At that time, the people of the Shang and Zhou dynasties only had the concept of "under heaven" and no concept of "country" in their hearts, until the fall of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the collapse of etiquette and music in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and hundreds of vassal states began to annex each other, and the monarch's desire for hegemony swelled sharply. ”

"At that time, the situation of reform, Guan Zhong was also full of endless bitterness and ups and downs."

"In 686 B.C., there was a turmoil in the state of Qi, and the powerful minister Gongsun killed the king of Qi Xiang in ignorance and replaced him.

At that time, the most qualified people in Qi were Gongzi and Gongzi Xiaobai, and Guan Zhong was a person from Gongzi Jiu.

"He secretly helped Gongzi to return to China as soon as possible to inherit the throne, and ambushed and killed Gongzi Xiaobai halfway, fortunately, the latter's big arrow was blocked by copper ornaments to pick up a life, and later, with the help of Uncle Bao, Gongzi Xiaobai took the lead in Qi and became the Duke of Qi Huan."

"After ascending the throne, Gongzi Xiaobai did two things, one was to reward Uncle Bao, and the other was to seek revenge from Guan Zhong, but this matter was stopped by Uncle Bao."

"The reason is that Guan Zhong is a genius in the world, and the new monarch of Qi is politically unstable when he ascends the throne, and he continues to preside over the overall situation with such a person."

"Qi Huan Gong is also a man of great talent, after thinking about Uncle Bao's suggestion, he put aside his personal grievances, took Guan Zhong back to Qi and worshiped him as the prime minister, Guan Zhong is also grateful to Qi Huan Gong for repaying grievances with virtue and helping him achieve hegemony."

"In addition to the instability of the new monarch's accession to the throne, the Qi State also faces two serious problems."

"First, after the collapse of Lile, eight hundred princes fought endlessly, and the Di people in the north, the Rong people in the west, and the barbarians in the south waited for an opportunity to invade the Central Plains, and the Qi State suffered greatly as a big country in the East."

"Second, due to the early internal military coup, the Qi State has long since lost its former prosperity, the treasury is empty, the people's livelihood is withering, and there is a crisis of being invaded and annexed by foreign countries at any time, so it can be said that the Qi State at this time has reached the point of death."

The war has caused the world to suffer, and at the same time destroyed the old system and opened a hole for the birth of the new system. ”

The scope of Guan Zhong's reform is very wide, and he is also the first person to put forward the theory of "four people", if its reform is summarized and classified, it can also be summarized as a reform of the four peoples of "Shinong, industry and commerce", involving political, economic, military, and cultural aspects. ”

"Before Guan Zhong, Guan Zi, the ruler of Qi State, had made a series of changes, but he failed to stick to it for various reasons."

Guan Zhong took over the idea of changing the law of Guan, believing that only through the reform of the law can the predicament of the Qi country be saved, Guan Zhong analyzed the political, economic and military conditions of the Qi country, and found that there are many problems in the country, such as political corruption, loose army, economic backwardness, etc.

"Therefore, Guan Zhong's reform is to start from these problems, and realize the strength and stability of Qi through means such as changing the legal system, strengthening army building, and promoting economic development."

There is a saying called "Warehouse food is actually known etiquette, food and clothing are enough to know honor and disgrace", many people know the meaning of this sentence, but they don't know that this sentence was put forward by Guan Zhong, and it is also a program of his economic reform. ”

Guan Zhong proposed: "All the way to govern the country must first enrich the people." That is what is now called "hiding the wealth from the people", how to do this? He made corresponding changes to the two major areas of agriculture and commerce. ”

"Before Guan Zhong's reform, most of the land in Qi was concentrated in the hands of the princes and nobles."

"Guan Zhong believes that agriculture is the foundation of the country, and grain is the wealth of the country, so we should attach importance to agricultural production."

"He advocated that farmers vigorously develop agricultural production, while restricting the activities of merchants."

"He believes that businessmen will not farm when they make money, and farmers who farm will buy grain when they make money, so that the price of grain in the market will rise and farmers will benefit."

"At the same time, the land reform was carried out, and the land of Qi was owned by the state, not by individuals."

He introduced a change in the land system that divided land into "public land" and "private land", with public land being produced for the state and private land being owned by individual peasants. ”

"In this way, the land of Qi has been better utilized, and the farmers' enthusiasm for production has also been improved."

Guan Zhong also implemented a system of equalizing land, in which he divided the land of Qi into several portions according to the number of people and laborers, and distributed them to the peasants for cultivation. Such a system can ensure that farmers have enough land to cultivate, and at the same time, it can also increase the tax revenue of the state. ”

Li Shimin: Good mind! After Guan Zhong's reform, he returned the land to the monarch, and then distributed the land to the common people in the name of the monarch, which secured his position and made the monarch even more happy.

Qin Shi Huang: This is completely different from the Shang Dynasty reform, which believed that the dynasty should "emphasize agriculture and suppress commerce", while Guan Zhong believed that industry and commerce must also be taken into account when developing agriculture, and Guan Zhong's reform method was indeed better on this issue.

Wei Zheng: This is "if there is no market, the people are lacking, and if there is no profit, what is the industry?" "That's a lot of business tax!

Yu Qian: This commercial tax is really an important source for various dynasties, but it is Guan Zhong who really institutionalizes the commercial tax, which invisibly promotes the reform of various national systems, and Guan Zhong's political ability is indeed very strong!

Cao Cao: Then you can't go to the Martial Temple!

Yin Lihua: Miss Zhang said that Shangwu Temple is not only about fighting, but also about military capabilities, and he has indeed made a lot of contributions to military reform.

Guantao: Then should you run away on the battlefield?

Yin Lihua: Lord Guan Zhong also has a hard time, isn't it!

Li Jing: Guan Zhong is powerful, so how does Guan Zhong compare with Bai Qi and Wu Qi? Do you know how many people have young children, wives, and parents at home, but soldiers who have died in battle? A coward is a coward, I won't say anything about Guan Zhong in the Temple of Literature, but in the Martial Temple, he also uses "morality" to ascend to the throne, and this Martial Temple should be abolished!

Yue Fei: Don't look at which emperor the person who replaced the Martial Temple, can you understand him with the thoughts of a normal person?

Li Jing: ......

Cao Cao: Ahem! Cao Mou wanted to fight upright, but he actually forgot about this, General Yue Fei was right, this martial arts temple is good with the standard of the Tang Dynasty, and I don't admit it if it was changed later.

Li Si: I actually forgot which emperor changed it, let's still discuss it here, this emperor of the Great Song Dynasty changed the martial temple, we can also recognize it?

Li Longji: Ahem! Forget the main problem, he himself is a pit goods, how dare he change the martial arts temple with "morality".

(End of chapter)