ridiculously Declaring that They Overturned the Theory of the Great German Mathematician".

When useful, Hilbert was a great German mathematician.

But when he was not needed, Hilbert, a purebred Aryan, was even suspected of being a Jew, simply because his name, David, was a name often used by Jews.

Although the title was somewhat contradictory, the Göttingen Zeitung still reprinted the news in its entirety, but at the end it added a comment from the editorial department, saying that the British did not measure themselves and had long since abandoned the research and turned to social criticism, which was even more nameless.

This is not the first time von Neumann has seen Chen Muwu's name in the newspapers, he has been hailed as a child prodigy since he was a child, went to university, and suddenly discovered that Britain has a famous peer.

And von Neumann's current work at the University of Göttingen is also related to Chen Muwu.

He was trying to prove that matrix mechanics and wave dynamics were mathematically strictly equivalent, and Dirac, far away at Cambridge University, was doing the same.

And this topic is exactly what Hilbert asked von Neumann to study.

In 1900, Hilbert proposed twenty-three mathematical problems, the sixth of which was to axiomatize physical theory.

Hilbert had always been disgusted with physicists using mathematics as a tool, but he couldn't use it rigorously.

He also disliked a paper published by Chen Muwu in quantum mechanics, which pointed out that matrix mechanics and wave dynamics can be used to calculate the same physical problem to obtain the same results.

Physicists agree that the paper proves the equivalence of the two mechanics, but Hilbert scoffs at it.

But he didn't bother to do this little thing, so he put it on hold until von Neumann, who had just received his doctorate from ETH Zurich, came to Göttingen as his assistant and assigned the subject to him.

However, Hilbert's ambition to axiomatize physical theories was impossible to realize, not only could physical theories not be axiomatized, but even the axiomatic axiomatization of mathematics, which he was most proud of, was declared impossible by a Cambridge University student.

When von Neumann walked into Hilbert's office with the newspaper, the latter was reading the letter Russell had written to him.

Although Hilbert carefully distinguished between the concepts of "true" and "provable" in the formal system, he always believed that the two concepts were in fact identical.

So after reading Russell's letter, he still thinks that the British are exaggerating in the letter, and the key steps in Chen Muwu's paper listed in the letter do not prove that his plan is wrong.

"John, what's the matter with you? How is this an expression? ”

"Professor Hilbert, the newspaper says that Dr. Chan of the University of Cambridge has proposed two incompleteness theorems to prove that your plan is impossible to realize, and the paper will be published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society in the next month......"

"Oh, you say this? There is no need to wait for the British journal, the core steps of that paper, Professor Russell has written to me to explain it. ”

Hilbert raised the letter in his hand to von Neumann.

"My assessment of this matter is that physicists should study physics well, and never think that they can understand mathematics.

"Because physics is already a difficult thing for them."

(End of chapter)