Wansan went to the Miyun Division, and the R&D Department was mainly taken care of by Xiao Jiu, although Zhu Gaochi gave a lot of rights to this part, he didn't take it to heart at this stage.

Until the meeting ended, Xiao Jiu stayed and silently handed over a list.

"What is this?"

Zhu Gaochi looked at Xiao Jiu curiously.

"It's a number of applications that the R&D Department has received recently, many of which have been approved by me, and several of them have already made progress."

The R&D Department spends a sum of money today and tomorrow, and it costs a lot of money to accumulate a lot, but Zhu Gaochi never asked.

Although he was worried that Xiao Jiu's hands were too loose, he didn't come forward.

"The blast furnace of the coke refinery, after each furnace is refined, there are many residual objects, Master Li submitted a report on the research and development of improving anxiety, and I agreed."

"There are still a few reports to study the remnants, and I agree."

"Master Li's research, Master Wang is helping."

"The black residue in the coke oven, we found some similarities with stone paint, but there are a lot of differences."

"In addition, every time the stove is used, it is stained with a thick layer of oil, and some craftsmen think that it can be used as lamp oil and want to study it."

……

Zhu Gaochi couldn't help but increase his breathing.

A coking plant brings more than just coke.

In the production process of the coke plant, a large amount of residual materials have been left behind, and people have obtained countless things from the study of these residual materials.

For example, the black remnant is probably coal paste.

The ancient coking process has also been discovered, and there are also a lot of studies and applications of these things in ancient China.

However, the output of the coking workshop in the Song Dynasty was not large, so there were not many products, and the ancient production environment was mainly used for luxury goods.

For example, after the coal paste was studied, the coal black in it was separated.

In the Ru kilns of the Song Dynasty, coal black was used to make porcelain with a distinct blackness, and coal black was also used in graphite, which was a high-end commodity.

But its own coke refinery is different.

A furnace of 30,000 catties of coal, then after each furnace is refined, there will not only be thousands of catties of white-gray residue in appearance, but also more than 1,000 catties of coal paste, as well as the rest of the products.

These coal pastes, with the productivity of today's times, do not play a big role, such as coal black made of coal paste, which is an important component of tires in later generations.

Daming doesn't even have rubber, and with coal black, it's also a castle in the air.

However, a large amount of coal black can be supplied to porcelain kilns and ink mills at a low price.

The biggest effect of coal black is to wait for yourself to find rubber, which is not something that can be obtained in the short term.

Many products are similar to coal black, which will play a huge role in later generations, but they are not needed today, but there are some things that can play a huge role.

For example, the white substance on the surface of the residue, the ammonia obtained after cleaning the coke oven, and the tar generated during the firing process.

For example, ammonia, the coke oven that has just been put into production does not have ammonia, and the clean water becomes ammonia when it is sprayed with clean water at the beginning.

Because coal contains a certain amount of water, in the process of refining into coke, this part of the water and the elements in the coal are fused with the gas in the refining process, and after the water and clean water are fused, it becomes ammonia.

These substances can be collected directly, but the tar is distilled, and the residue of the distillation is bitumen.

The oil collected after distillation can be used as fuel oil, and if it is hydrogenated, it is diesel.

It is even possible to separate ammonium coke explosives from tar waste liquid, but this technical requirement is high, and the danger is huge, Zhu Gaochi is not ready to try, at least until the technology is more mature.

"There are craftsmen who want to study the coal black of the Song Dynasty, and I think it has market value, so I approved it, and there are already results."

"Those oils, which some craftsmen think can be used as antiseptic oil, can be supplied to shipyards and carpenters' workshops."

Xiao Jiu explained carefully, and everything was at his fingertips.

It seems that the R&D Department has also played a great role in Xiao Jiu, and brainstorming is faster than growing alone.

"Would you like to try distillation?" Zhu Gaochi said suddenly.

The ancient distillation technology was very mature, but because of the statement in the Compendium of Materia Medica of Li Shizhen of the Jiajing Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty, many people thought that it was a technology imported from abroad in the Yuan Dynasty.

Li Shizhen has limitations, and cognitive errors are normal.

Because in the ruins of the Jin Kingdom excavated in Qinglong County, Hebei Province in later generations, a copper shochu pot was found, which proved that this statement was wrong.

Jin was a nomadic civilization, and it was impossible for it to have advanced technology itself, and many scholars believe that the Song Dynasty already had the technology to distill spirits.

For example, during the Northern Song Dynasty, the great writer Su Dongpo wrote "The Perception of Things", in which there is a method of making liquor, which is in line with the practice of distilling liquor.

Xiao Jiu didn't expect that Xiao Wang Ye would be involved in distillation, and fell into deep thought.

Zhu Gaochi reminded.

"Since it is similar to oil, most of it can be burned, it may be that there is too much residue, after distillation, see if it can be used as fuel."

"There is also the white ash on the surface of the residue, can you also study it."

In ancient times, various kinds of ash were studied, such as the use of grass ash in iron smelting, the use of burned grass ash to smear wounds to stop bleeding, and so on.

"And I see the water left in the coal furnace, the soil in that place is relatively fertile, can it be used to fertilize the field?"

Ammonia can be used as fertilizer after dilution, but it should be done in excess to avoid excessive accumulation of ammonia in local areas.

Moreover, the residual water in these furnaces cannot be exposed to the sun, and needs to be transported in a closed manner, otherwise it will decompose into ammonia and water.

These ammonia are not suitable for long-distance transportation, but gypsum water is added, precipitated, and then heated and evaporated, and the resulting white particles are ammonium sulfate, that is, fertilizer.

The fertilizer effect of one pound of ammonium sulfate is equal to three hundred pounds of human dung.

Xiao Jiu hurriedly took out his notebook and carefully recorded the thoughts of the little prince just now, he would not miss any ideas.

The master taught him that sometimes an idea can give birth to a technology, and this has been the case since ancient times.

Zhu Gaochi was also reminiscing.

According to the experience of later generations, 100 catties of ammonia can be made into 4 catties of solid ammonium sulfate, and one mu of land combined with domestic fertilizer, with the minimum amount of 3 catties, can increase the yield of 120 catties of crops.

There are ten coke ovens in the coke refinery, and the coal loading capacity of each furnace is 30,000 catties, ranging from 15 to 23 days, because there is no workshop technology of later generations, and it is impossible to quickly form coke.

In later generations, there were fully automatic production lines, various sets of advanced equipment, accelerated refining speed, and high temperature and cooling technology, which were unattainable in ancient times.

The main principle is the use of high-temperature methods, as well as the isolation of air dry distillation, etc., and now the traditional method of medium and low temperature is used, so the production cycle is long.

The coke refinery of China Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., with a furnace of 30,000 catties, also takes 15 days when the environment is the best.

In the process of firing and cooling, the gas produced, as well as the moisture of the coal, plus the clean water used in the furnace, ten coke ovens can take 7,200 catties of ammonia per day.

That is, 288 catties per day, nearly 300 catties of ammonium sulfate, a month is 9,000 catties, and the annual output is 110,000 catties.

Then it is nearly 37,000 acres of land, an increase of more than 4 million catties of grain.

With the development of industry, when the scale of the coke refinery was expanded to ten times, it was more than 40 million catties of grain.

Peiping's population of 2.6 million is equivalent to an increase of 20 catties of grain per capita.

If the scale is expanded to 100 times, it will be more than 400 million catties of grain, and based on a population of 60 million, it will be equivalent to an increase of 10 catties of food rations per capita.

However, when he became the emperor and developed the industry to the whole country, it would not only increase the ration of ten catties of human settlements.

Without crops such as sweet potatoes and potatoes, it would be difficult to create an agricultural prosperity.

It can only be said that the effect of sweet potatoes is too rebellious.

With an increase of 90 catties of food rations per capita, in an agrarian society, what can compare with these two crops.

This is an ancillary product of the coke refinery, if it is specifically used to make ammonia, Zhu Gaochi shook his head.

It is better to wait for industrial progress to increase the total production of society.

If you take too big a step, you can easily pull the egg.

When the total productivity of the society increases tenfold, Zhu Gaochi has the confidence to build 1,000 coke refineries.

For example, the annual output of coke in later generations is more than 470 million tons of coke, as long as it reaches a fraction of a fraction.

As long as the demand for coke in the Ming market reaches one million tons, Zhu Gaochi will be able to build 1,000 coke ovens and increase 10 catties of grain per capita.

Thinking of this, Zhu Gaochi couldn't sit still, and asked the clerical office to call Wang Ben and Li Er over.

Soon after.

The two came to the office and saw that there was still Xiao Jiu inside, guessing that it was a technical problem.

Zhu Gaochi handed the notebook brought by Xiao Jiu to the two of them, and the two of them looked at it one after another, and it was really about the R&D Department.

"Many of these ideas are good, and they have also given us a lot of inspiration."

"The annual civil iron output of Quanbeiping is more than 5 million catties, and if all coke is used to smelt iron, 2.5 million catties of coke will be needed a year."

"Then the annual sales are 75,000 taels of silver, and the annual profit is between 20,000 taels and 30,000 taels."

"It's a good thing that you're taking the initiative to find ways to increase the amount of coke."

Zhu Gaochi boasted.

Li Er hurriedly boasted to himself and took the initiative to say: "Because of the amount of coke produced by sixty percent, the cost of raw materials has reached one-third. ”

"Even if the amount of coke is increased by one percent, the extra one percent is all profit."

Zhu Gaochi nodded.

Steam engine usage and fuel costs, coking oven coking costs, coke oven fuel costs, as well as plant construction costs, labor expenses, logistics costs.

So the best profit situation this year, the profit is between 11,000 taels and 13,000 taels.

These can be calculated in advance according to the sales scale of the factory, and the production output.

If the market in Jeonbeiping is rolled out next year, coke will be used, plus the recovery of factory construction costs and the improvement of production efficiency.

Next year, the profit of the coke refinery is expected to exceed 20,000 taels.

This is the profit situation after monopolizing the iron-smelting fuel in Quanbeiping, and 20,000 taels is not high, or the result of Zhu Gaochi's initiative to reduce prices.

Two catties of iron and one catty of coke, the market price of two catties of iron is three dollars and two cents, and one catty of coke is only three cents, and the fuel cost of iron smelting only accounts for one percent, which is more than the previous use of charcoal, one catty of iron and seven catties of charcoal, and the fuel cost has dropped by more than half.

Charcoal is in short supply, and the government collects a large amount of charcoal from time to time every year, and there will be a phenomenon of out-of-stock.

The low cost of coke in coke refineries and the stable supply solve this problem.

But the cost of fuel in coke refineries accounts for 20%, which is twice as high as that of iron-smelting fuel, because of pricing problems.

So anxiety is really important.

The same amount of fuel, more coke, brings profits.

(End of chapter)