The eighth issue of the Technical Bulletin.

"Words such as liuli, liulin, glass, and even liuli have become the most frequently used names, and before the Tang Dynasty, they were mostly written as liuli, or as wall displacement."

"I think the name Liuli has a vague origin, and it should be redefined accurately and clearly."

"Beads with a small amount of glass phase, tube beads, dragonfly eyes with or without pottery, transparent or translucent walls, sword ornaments, ear stalls, etc. During the Han Dynasty, glass imported from the Western Regions, also known as glazed glass, included glazed tiles from the Song Dynasty. ”

"The definition of glass is too broad, glass belongs to glass, but glass does not belong to glass, so glass cannot be called glass."

"I think the careful division of glass and glass can be generalized to the rest of the things."

Newspaper room.

More than a dozen craftsmen, quietly flipping through the newspaper, saw this article, many people were inspired in their hearts, and planned to try to define something after they returned.

Several members of the factory protection team patrolled outside the R&D Department, and Zhu Gaochi was in the R&D Department, listening to people's research on gunpowder.

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, gunpowder technology ushered in a new development, and in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, civilian gunpowder was not mentioned, only military gunpowder and actual formulas amounted to more than 90 kinds.

Compared with the Song and Yuan dynasties, the Ming Dynasty had a more reasonable distribution of gunpowder, the quality of gunpowder was further improved, and the combusticity and explosive power also reached a high level.

"Gunpowder is a great advance in civilization." Zhu Gaochi encouraged.

The development of gunpowder in the early Ming Dynasty had only just begun, and he wanted to encourage the R&D Department to invest and research in gunpowder technology, even if it developed to the level of the middle and late Ming Dynasty in advance, it was also a great progress.

The craftsmen showed honest smiles, in front of Zhu Gaochi, no one relied on the old and sold the old, after all, although the little prince didn't do it, his mouth was amazing.

It can often provide some ideas, so that the craftsmen are refreshed, the principle of the steam engine, is proposed by the little prince.

"Before the invention of gunpowder, human military affairs were almost inseparable, and all of them revolved around groping to make the strongest metal, not only as a striking weapon, but also as an individual defense against the impact weapon."

"In the process of moving from bronze to fine iron, from bamboo and wood to iron armor, and even the maturity of gunpowder in the Song Dynasty, the impact was not seen on the surface, but changed the mileage of the military."

"A chemical explosion has led to a new direction of military technology and represents a milestone in civilization."

What is the significance of the use of gunpowder?

It is equivalent to a physical subatomic explosion in later generations, and its properties are to be renewed, because at that time humans never understood any form of explosion.

"Therefore, we think that the technology of gunpowder has a vast space, which cannot be studied in a lifetime, and it is also one of the easiest technologies to produce results."

The craftsmen pondered, while others were tempted to return to the study of gunpowder.

Over the past year, artisans have rushed to patent traditional techniques for rewards and promotions.

At the beginning of this year, the craftsmen changed their direction, and the traditional technique was tried to be made of iron, but in short, it was no longer the same as last year, and it was necessary to study it carefully.

However, the recognition given by the R&D Department is not high, and only new breakthroughs will be highly rewarded.

For example, the invention of the steam engine, the improvement of the application of the steam engine to other industries, the progress of coke refining technology, the forging machine of the iron factory, the new breeding technology of domestic pigs, etc.

If it were an ordinary person who proposed the future of gunpowder, it might not have such a big impact, but the meaning of Zhu Gaochi's proposal would be different.

First of all, the little prince is already sensitive, and his technical talent is like God feeding him, and secondly, the identity of the little prince is high.

While everyone was pondering, Xiao Jiu suddenly said: "The research of gunpowder, each item needs to be submitted to the R&D Department, and it can only be tried after approval. ”

After Xiao Jiu finished speaking, he looked at Zhu Gaochi again, with a serious face, and said seriously: "Gunpowder is very dangerous, and the project of researching gunpowder cannot be placed in the R&D Department, so I suggest finding a special place for studying gunpowder." ”

Zhu Gaochi agreed, Xiao Jiu's statement was very sound.

"Your R&D department will arrange to ensure both secrecy and safety, and to work out detailed safety regulations like coke refineries."

After visiting the R&D Department, on the way back to the office, Xiao Jiu smirked, looking like a fool.

Zhu Gaochi felt amused and said with a smile: "Say it." ”

Xiao Jiu followed, stretched out his head with a flattering look, and said in one go: "The R&D Department has received more and more applications, and has also approved a lot of research, and the funds required have exceeded the standard." ”

In the past, the research of the R&D Department was that the factories provided the raw materials they needed, and after the birth of the grain stamps, the factories needed to be responsible for their own profits and losses.

Factories that are losing money need to be held accountable unless they are caused by problems in the production chain.

Naturally, they were reluctant to provide raw materials for the R&D Division free of charge, so the Finance Department allocated food stamps to the R&D Department every quarter according to the profitability of the factory and included them in the headquarters accounts.

The R&D Department then purchases raw materials from factories through food stamps. In this way, the headquarters feeds the R&D Division.

From the perspective of financial system, it should be more healthy and reasonable.

"Let's go back and find out from the finance department." Zhu Gaochi did not agree.

Although research is important, finance is also important, and no matter what the nature of the factory group, finance has always been the core department.

Xiao Jiu came to him, indicating that he had hit a nail in the finance department.

didn't get the desired result, Xiao Jiu opened his mouth, and finally held back and left with a disappointed face.

He also thought that the little prince would definitely support him, and he was embarrassed to say that he had a quarrel with the finance department for the funding of the R&D department.

Zhu Gaochi returned to the office, and there were already many guests in the waiting room, including mine owners Zhang Dehui, Zhou Yourong, Chen Yu, Zhou Wen, etc., who had been waiting for half an hour.

Every time they come to the headquarters, they are blown away.

With the increase in production in the mining area, there are thousands of miners in their hands, and although the scale of employment is not small, the model is more than one level worse than that of China Heavy Industry.

"Little Lord." Everyone was led in by the paperwork, and they all bowed and shouted enthusiastically.

"Please take a seat."

Zhu Gaochi smiled.

Relying on railway transportation, coke refineries, honeycomb coal chambers, iron works, and the prestige of the royal government, the sales of coal yards were controlled by China Heavy Industries seamlessly.

It can be said that the coal yard in Beiping, although it does not directly belong to China Heavy Industry, but relies on China Heavy Industry.

China Heavy Industries said that whoever can make money, which coal yard owner can make money, otherwise his family's coal mine will not be able to sell.

This method has advantages and disadvantages for coal yard owners, and the disadvantage is that they have lost their control, and they must completely follow the management system of China Heavy Industries.

The advantage is that the production is stable, no one wants to overpower their peers, and they are counting on the share of China Heavy Industry to live.

Therefore, the discerning people among the coal yard owners have long been obediently included in it and have become a part of the industrial chain of China Heavy Industries.

As for those who are not smart, or even unwilling to give up their dominance, they will be eliminated by the market.

There is no need for the government to take action, the blacklisted coal yard owner, left the railway transportation, and orders from other factories, whether it is transportation costs or production costs, are much higher than their peers, there is no price advantage, and they cannot get orders when they are transported to the market.

Therefore, the current coal yard owners are far less arrogant than those in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, even the eunuchs sent by the emperor dare to kill and rebel, forcing the emperor to change his mind.

"You have received a notice about the establishment of the Coal Mining Industry Association, what do you think about this matter?"

This group of people was the largest and most supportive businessman of the coal yard owners, and Zhu Gaochi needed to listen to their opinions.

"Joining the Coal Mining Industry Association is something we are looking forward to." Zhang Dehui smiled and did not make any comments.

The rest of the group chimed in.

Zhu Gaochi didn't think that everyone would be so obedient, and pointed out directly: "Do you dare or really not?" ”

Everyone looked at each other, not knowing how to answer, and hesitated. Say they don't dare, they don't dare; Saying no, they were not convinced.

"You have cooperated with China Heavy Industry for several years, and over the years, the two sides have achieved each other, and we have reached the point where we are today."

"The establishment of the Coal Mining Industry Association is not to suppress coal mines, but to promote the development of the coal mining industry."

"The prosperity of the coal mining industry is the nourishment of China Heavy Industry, and China Heavy Industry is also inseparable from the coal mining industry.

Zhu Gaochi did not hide his thoughts, and said: "The working environment of the coal mining industry is difficult to guarantee with the current technical level, so China Heavy Industry has no idea of directly managing coal mines from the beginning. ”

"Therefore, China Heavy Industries uses a cooperative model to let you join the production chain of China Heavy Industries, and you will manage the mining industry."

No one is a fool, and the practice of China Heavy Industry is actually to let the coal yard owners take the blame, and bad things have happened, and the responsibility lies with the coal bosses.

Of course, there are pros and cons, and coal mill owners do get the benefits.

But the extent of this profit is controlled by China Heavy Industries, and without China Heavy Industries, coal yard owners can get more profits.

But on the other hand, China Heavy Industry has ensured the sales of coal yard owners, and it is really necessary to distinguish between right and wrong, and it may not be clear to distinguish.

"Shopkeeper Zhang, some time ago, I heard that there was a disaster in your mining area, and several miners were killed and injured."

Hearing that he was named, Zhang Dehui showed an ugly smile, and he didn't dare to shirk, nodding honestly.

"Each family sent a few taels of silver, according to the requirements of the coal mining industry association, the pension silver is not enough, and the pension standard is 30 taels of silver per person."

The bereavement standards for Ming military households are complex, and one of them stipulates that if a soldier dies in battle, the wife will be paid the full amount for three years.

It was about thirty-six stone of rice, and then for life, three to six buckets of grain per month.

A bucket in the Ming Dynasty was more than eighteen catties, enough for women, children and young children to struggle on the food and clothing line, but it was only enough to eat.

According to the current price, that is, a one-time pension of 18 taels of silver, and the health center will give 128 to 326 taels of silver every year.

The faces of several coal yard owners were dark, and according to this standard, Zhang Dehui had to take out a few hundred taels of silver in one go.

(End of chapter)