The Golden Horde was vast.

The largest capital, the city of Sarai, had a population of nearly 70,000 at its peak.

The city with a population of 70,000 was already a large scale at that time.

A variety of buildings were built, and a large number of craftsmen from various countries and the former Song Dynasty were brought away, which also led to the city of Sarai becoming the largest handicraft workshop base in the region.

There were neighborhoods in the city, and each neighborhood had craftsmen engaged in a certain amount of handicraft production, who had no freedom and became the servants of each taiyoshi, specializing in the manufacture of ironware, agricultural tools, and bronze tools, among which the production of leather and wool textiles was the most developed, and there were also large-scale smelting factories in the city.

Such a dense concentration of workshops, with a population of only 70,000, also shows that the social division of labor has not formed a scale and the productivity is limited, but even so, it makes the Golden Horde a giant existence.

Although there was no shortage of excellent craftsmen in the Golden Horde, they could not be transformed into their own productive forces, and there was no cycle of human resource training system.

For a hundred years.

The division of the Chagatai Khanate in the east, the civil war between the Eastern and Western Chagatai Khanate, and finally the rise of the Timurid Khanate, were originally important Silk Road transit points, but due to the interruption of economic and trade with the East, productivity fell sharply.

Not only did the economy run into problems, but craftsmen also became increasingly scarce and no longer as strong as they once were.

In order to obtain money and goods, the rulers of the Golden Horde had to rely on the kings of the vassal states in various places, especially the Rus' principality, which had not only its own king, but also the state with power.

Such vassal states obviously had potential risks, but the Golden Horde had to rely on the Rus' principalities to take care of local taxes for them and maintain the stability of the Golden Horde.

This is true in the West, and it is also true in the East.

The kingdoms of Armenia, Georgia, Circassia, Goth, Crimea, Crimea, Gothic and others, large and small, as long as they continued to pay respect, the rulers of the Golden Horde promised that the people of these vassal states would never be incorporated into the Golden Horde.

Historically.

The Kazakhs in the east were to secede from the Golden Horde and become an independent state in the middle of the fifteenth century.

At that time, they were supported by the Eastern Chagatai Khanate, Yexian Buhua II and Yunus, and carved out their own territory of Kuzibash in Mughulstan for the Kazakhs to live in, and the Kazakhs officially established a state.

Dong Chagatai also did not spend the second time, and it has a lot to do with Sha Michagan, who is now following the Ming Dynasty to fight.

Historically, Shami Chagan's father, Hei's son, was the Great Khan of Eastern Chagatai.

The two fathers and sons rebelled against the invasion of Hami for the Ming Dynasty, and the Ghost Power Red Khan was a force split from Warat, who poisoned and killed Anke Timur, the loyal king of the Ming Dynasty in Hami.

At that time, it was the period when Timur's power was the strongest, and in order to protect himself, Shami Chagan's father sent Timur a lot of materials to supply Timur's westward expedition.

And Timur is dead, the Timurid Khanate is fragmented, and Shami Chagan wants to use the power of the Ming Dynasty to conquer the Timurid Khanate in the west and restore the old domain of the Chagatai Khanate.

It's just that Zhu Di persuaded him.

Zhu Di is not a fool, it is impossible to let Shamicha Gan annex the Timurid Khanate, otherwise it will be a greater threat than the Timurid Khanate, so Zhu Di told him to judge and act.

Soon, Chagan, a tea fan, died, and his younger brother Ma Ma was canonized by the Ming Dynasty to inherit the throne.

Later, Mahama died, and his nephew Nahei lost only Han continued to be canonized as Khan by the Ming Dynasty, but Nahei lost only two years of reign before he was killed by his cousin Crooked Si.

Crooked thinking stood on his own as Khan, that is, the Crooked Khan in history.

After that, the political situation in the Eastern Chagatai Khanate was turbulent, and the battle for the throne between the Crooked Khan and his uncle Ma Heima, who had lost his son, was endless, but it was also during this time that the Kazakhs were given the opportunity to become bigger.

After the death of Crooked Khan, his two sons also continued to fight with Hanus.

He also gave the Kazakhs land to the Kazakhs, not only to win over the other party, but also to appease them in order to win the battle for the throne, but unfortunately he died soon, and the Kazakhs based on this, they wantonly annexed the land of the second and revived it with chicken and eggs.

The shoe is on the other foot.

Prince Shami Chagan has become the consolation envoy of the Ming Dynasty, and the Mulu around the Samarkand region can be regarded as the fulfillment of Prince Shamichagan's "historical" wish.

But what's the matter.

The Mongols' westward expedition not only brought with them a large number of production materials and craftsmen from the East, but also included the systematic system and culture left in the border areas during the pre-Tang Dynasty, which materially and economically satisfied the foundation for the birth of advanced civilization.

Therefore, those natives who were still wild and uncivilized during the Song Dynasty have gradually formed their own culture and racial concepts over the past hundred years.

Therefore, the power of the Kazakhs still began to rise.

This process of rise was also based on the fact that the Golden Horde could not bind the localities, and it can be said that the time and place were favorable, and everything was ready.

The fire really came unexpectedly, and in the land of Astana, with 2,000 cavalry, 8,000 Kazakh cavalry were defeated, giving the Kazakhs a heavy blow, and they saw such tactics for the first time.

In fact, Kazakhstan originally belonged to China.

Kazakh means "to break away" and "to migrate" in Turkic.

Their main ethnic group is the Wusun Kingdom, which dotted one of the green carpets in the Western Regions during the Han Dynasty.

In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the Wusun tribe and the Yueshi tribe successively migrated to the Qilian Mountains, and soon fought for the territory, but the Wusun was defeated, and the leader was difficult to die in battle, and the remnants were attached to the Xiongnu.

In the early years of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Wusun Kunmo (leader) Hunt Jiaomi (the son of Difficult to Conquer), who was raised by the Xiongnu military minister Shan Yu, made a comeback, defeated the Dayue clan, and incorporated some of the Sai people and Yueshi people who had not yet had time to escape, and established their own exclusive territory, the Wusun Kingdom.

It is one of the 36 countries in the Western Regions.

After the death of the military minister Shan Yu, Kunmo no longer obeyed the orders of the Xiongnu, and even interrupted the previous tribute, and the relationship between the two sides took a sharp turn for the worse, which also laid the groundwork for Wusun to turn closer to the Han Dynasty under the pressure of the Xiongnu.

The Han Dynasty established the capital of the Western Regions, not only did the Xiongnu surrender to the Han Dynasty day by day, but also became the highest administrative and military governor in the Western Regions, and even the Tang Dynasty's management in the Western Regions can be regarded as China's land since ancient times.

It's just that.

The stars are changing, and things are not people.

Historically, not only have they been regained, but there have also been large amounts of permanently lost land in the west and north.

Since the end of the Tang Dynasty, there has been no Han Chinese in this land for hundreds of years, and the Han people have either been killed or assimilated by the local people.

However, one thing that cannot be changed is that no matter which force comes to power, it must be close to the Eastern civilization and obtain trade with the Eastern civilization in order to maintain its own economic development.

A subsistence agrarian society is not something that any country can easily achieve.

Therefore, after the Kazakhs established the kingdom, they set up the capital in Almaty, and it was not until the Russian invasion that the capital was moved to Astana after modern times, not only to facilitate Russian control, but also to try its best to block the influence of the East on the Kazakh Kingdom, just as the Western powers did the same thing in Southeast Asia.

Today, Russia is still a principality, a vassal state of the Golden Horde, the control of the Golden Horde is declining, and the Kazakhs are facing the Ming Dynasty's troops, and they are completely defeated.

Danbenireth had a heated argument with Jarek.

"Daming is strong, we should take refuge in Daming."

Jarek proposed.

In the previous fiasco, some people wanted revenge, and some people judged the situation and felt that they needed to rely on the Ming Dynasty.

"The Ming Dynasty is stronger than the Golden Horde, and it is the choice of smart people that we can get more benefits if we return to the Ming Dynasty as soon as possible." Jarek's proposal was approved by many people.

"You can't be attached to Daming."

Danbenireth shook his head.

"Why?"

"The Golden Horde is decaying, we can stand on the Golden Horde, let our tribes expand, and the warriors will increase, and depending on the Ming Dynasty, we will never have the day."

Danbenireth was ambitious.

With not only Kazakh blood, but also the blood of the Golden Family, Danbeniri wanted to repeat the glory of the past.

Although he didn't dare to turn his face with the Ming Dynasty, the Golden Horde was thousands of miles away, even if he gave up the land in the east, there was still a lot of land to provide them with life and raising, as long as it took ten or twenty years, he was confident that Kazakhstan would become strong.

"But Da Ming is too powerful."

Some of the leaders worried.

The Han Chinese are here again.

The banner of Daming has been planted in many places, and even they have heard of it, but it is better to meet than to hear, how powerful Daming is, they do not have a clear judgment in their hearts.

Therefore, when they learned that the leaders of the warat split had come to join them, they made the decision to accept Azhan Khan in order to win over the warat forces and expand their own strength.

Huo Zhen fought with them quickly, and left quickly.

He didn't stay in the local area because he defeated their cavalry, because Huo Zhen did not have the strength to manage the local area, and with the shortage of materials, Huo Zhen did not stay in the local area for a moment in order to avoid risks.

Such a situation gives them more options.

"Otherwise, let's go west."

There was a proposal to return to the Golden Horde.

There was a principality that not only grew from small to large, but also became more and more famous, and became one of the largest kingdoms in the Golden Horde, and it was not controlled by the Golden Horde.

Who doesn't want such a good benefit.

Denbenereth's proposal suited the appetite of many chiefs, and it was much better to be the boss than the younger brother.

The two sides did not quarrel because of different opinions, and were divided into two, with Danbeniret and some of his chieftains heading west to return to the Golden Horde, while Jarek sent an envoy to Samarkand to meet the Ming Emperor.

——

There are three types of people in the city of Samarkand.

One is the Ming people, the other is the local hired laborers, and the other is the captives.

In these years of warfare, the Ming Dynasty captured a large number of defeated prisoners in Central Asia, and the prisoners of war who were captured because of the defeat were not released, but became slaves.

Daming is very civilized and does not kill people indiscriminately.

The prisoners of war had two meals a day, one in the morning, one at noon, no food at night, no work when they had to sleep, what else to eat, they got up at dawn to work, and the sun went down to the camp.

The prisoner camps were strictly militarized.

The eunuch stewards transferred from the eastern Liaodong region had developed management experience and played a very good role in the management of the local captives.

Liaodong ordered a ban on the eunuch trade in Goryeo on the grounds of violating morality, but because of the interests of the eunuchs, there were still some trading houses in Goryeo that were still engaged, but the scale and size had been greatly reduced.

Those who wear red sleeves are eunuch stewards, those who wear white sleeves are prisoner workers, and those who wear blue sleeves are prisoner of war camp supervisors, and the camp is clear at a glance.

In the entire Samarkand region, there were more than 200,000 prisoners of war.

In the morning, the prisoners of war finished their pilaf, only the eunuch stewards and the overseers used chopsticks, and the prisoners did not feel insulted, they used their hands to eat and wipe their buttocks every day, and they had a clear habit of doing what they did with their left hand and what they did with their right hand.

The overseers of the Wa Kingdom had separate tables with not only rice, but also salted dried meat, and while eating beautifully, they looked at the prisoners of war with contempt, and they thought that these people were uncivilized monkeys.

In the morning.

According to the arrangement of the Daming Industry Bureau, some of the prisoner camps of each battalion built cities, some built houses, some planted trees, some dug wells, some paved roads, some went to open up wasteland, some went to dig ditches, and some went to build weirs and embankments on lakes.

There are also stone quarryers, mining and other hard work.

In order to provide food and drink for more than 200,000 prisoners of war, he also tried to supply food to Samarkand in all provinces, which was a large expense, but considering the convenience of the Golden State model, Samarkand still adhered to this plan.

These work processes are all too familiar to the eunuch stewards, they are more experienced than the Ming people, and they know how to control the slaves.

Five years later.

The capital of Samarkand has changed dramatically.

The streets of the city were in good order, and because of the scarcity of raw materials, not too many buildings were built in the city, but more mud houses were built out of clay and stone.

Some wealthy people, especially those who have migrated from the mainland, have spent a lot of money to buy white paint from the mainland and paint the walls to make their houses look tidier.

Painting the walls of his house became a symbol of the local upper class.

"With hundreds of acres of land per household, relying on the infrastructure of slave laborers and local hired workers to supplement their productivity, the migrated people are no worse than the people in the mainland, but not as prosperous as the mainland."

"The minister has sent a message to the imperial court, hoping that the imperial court will vigorously support the construction of Samarkand's cultural and sports industries, such as drama theaters, opera houses, etc., the construction facilities are easy, but what is lacking is people."

Hu Guang, the governor of the seven provinces, stood respectfully in front of Zhu Di and reported the results of Samarkand.

The songs and dances of the Western Regions were famous in the Tang Dynasty.

But that was during the Tang Dynasty.

Now it's the Ming Dynasty.

Before the Ming Dynasty, the Western Regions had long since declined, even the Western Regions, not to mention the western regions of Central Asia.

Zhu Di nodded.

The role of his coming, the greatest effect, was to promote the integration of the seven western provinces and the interior, which was his advantage as emperor, and the rest was to counter the rebellion.

Those tribes who are unwilling to accept kinghood.

Since he resists civilization, he is a barbarian in Zhu Di's eyes, and since he is a barbarian, then don't talk about civilization.

The firstborn set was too slow.

Zhu Di likes to be neat.

Glancing at Huo Zhen, Zhu Di patted the other party's shoulder.

"You kid, you're bad at learning."

Zhu Di laughed.

Hearing Zhang Fu's story of Huo Zhen pushing down the wheel, Zhu Di couldn't cry or laugh.

Huo Zhen on the side lowered his head shyly, looking embarrassed, like a child who had made a mistake, and it was exactly the same as in Beiping back then, which made Zhu Di more and more emotional. (End of chapter)