"In addition, the Han Dynasty at that time ruled the world with filial piety, and in order to make all the people in the world achieve the unity of knowledge and action, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty led by example."

"When he was acting as the king, the Empress Dowager Bo was ill for three years, and in those three years, Liu Heng has always been a model of taking care of himself without clothes, and after arriving in Chang'an, although he is the emperor, he still copied the style of the country when he was in the country, and he has all kinds of filial piety to his mother."

Emperor Wen of Han was not at fault in his life, and after his death, his son Emperor Jing of Han succeeded to the throne, because Emperor Jing of Han also continued the previous policy reforms, so it was called "the rule of Wenjing." ””

"After Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty completely learned the lessons of the Qin Dynasty, and took measures to take a light tax and rest with the people, reduce the burden of forced labor and labor on the peasants, and focus on restoring agricultural production, stabilizing the feudal ruling order, and paying attention to the development of agricultural production."

"During the Wenjing period, thrift was advocated, and the people were valued by virtue, so the society was relatively stable and the economy developed."

"It has always been regarded as the prosperous era of feudal society, and it is known as the rule of Wenjing."

"During the seventy years from the beginning of the Han Dynasty to the accession of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing were benevolent and frugal, believed in Huang Lao, and took tranquility and not disturbing the people as their policy, and the sea was rich and the national strength was strong."

"It laid a solid foundation for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's martial arts."

"The people have no internal and external affairs, and they have to rest on their shoulders in the fields, and the world is rich."

"Under the guidance of the policy of persuading farmers with thin taxes and resting with the people, after 41 years of governance by Emperor Wenjing, it ushered in the peaceful and prosperous era of the early Western Han Dynasty."

"First of all, the burden on the peasants has been greatly reduced, from the accession of Gaozu of the Han Dynasty to the three years of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, a total of 62 years, the Western Han Dynasty implemented an exemplary policy of light taxation and thin endowment in ancient times, and the burden on the peasants was the lightest."

"From the thirteenth year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, the national land tax was exempted for 11 consecutive years, during which the burden of agricultural taxes on the peasants was gone, which was unique in feudal society."

"Therefore, it is historically recognized that the burden on peasants has been very light for more than 70 years in the early Western Han Dynasty."

"The second is that the people are rich, the society is stable, and those who guard the Lu Yan eat sorghum meat, except for the eldest son of the officials, and those who live in the government take their surnames."

"Therefore, everyone loves himself and re-offends the law, first benevolence and righteousness and then shame, at this time, the net is sparse and the people are rich."

"Such a healthy and harmonious society is rare in history."

"Of course, Emperor Jing of Han's reform was based on existing policies, and I think Emperor Jing of Han's greatest merit should be to quell the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms."

"As mentioned earlier, the Han Dynasty's sub-feudal system is a shortcoming, although it was set up for the dispute between Chu and Han at that time and increased the power, this sub-feudal system is really not very suitable."

"At that time, Liu Bang's strength was far weaker than Xiang Yu, in order to let the powerful faction work hard for themselves, in order to defeat Xiang Yu and win the victory, Liu Bang gave important heroes to divide the seal."

"Among them, Han Xin was named the king of Qi by Liu Bang, and then moved to the king of Chu, Yingbu, who was dug from Xiang Yu, was named the king of Jiujiang, Peng Yue, who was good at sneak attacks, became the king of Huainan, and his old brother Lu Xuan of Peixian County was named the king of Yan."

"After Xiang Yu was destroyed, the problem of princes and kings with different surnames became prominent, and Liu Bang successively cut off the princes and kings with different surnames, and instead divided the clan surnamed Liu as kings."

"But he forgot one thing, that is, with the change of generations, the relationship between the princes and kings who were originally close to each other by blood has gradually become estranged, and the vassal states of the Zhou Dynasty are like this, and the monarch of the Jin State was originally the sibling brother of Zhou Tianzi, who still looks at this situation later."

"The Zhou Dynasty divided many vassal states back then, which also caused each vassal state to be relatively weak at the beginning, and it was difficult to compete with the central government."

"However, the vassal states divided by the Han Dynasty were vast in area and had several counties, which caused those vassal states with good locations and large numbers of people to develop rapidly, and quickly formed a situation of overwhelming the imperial court."

"For example, there are copper mines in the territory of Wu, and they enjoy the right to mint money, plus the sea can produce sea salt, and Wu soon became a wealthy vassal state, with very strong financial resources, but many Liu Bi who did not have the imperial court have."

"There are rich people and people have territory, and several powerful vassal states such as Wu are like a time bomb, which may explode at any time."

"Emperor Liu Qi of the Han Dynasty adopted the wrong policy of cutting the feudal domain, although it provoked the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, but after the rebellion was quelled, the strength of the princes was greatly weakened, and it was no longer possible to form a situation where the tail could not be lost, which was the foundation laid by Liu Qi for Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty."

"When Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty had not yet ascended the throne, Liu Qi and Liu Bi were a little bit at odds."

"Liu Qi was born in 188 BC in the middle capital of Daidi, Liu Qi is the eldest son of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty Liu Heng, and his mother is the queen of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Dou Yifang, which is the aforementioned Dou Yifang."

"In 179 BC, Liu Qi was made the crown prince."

"One day, the son of Liu Bi, the king of Wu, came to the palace to play Go with Liu Qi, because there was a dispute between the two during the game of chess, and the son of the king of Wu spoke disrespectfully to Liu Qi, who was the crown prince, and Liu Qi smashed him with a chessboard, and as a result, the son of the king of Wu was killed."

"This greatly annoyed Liu Bi, and when Emperor Wen of Han sent someone to transport the body back to Wu, Liu Bi, the king of Wu, was very angry and said that he was sick from then on."

"The emperor at that time, Emperor Wen of Han, understood his feelings and allowed him not to invite him, but Liu Bi, the king of Wu, not only did not mean to reconcile, but became even more arrogant."

"But no matter what people say, they have lost their sons, no matter how much they go wrong, Emperor Wen of Han also suffers."

"In 157 BC, Emperor Wen of Han died, and Liu Qi became the emperor and Emperor Jing of Han."

"After Liu Qi ascended the throne, the power of Liu Bi, the king of Wu, also slowly grew."

"At this time, the imperial historian Chao mistakenly thought that the power of the princes and kings in various places was too strong, which might cause instability in the country, so he suggested to Liu Qi to cut the fiefs of the princes and kings and take the fiefs back into the hands of the imperial court."

Liu Qi adopted Chao Cuo's suggestion to "cut the feudal domain", and in 154 BC, he successively cut off the six fiefs of the king of Chu, Wu, the king of Chu, the Changshan county, and the king of Jiaoxi. ”

When the edict of cutting the land was sent to the state of Wu, Liu Bi, the king of Wu, who had long been dissatisfied with Liu Qi, relied on his strength and immediately used Yuecheng as a base to unite the other six princes and kings who were dissatisfied with the reduction of their fiefdoms, and rebelled under the banner of "punishing Chao wrong and clearing the king's side". ”

"Liu Bi sent 200,000 troops, known as 500,000, as the main force, and at the same time sent people to collude with the Xiongnu, Dongyue, and Minyue nobles to raise troops to the west."

"When the rebels reached Henan, they were stopped by Liu Qi's younger brother, Liu Wu, the king of Liang Xiao, but Liu Wu's troops were insufficient and it was difficult to parry the rebels' attacks."

"Liu Qi is good at employing people, and sent the captain Zhou Yafu and the general Dou Ying to lead 36 generals, and cut off the rebels' grain routes with strange soldiers, and in just 3 months, the army broke the rebels."

"Liu Bi fled to Dongou and was killed by the king of Donou, and the other six kings all committed suicide in fear of crime, and the rebellious seven kingdoms were finally abolished."