One night, when the southeast wind was strong, Zhou Yu's general Huang Gai pretended to surrender to Cao Cao, and brought ten warships, which were loaded with oiled firewood and grass, and sailed straight to Cao Cao's camp with the wind. Not far from Cao's camp, all the ships ignited at the same time and quickly rushed towards Cao Cao's naval warships. The fire and wind were fierce, and in an instant, the Cao army's warship ignited a fire, and the ship connected by iron cables could not be disassembled. ”

After a while, the camp on the shore of the Cao army was also on fire, and countless soldiers and horses of the Cao army were burned and drowned. The Sun-Liu coalition army divided the land and water trade routes to pursue the victory, and the Cao army suffered a heavy defeat, and finally Cao Cao only had 18 remnants of the cavalry defeated, defeated Huarong, and fled back to the north. ”

"After the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao was forced to retreat to the north and rebuild his strength, Sun Quan's power in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was consolidated, and Liu Bei gained most of the two lakes and later Sichuan. In this way, the three warlords were equal in power, but neither side was in a position to unify the whole country. Cao Cao's son Cao Pi was in Luoyang, abolished the Han Dynasty and offered himself emperor. Liu Bei and Sun Quan also successively called emperor and king. The situation of the three kingdoms was formed. ””

"After being defeated by the Sun-Liu coalition army, the world was divided into three kingdoms, and after that, the three kingdoms continued to fight, that is, Liu Bei entered Sichuan to fight for Yizhou, Shu Han and Cao Wei fought for Hanzhong, and Sun Quan sent troops to attack Hefei, Cao Wei went south to attack Jiangling, and there was also the battle of Yiling between Shu Han and Eastern Wu.

"In the heyday of the Shu Han Dynasty, the number of troops was only 100,000, and you must know that Yizhou is tired, and it takes ten people to feed a soldier, so there are only one million people in Shu. When the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Eastern Wu, there were 2.3 million people and more than 200,000 troops, and the Jin State at this time had a population of about 4 million.

"Since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to years of war, the population of later generations has declined, and the economic level has been greatly reduced, and the situation of the Three Kingdoms, which lasted for nearly 80 years, has further deepened the economic deterioration. Both Shu and Wu were unable to complete their military operations due to food problems. ”

As a result, both the Wei and Wu clans of the Shu Han dynasty gave priority to agricultural production during their reigns. Due to the needs of the war, metal smelting and shipbuilding and other technologies made great progress during the Three Kingdoms period. However, after all, the successive campaigns consumed a lot of manpower and material resources, so that the development of later generations entered a relatively slow period. ”

Some people are ashamed of Cao Cao's "coercion of the Son of Heaven to order the princes", and also call him a traitor and spurned. Cao Cao is indeed "a capable minister of governing the country, a hero in troubled times", he has talent, ability, level, talent, and strategy, and he can indeed be called a generation of heroes. ”

"But he also has sin, in great deeds, in great power, and he cannot hide his sin - the slaughter of the city."

"Water can carry a boat and capsize a boat, and those who win the hearts of the people win the world."

"Establish a heart for heaven and earth, establish a life for the people, continue to learn for the saints, and open peace for all generations."

"But since ancient times, there have been a few emperors who can do it, really focus on the people, for the slaughter of the city, no one can wash it away, and Cao Cao has personally slaughtered the city many times, and the order is also Cao Cao."

"From the very beginning of the conquest of Tao Qian to slaughter Xuzhou, to the conquest of Lu Bu to slaughter Pengcheng, the slaughter of the city has accompanied Cao Cao almost the entire conquest career."

"Cao Cao's first massacre took place in the fourth year of Chuping. At that time, his father was killed by Tao Qian's subordinates, and when he attacked Tao Qian for revenge, he didn't know if he was too sad, he did a terrible thing and killed more than 100,000 people in Xuzhou. ”

"In September of the third year of the second expedition to Xuzhou to slaughter the city of Jian'an, after Lu Bu defeated Liu Bei, Liu Bei ran to Cao Cao's side, and Cao Cao led a large group of men and horses to attack Lu Bu. In October, they occupied Pengcheng and then slaughtered all of them. ”

"The third time, in the ninth year of Jian'an, after Yuan Shao was defeated in the Battle of Guandu, Cao Cao killed seventy or eighty thousand soldiers, just to eliminate the living forces of Hebei to the greatest extent. After Yuan Shao's death, Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang were infighting, Cao Cao took advantage of their disagreement, continued to chase closely, and captured Yecheng in the ninth year of Jian'an, Yecheng is the nest of the Yuan family, so Cao Cao's slaughter of Yecheng is also very smooth, which is very in line with his consistent style. ”

"The fourth time Yuan Shang and Yuan Xi fled to Wuhuan, Wuhuan and the Yuan brothers fought against Cao Cao together, in the twelfth year of Jian'an, Cao Cao went north to conquer Wuhuan, and killed more than 10 people below the famous king in Liucheng, and captured more than 200,000 people. The Yuan brothers fled to Liaodong, and Sun Kang, the Taishou Gong of Liaodong, beheaded Yuan Shang and Yuan Xi and gave them to Cao Cao. Guo Jia, the biggest hero of the Northern Expedition to Wuhuan, also died of illness on the way back from Liucheng, and Cao Cao was greatly saddened by this. Cao Cao pursued Yuan Shang, conquered Karasuma, and slaughtered Liucheng. ”

"The fifth slaughter of the city and the rejuvenation of the country, in the first month of the spring of the nineteenth year of Jian'an, Cao Cao solved the forces of Ma Chao and Han Sui of Liangzhou, let his subordinates attack Ma Chao, and killed Ma Chao's wife, Ma Chao had to run to Zhang Lu, Han Sui and Ma Chao were allies, so Han Sui also ran to Jincheng, and the wild people of Liangzhou were very convinced of Ma Chao and them, so they helped Ma Chao attack Xiahou Yuan, and finally Xiahou Yuan was defeated by Xiahou Yuan, Xiahou Yuan received Cao Cao's order to slaughter the place of Xingguo and pacify Liangzhou."

"The sixth pacification of Paohan slaughtered the city of Longdi, there was a man named Song Jian who rebelled, he claimed to be the king of Heshou Pinghan, the capital of Paohan, is a local separatist force, and the unification is thirty years, Cao Cao pacified the rebellion of Ma Chao in Liangzhou, and in October of the same year, he easily called Song Jian to level, and then slaughtered the city of Paohan, the place where he set the capital, this is called the grass and beat the rabbit."

"The seventh time out of Hanzhong, passing by Hechi to slaughter the city, in the summer and April of the twentieth year of Jian'an, Cao Cao went out of Chencang to prepare to fight Zhang Lu, but he arrived at a place called Hechi, but the king of the wild people in these places did not obey, looking for death and not finding a way, not letting Cao Cao pass, one called Dou Mao thought that he had natural danger, but he didn't let him pass, Cao Cao leveled him, and then slaughtered the city."

"The eighth massacre of Wancheng, Jian'an twenty-three years, Hou Yin responded to Guan Yu's rebellion, and in the first month of the spring of the twenty-fourth year, Cao Ren put down the rebellion, and then killed Hou Yin, and at the same time slaughtered the entire Wancheng. The consequence of this was that they were all biased towards Guan Yu, and later Guan Yu arrested Yu Ban and besieged Fancheng, and these ordinary people responded to Guan Yu one after another. ”

"Eight massacres of the city, five massacres of the city were personally ordered by Cao Cao, in addition to Cao Cao's own order to slaughter the city, Xiahou Yuan slaughtered Xingguo, Caohan, Cao Ren slaughtered Wancheng."