Leave aside the argument of which of the two men, Lopida and John I Bernoulli, contributed more to mathematics, for this argument will neither lead to a definite result nor be meaningful.

Irena and Frederick are both relatives of Chen Muwu in the future, and it is not worth tearing their faces to discuss right and wrong.

He cited this public case in the history of the development of mathematics to persuade Frederick, who was moved by the sight of the particle accelerator, not to always think about using knowledge to monetize, taking into account those petty profits.

He Chen Muwu said that if he wants to give Marie Curie a particle accelerator, he will definitely give Marie Curie a particle accelerator, but the time is a little late, and the location has not yet been determined, and it is not that he will not send it, so what is there to worry about?

The topic of the three of them lingered on the history of mathematics for a while, and Chen Muwu suddenly thought of another example that was similar but not exactly the same.

This time, the protagonist is not French, but belongs to the land under the feet of three people, England.

In primary and secondary schools, when occasionally doing reading comprehension on Chinese test papers, I often choose some articles in the style of "Reader" and "Yilin".

It talks about a British biologist, John MacLeod, who was very naughty when he was a child,—— which is normal, after all, it is the nature of a little boy.

However, MacLeod's mischievous attitude was a little more serious, as he killed the principal of his school and got a dog.

Westerners love dogs much more than Orientals, as long as there is a natural or man-made disaster, there will be volunteers from all over the country to run to the rescue, after a few days and nights of unremitting efforts, volunteers finally from the ruins or disaster scene, rescued a dying kitten or puppy, enough to see the importance of pets in their hearts.

So MacLeod killed the headmaster's dog, which was a hard mistake for him to forgive.

But fortunately, the young MacLeod met an enlightened and responsible principal.

Mr. Chancellor did not ask MacLeod for compensation or corporal punishment because of this incident.

He only assigned two tasks to the mischievous student, asking him to turn in two anatomical drawings as soon as possible, which were a diagram of the dog's blood circulation and a diagram of the bone structure.

Generally speaking, at this point in the story, the sublimation begins, and then there is a question in the reading comprehension question that asks the students what they have learned from the story.

And the sublimation point in this story is that it is precisely because of the principal's tolerance and generosity that MacLeod Jr. became interested in biology from then on, and finally discovered and extracted insulin, which can control blood sugar and treat diabetes, and won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Well, it's a happy ending, and everything looks good, doesn't it?

The year that MacLeod won the Nobel Prize, 1923, happened to be the first year that Chen Muwu came to Britain from the sea, and Milligan, who was famous for his oil drop experiments in the United States, won the award in the same year.

After learning the list of winners that year, Chen Muwu remembered the story he had seen in the primary school reading question, and the name and the reason for the award were completely matched.

But since the time of the award, this McLeod has not had a good reputation.

And the source of these voices came from another winner with whom he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Frederick Banting.

Research on insulin has always been conducted at the University of Toronto, Canada.

MacLeod was a professor of physiology at the University of Toronto, where he also served as director of the Physiology Laboratory and assistant to the dean of the School of Medicine.

At the end of 1920, Banting, a young Canadian physician, approached MacLeod at the University of Toronto with the idea of treating diabetes with an extract from the pancreas that had been disrupted.

MacLeod was not enthusiastic about the idea at the time, because he knew that other researchers had been unsuccessful in experimenting in this direction, and the prevailing view at the time was that the nervous system had a major role in regulating blood sugar levels.

There was another reason, and that was that MacLeod had learned through inquiries that the visitor had little to no experience in physiology.

In the end, however, Banting persuaded the director of the laboratory to allow MacLeod to allow him to use the physiology laboratory at the University of Toronto during his vacation to Scotland, and to provide him with the animals he needed for the experiment, and to send a student named Charles Best as an assistant.

By the time MacLeod had returned from vacation, Banting and Best had already achieved some research.

It's just that MacLeod is skeptical of their results and asks the two men to continue experimenting with further conclusions.

Banting not only did well in the experiment, but also had great eloquence, and this time he persuaded MacLeod to pay him and Best for the research and salary of the experiment.

Their two-person experimental team also lived up to expectations, and in more than two years, they not only made correct experimental results, but also won the Nobel Prize.

However, all the experiments were done by Banting and Best, but when it came to the Nobel Prize, it was Banting and the lab owner McLeod who won the prize.

MacLeod, who was not almost involved in the experimental work, all he did was provide the laboratory, as well as the funds and salaries for the experiments of Banting and Best.

If the lighthouse research in 1912 and the silage in 1945 were the wateriest prizes in physics and chemistry in the history of the Nobel Prize, then MacLeod in 1923 was the wateriest winner in the history of the Nobel Prize, regardless of discipline.

- Of course, the premise of this disciplinary, is that most of the Peace Prize laureates will be excluded.

MacLeod's award reminded Chen Muwu of his previous painful experience.

He felt that he had done the same thing as Banting, moving bricks in someone else's lab, taking the salary that someone else had offered him, repeating the experiment thousands of times, and then signing someone else's name to the final published paper.

In contrast, Rutherford in Cavendis's lab is even better, he is absolutely selfless, and he never takes the results of his students and staff on himself.

At the speed of the Cavendish Laboratory's Nobel Prize, Rutherford would have had it easy if he wanted the Nobel Prize, but he didn't choose to do so in the end.

As the first Nobel laureate in Canadian history,—— of course, Banting, who was not a good teacher at McGill University at the time of his award,—— was unhappy with MacLeod's peach picking, and he gave half of his prize money to Best, and has refused to attend any events with MacLeod since.

However, Chen Muwu thought about it for a long time, and in the end he didn't add this example to the little Curie couple.

Because in this story, MacLeod, as a villain, just used his power to pay money, and he easily won the honor.

Doesn't this further confirm Frederick's pessimistic idea that "it is useless to have knowledge, but money is everything"?

Chen Muwu was in a daze on the side, and Irena, who had just thought that Lobida had contributed to the Bernoulli family, was also thinking about the problem.

She looked at the empty inside and outside of the laboratory where the particle accelerator was located, and suddenly thought, could it be because Chen Muwu knew that he and her husband were going to visit here, so he notified the staff of Cavendish Laboratory in advance, asking them not to come here to do experiments today, so as to create a better atmosphere for the two of them to visit?

The foreigner couldn't hide her words, so Irena told her what she had just thought.

"Chen, you don't have to do this for the two of us, everyone is a person who does experiments, and we all know how much follow-up things may be delayed if we delay the experiment for a day."

Chen Muwu was startled after hearing this, and said in his heart that his girlfriend's sister was really smart, she guessed part of it correctly, but she didn't guess it completely.

He did send a telegram to Chadwick, asking him to clear the particle accelerator laboratory in the next two days, but the reason was not to make a better visit for the Curies or to overhaul the equipment, as he said in the telegram.

No one could have imagined why Chen Muwu would make such a request, except for himself.

"I'm sorry, Irena, I didn't think it was that far, and it wasn't something I asked to do."

The acting director of the Cavendish Laboratory, who opened his eyes and said nonsense, did not blush and his heart did not beat.

"But as you can see, that's the way the particle accelerators are being used at Cambridge University right now. It's the emptiness after the novelty, and no one in the Cavendish lab is going to use it. ”

The request in the telegram sent by Chen Muwu to Chadwick was intended to create this effect.

If the little Curies could see with their own eyes the birthplace of the particle accelerator, this machine has begun to sit idle and unused half a year after it was built.

When they return to France to see Marie Curie and report what they saw in the Cavendish laboratory, perhaps the Radium Institute will have to carefully consider whether to raise funds for a particle accelerator immediately.

What Chen Muwu meant was that he didn't plan to show the two guests how the particle accelerator works and how it hits, and let them come here for a "visit" and it's over.

But the people around him are like two books of 100,000 whys, and they have raised all kinds of questions about the big machine in front of them.

"But after spending so much money to build this machine, why do you say that if you don't use it, you won't need it?"

This time it was Frederick who asked the question.

"Because there is only one kind of matter that is bombarded, and that is the hydrogen nucleus. Everyone started to be bombarded with lithium, and at the beginning it was still relatively light metal or non-metal that was used as a target, and some new discoveries were made.

"But the number of elements is limited, and even iron, which ranks more than 20 in the periodic table, has been used as a target. You know, iron ......"

Speaking of this, Chen Muwu's words came to an abrupt end.

He would have said that knowing that iron is the most stable element in this periodic table, nuclear fusion synthesis to iron-56 will stop.

But this content was a bit too advanced, and Chen Muwu said it subconsciously, although he reacted in time, he was still speechless for a while.

"Chen, what's wrong with Tie?"

"Iron, iron is easy to prepare, but it's too heavy! The mass of an iron atom is 56 times that of a hydrogen nucleus, and even if the hydrogen atom is accelerated to a high-energy state, it will not produce any substantial results if it is used to bombard the iron nucleus.

"And this kind of big guy is very expensive, and the service life is also limited, and frequently doing this kind of meaningless bombardment experiment not only does not get the desired result, but also costs money and electricity, and it is in vain."

Chen Muwu finally blurted out the words he blurted out in excitement for a while, so that Frederick and Irena also nodded, as if agreeing with Chen's brother-in-law's statement.

But Frederick still had a thoughtful expression, and after a while, he asked a new question: "Chen, as you said, the mass of the hydrogen nucleus is too small, which is indeed a disadvantage for the bombardment.

"If we replace the hydrogen nucleus with something else, will we be able to redesign new experiments?"

"What is something else, deuterium nucleus?"

Chen Muwu inexplicably remembered the plan that his teacher Rutherford had in mind, to bombard the deuterium nucleus with hydrogen nuclei.

"Deuterium nucleus...... Of course, this is okay, but will it be difficult to prepare? ”

The hero sees the same thing, and he fooled the teacher like this at the beginning.

Frederick continued: "I mean, with alpha particles that are available and can be prepared in large quantities.

"When I was studying with Professor Langevin at the University of Paris, I read a paper by you and Dr. Blackett a few years ago in which you used alpha particles to bombard nitrogen atoms and completed the first nuclear transmutation in human history.

"So can this particle accelerator accelerate alpha particles, which are also positively charged? If we bombard some light nuclei with alpha particles, such as lithium, beryllium, etc., will it produce some unexpected effects? ”

Frederick's words, Chen Muwu sounded normal at first.

In particular, he said that he had read the paper he published with Blackett, which made Dr. Chen even a little proud.

But the more he listened to it, the more Chen Muwu felt that something was wrong.

It wasn't until Frederick finished his question that Dr. Chen had already begun to break out in a cold sweat.

Using high-energy alpha particles accelerated by a particle accelerator to bombard a beryllium target can produce some unexpected effects?

Yes, that's great.

Regarding this experiment, the couple in front of them did a lot of research in their previous lives, and named a kind of electrically neutral particle emitted after bombardment as hard gamma particles.

The true face of this hard gamma particle is not a gamma particle, but a ......

Neutron.

The neutron that haunted the teacher Rutherford for many years.

(End of chapter)