"When Emperor Daoguang learned of the loss of Dinghai, he expressed strong indignation and ordered the six provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, and Sichuan to send troops to support the coast."

"After the governors of the six provinces received the call from the imperial court, the first thing they thought of was not how to resist the enemy, but to cry to the imperial court for military salaries."

"Daoguang is a well-known emperor who picks the door, and he gets annoyed when he hears that he spends money."

"I can't get the money, and I can't mobilize the troops, so I can only vent the anger in my heart to Lin Zexu."

He specially sent an edict to Lin Zexu and said:

"Not only is there no reality in the end, but there are many waves, thinking is better than resentment, see what words you use to deal with me."

Daoguang accused Lin Zexu of this, not only did he not do anything practical, but he caused so many incidents to the imperial court, the more I think about it, the more angry I become, what else do you have to say to me. ”

"The incompetence of the emperor at the end of the Qing Dynasty was vividly expressed."

"Lin Zexu is full of loyalty to the monarch and serves the country, and is dedicated to saving the people of the Qing Dynasty."

"Three months ago, when more than 2 million catties of opium were vigorously destroyed by foreigners, Emperor Daoguang cheered happily, and just encountered the slightest resistance and setback, he immediately turned his face and denied people."

"At this time, another person with gunpowder saw that the opportunity had come."

"When they reached the mouth of the Baihe River in Tianjin, the British demanded that the Qing Dynasty negotiate."

"Qi Shan, the governor of Zhili at that time, received the British delegates and took the opportunity to attack Lin Zexu."

"Qi Shan, through various requests to learn the strength of the British navy, after some weighing and comparison, found that the strength of the British was above the Qing Dynasty, and immediately wrote a proposal to "Fuyi". ”

In his correspondence with British Prime Minister Palmerston, Qi Shan became even more convinced that "Fuyi" was the best way to resolve the conflict between the Qing Dynasty and the British. ”

"Palmerston's letter can be divided into two parts, the first half is to denounce Lin Zexu's outrageous behavior, and the second half is Palmerston's demand for the Qing Dynasty."

"Kishan focuses on the first half, taking the letter for granted as an indictment of the British."

"Qi Shan replied to Palmerston that the sale of cigarettes in Humen is Lin Zexu's personal behavior, and it is all up to him to mess around, and it is not my emperor's intention at all, I will report to the court and severely punish Lin Zexu."

"After Qi Shan's solution strategy reached the ears of Emperor Daoguang, Emperor Daoguang felt that Qi Shan was really capable, much stronger than that unreliable Lin Zexu."

"The monarch and the ministers agreed to give the British some money symbolically, so that they could go back to their lives, and send them away as soon as possible."

"Emperor Daoguang listened to Qi Shan, believing that Lin Zexu had mishandled the smoking campaign and caused a war, so he dismissed him."

"Lin Zexu was dismissed like this, and Qi Shan took over."

"Subsequently, let Qishan negotiate with the British army at the mouth of Tianjin."

"At that time, Tianjin's defense was also very weak, so Qi Shan proposed that the two sides negotiate in Guangdong, and the British army was also worried that the lone army would go deep and supply would be difficult, so they agreed."

"In October 1840, the negotiations between the two sides began, and the British officially proposed to open four treaty ports, indemnity, and other major conditions, but Qishan only dared to agree to the indemnity of 6 million taels of cigarettes, and did not dare to agree to other demands."

"In addition, Qi Shan negated Lin Zexu's defensive measures and dismissed the recruited soldiers, resulting in the emptiness of Guangdong's defense."

"At this time, after several rounds of negotiations, Qi Shan found that he was careless."

"The British were very resolute in ceding Hong Kong and compensating for the loss of destroyed opium."

"Qi Shan hesitated, so he had to go back and forth to reduce the price and delay."

"When Emperor Daoguang learned about it, he took tough measures and ordered that the price of cigarettes should not be given."

"At the same time, the coastal provinces are required to immediately prepare for war and strengthen their preparedness."

"Seeing that the negotiations failed, Yilu ordered 3,500 British troops to attack Humen."

"After fierce fighting, the forts of Humen finally fell, the commander of the navy, Guan Tianpei, died, and the British army also took the opportunity to occupy Hong Kong Island."

"After Emperor Daoguang got the news, he didn't reflect on himself, and directly thought that it was someone else's fault, dismissed Qishan from his post, and used Yishan as the general of Jingren, and dispatched 17,000 troops from Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other places to the front."

"Yishan is also mediocre and incompetent, he didn't dare to go to war at first, and later felt that he couldn't get military merits if he didn't go to war."

"So, he ordered the Qing Dynasty sailors to take the initiative to attack the British army."

"The Qing Dynasty sailors sent small boats, secretly approached the British fleet, and then projected gunpowder for a fire attack, which achieved results."

"Soon the British army counterattacked, and the Qing Dynasty sailors were attacked by the British ships and artillery, and it was difficult for them to fight back."

"Subsequently, the British army attacked Guangzhou, captured the various batteries on the Guangzhou Mountain, condescendingly, and opened artillery on Guangzhou."

"Yishan was frightened and surrendered to the British."

Subsequently, the two sides signed the Treaty of Guangzhou, in which Yishan promised to redeem Guangzhou for 6 million yuan and compensate 300,000 yuan.

"The signing of the Treaty of Canton marked the end of the first phase of the Opium War and a temporary truce between the two sides."

"The British side believed that the opening of the Treaty of Canton had not yet achieved the purpose of the war, and insisted on continuing the war."

"At the end of April 1841, Britain recalled Yilu and presided over the war of aggression against China with Pudingcha."

"After Pudingcha arrived in Guangdong, he stayed in Hong Kong with 1,300 people, led 35 warships, and 3,500 people began to go north again."

"In July, the British captured Xiamen, leaving 400 men to defend it."

"In August, the British army attacked Dinghai for the second time."

"After the first fall of Dinghai, Emperor Daoguang strengthened Zhejiang's defenses with Yuqian as the governor of Liangjiang."

"The British army broke into Dinghai several times, but was bravely counterattacked by the Qing army and retreated."

"On the 17th, the British army launched a general attack in three ways, and the Qing army fought a bloody battle to the end, and finally because of the defeat of backward weapons, Wang Xipeng, Ge Yunfei, and Zheng Guohong were martyred, and Dinghai fell again."

"Subsequently, the British army attacked Zhenhai, the Qing army stubbornly counterattacked, but still failed, the general soldier Xie Chaoen was killed, and the minister Yu Qian was killed."

"The British army launched another attack on Ningbo, and Ningbo Governor Yu Buyun and the prefect Deng Tingcai fled when they heard the news, causing Ningbo to fall."

"After the fall of the three cities of Zhejiang, Emperor Daoguang sent the scholar Yijing as a general to fight in Zhejiang."

"Yijing gathered 40,000 Qing troops and recruited 90,000 Xiangyong, and he wanted to recover the three cities of Zhejiang in one go."

"In the first month of 1842, the Qing army counterattacked in three ways."

"On the Ningbo side, the Qing army braved the rain to attack the city of Ningbo, fought with the British army in the streets, lost 500 men and was forced to withdraw."

"On the Zhenhai side, the Qing army and the British army began a tug-of-war when they entered the city, three in and three out, and finally failed."

"And the army that recovered Dinghai was routed by the British army before it could attack the city."

At that time, the total number of British troops in the invasion of China had increased to 20,000. On the fourth day of April, the British army planned to advance to the main stream of the Yangtze River. ”