70 doctoral dissertation defense
After returning to the Cavendish Laboratory, the things in front of Chen Muwu were still too busy, more than the number of cousins in Li Tiemei's family.
The particle accelerator, which had been shut down for several days, had finally completed its "overhaul" and reopened to the professors, teachers, and staff of the lab.
Chen Muwu is still the only designated operator of this machine, and in order to make up for the fact that the particle accelerator was not available for his own reasons a few days ago, he even worked overtime to complete the experiments designed and proposed by others.
- Although these experiments, as he and the little Curies said, were nothing more than using the existing proton source to bombard a variety of different target metals, and they were basically useless work with a lot of repetitive work.
In addition to operating the machine every day, Chen Muwu also took the time to participate in two doctoral dissertation defenses, the protagonists of these two defenses were Shi Ruwei, who has been studying magnetism in the laboratory with Kapitsa in the past few years and has grown into the right-hand man of the Russians, and Oppenheimer, who has not appeared for a long time.
Zhao Zhongyao was supposed to graduate this year, but he was sent by Chen Muwu to Germany to install particle accelerators with Sulian, so he could only postpone his graduation and wait for him to return from the European continent and make up for a doctoral dissertation defense in the Cavendish laboratory.
- The same goes for Cockcroft.
However, the defense of their doctoral dissertations can basically be regarded as pure formalities, because the success of the construction of the particle accelerator was a great achievement, and it was the most important achievement of the entire Cavendish laboratory in 1927.
At the moment when the particle accelerator was used to successfully accelerate the hydrogen nucleus and complete the artificial nuclear reaction, Zhao Zhongyao and Cockcroft received their doctoral diplomas at that time, and there was no problem in wearing their doctoral hats.
If you don't answer, it's just a formality and a change of name is more justified.
Talking back to Shi Ruwei and Oppenheimer's graduation,
If you only look at your identity, Dr. Chen Muwu should not have and is not qualified to appear in the judging seats of these two defense meetings, and can only be an observer in the audience who cannot participate in the defense.
But fortunately, when Rutherford left the school, he specified in advance the interim manager of his absence, which not only made Chen Muwu's workload increase sharply in recent months, but also finally sat on the judging bench of the two defense meetings.
Although Kapitsa was a man of great smugness and outgoing, his academic level was excellent enough,โโ otherwise no one would have invited him to repair a hydraulic press, and then he was very reluctant to offer a thousand pounds in both hands,โโ and he was also dutiful when instructing his students.
At the same time, Kapitsa's evaluation of Shi Ruwei is also very high, and he even gloated secretly to Chen Muwu a few times when he was alone, saying that Chen used Shi Ruwei to exchange Cockcroft from his subordinates to help Chen design and build a particle accelerator together.
But in fact, he is the one who wants to thank Chen Muwu for sending Shi Ruwei, the cooperation between himself and Shi Ruwei is tacit enough, and the feeling of being handy, not to mention Chen and Cockcroft, even compared with his inseparable ass Oppenheimer, is not lagging behind.
Although Chen Muwu has also made great achievements in magnetic research, he has discovered the magnetic effect of superconductors in the superconducting state.
But that's just his conjunct, and it's only related to magnetism.
Once he came across a highly specialized knowledge of magnetism, he began to grow up one by one.
If he were to ask himself a question after the paper was finished, what would he do?
Chen Muwu, who was weak-hearted, glanced at the people sitting next to him on the judging bench, whether it was Chadwick or Old Tomson, both of them were calm, and there was no anxious look on their faces.
Chadwick's expression, whether he is confident or not, Chen Muwu said that it is not very good.
But his master, Old Tom Sun, put on such an expression, which made Chen Muwu feel a lot more relaxed all of a sudden.
As the former director of the Cavendish Laboratory and the dean of Trinity College, the elder Tomson was highly respected in the laboratory, but that was about it.
Some people say that physicists, or all scientists, have a prime time to produce research results before the age of forty.
After the age of forty and entering middle age, they begin to become more and more conservative, more and more self-contained, and it is easy to form an encirclement with the knowledge they have mastered, and they are unwilling to accept new things.
In the case of Einstein, it is reflected in his questioning of quantum mechanics from the beginning to the end until his death.
And the same applies to old Tomson.
As the discoverer of electrons, the elder Tomson not only did not accept Chen Muwu's wave dynamics, Bohr's nuclear model, and even Rutherford's solar system model, but always believed that the raisin pudding model he proposed was the most correct and indestructible.
It is estimated that old Tomson should not know anything about magnetism.
If he can calm down, why can't he himself?
After Shi Ruwei's report was completed, Chen Muwu's imaginary cowardice did not happen.
They are all their own people in Cavendish's laboratory, and Shi Ruwei was brought to the UK by Chen Muwu to study and study under Kapitsa.
Chen Muwu and Kapitsa are the two with the highest academic level and the most popular among the young generation in the laboratory, and the people they fancy naturally have no need to say much about their abilities, and everyone is willing to give them a face.
After the defense, no one on the judging table asked any difficult questions, everyone just asked a few symbolic questions, and Chen Muwu did the same.
Only Kapitsa seems to have picked a few key points in the paper and asked questions, but this paper was written entirely under his guidance, and his kind of questions are basically equivalent to asking and answering themselves.
Because Chen Muwu was going to defend his dissertation, the particle accelerator at the University of Cambridge was shut down for another day.
The main task of his visit today is not to make things difficult for these two students so that they cannot successfully obtain their doctoral diplomas, but to announce the final results of the defense after everyone's defense is over, and lead everyone to applaud and celebrate.
So in the applause of the audience, Shi Ruwei passed the doctoral dissertation defense without controversy, and got a doctoral hat for himself at Cambridge University, the best university in the United Kingdom and even in the world.
Shi Ru was able to successfully pass the thesis defense, but did not make a good start for Oppenheimer, who was ranked behind him, to relieve his nervousness, and even made Oppenheimer more nervous.
Because when he first entered the Cavendish laboratory, he was a little unjust, and after being rejected by Rutherford several times, he found the relationship between old Tom Sun through his family, and finally entered the laboratory with twists and turns by relying on Chen Muwu's packing ticket.
That is, from the moment he first entered the laboratory, Oppenheimer and Director Rutherford have never dealt with each other.
According to rumors through the grapevine, Rutherford had persuaded Chen Muwu to do not know a few times, all of which were to find a reason to fire Oppenheimer from the laboratory if his performance was not satisfactory.
Fortunately, Dr. Chan withstood the pressure from above, so that he was able to stay in the UK without danger in the past few years, and finally came to the final hurdle of graduation.
Rutherford, who returned to New Zealand to visit his family, was not at Cambridge University, which made Oppenheimer feel a little more at ease.
But he was still afraid that Chadwick and Fowler, who were sitting on the judges' bench, would ask unexpected questions about their papers, one of whom was Rutherford's right-hand man, and the other was the husband of his only daughter.
I hope that Dr. Chen and Dean Tomson, who are sitting on the other side of the judging table, can ensure that there are no problems in their defense.
With this mixed feeling of excitement and apprehension, Oppenheimer walked to the defense table.
It can only be said that Oppenheimer, who is sensitive, is a little too sensitive.
He felt that Shi Ruwei was able to pass the doctoral dissertation defense so easily because he was a double student of Chen Muwu and Kapitsa, so everyone on the review bench pushed the boat down the river and opened the net.
But Oppenheimer didn't think about it at all, in fact, because Shi Ruwei's research direction is magnetism, which is a little unpopular for the Cavendish Laboratory, which currently focuses on radioactivity and particle physics.
Then look at Oppenheimer, whose thesis is not a relatively niche branch of physics such as magnetism, but quantum mechanics, which is currently in vogue.
But what he gave was a purely theoretical paper, and for the Cavendish laboratory, which was famous for its experiments, it was no less popular than the magnetism that had just been used by Shi Ruwei.
The five judges sitting in the audience, old Tom Sun is purely the mascot of the people who came to the town; Chadwick and Kapitsa were known for their experiments, but they were lacking in theory; Dr. Chan is his own teacher, and he will definitely not make things difficult for him; The only thing that could go wrong was Rutherford's son-in-law, Fowler.
Fowler is the second person in Cavendish Laboratories, besides Chen Muwu, the best person in theoretical physics.
And he also tutored a Ph.D. named Dirac, who in turn was the supervisor of Oppenheimer's doctoral dissertation.
On the one hand, Oppenheimer wanted to write his doctoral dissertation, and on the other hand, he didn't have time to care about the progress of his dissertation because he had too many things, so he entrusted this matter to Dirac, who was also good at theoretical research.
If this is calculated, there is also a thin layer of incense between him Oppenheimer and Fowler, Fowler shouldn't be too embarrassed by himself, right?
Chen Muwu, who was sitting on the judges' seat, didn't know Oppenheimer's thoughts at this time, otherwise he would definitely think that he was worrying about the sky.
As long as his thesis is correct, there is no problem with the result, and he is not afraid of shadows, can others find any problems? Physics is the most realistic discipline.
Oppenheimer nervously stood in the C seat of the conference room and began the most important paper presentation of his first half of his life.
And the people in the judging table were all smiling and relaxed, and occasionally talked about two sentences one after the other.
"Chen, in a blink of an eye, even this Oppenheimer from the United States is going to graduate with a doctorate. I remember a few years ago, when you first arrived at Cambridge University and showed up in the Cavendish laboratory. In a few years, how much do you say you've achieved? Even this laboratory has been turned upside down. โ
It was old Tomson who made this emotion.
The great man said that there is no faction in D, and there are all kinds of strangeness.
There are also factions in Cavendis's lab, which can be divided into old people who worked in the lab when Old Tomson was the director, such as Wilson and Aston; and the newcomers who entered the laboratory after Rutherford took office in 1919, are not listed here.
But regardless of whether there is discord between these two factions, they all regard Chen Muwu as their own.
Hearing them talking about this topic, Fowler on the side also leaned over and echoed: "I also remember the situation at that time, it was Professor Eddington who received a telegram from Professor Einstein, personally went to London, got the manuscript of Dr. Chen's paper from the Journal of Philosophy, and brought it back to Cambridge to ask a few of us to read it together.
"After reading the paper on gamma ray scattering, I thought that Dr. Chen should also be a master of experimental physics, and it was just right to enter the Cavendish laboratory.
"It wasn't long before I read the paper on general relativity and realized that you are not only a master of experiments, but also a good level of theoretical physics. As I learned more and more, I realized how much physical energy Dr. Chen contained in his body. โ
It was originally Oppenheimer's doctoral dissertation defense, but it turned out to be Chen Muwu's fancy rainbow fart.
By the time Oppenheimer finished reading, the voices on the jury bench were about to surpass today's protagonists.
Oppenheimer's graduation thesis, although Chen Muwu did not participate much in it, but the topic was chosen by him.
In the original space-time, this thing was called the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, which Oppenheimer made up when he was studying for a doctorate with Born at the University of Gรถttingen.
But now Oppenheimer did not poison Blackett, nor did he go to Paris to see a psychiatrist, and finally went to Germany to complete his doctorate, so now this approximation should be called Oppenheimer approximation, or it can also be added to Dirac's name.
After Oppenheimer finished speaking, everyone's reaction was similar to the one Shi Ruwei had just now, and they asked a few questions symbolically, and then they all looked at Chen Muwu again, which means that you still have anything to say.
has been driven to the shelves to such a point, Chen Muwu had no choice but to speak: "Eagle Bar tonight, can you have a treat?" โ
"Of course no problem!"
The Cavendish lab room was filled with cheerful air again.
(End of chapter)