Chapter 37 The Fragmentation of the Scientific System
He loves his ancestors too much, and he still can't forget the glory of his ancestors' donkey cart drift.
Lu Yijian, Fan Zhongyan and the others were almost a little nervous.
Zhao Zhen's face was even darker.
No matter how Zhao Guangyi is, he is also his grandfather, and Zhao Jun arranges his grandfather every day, which is too much.
And Zhao Jun is still a descendant of the Zhao family, although he is not sure whether it is the line of Taizu or the line of Taizong, but he is also the descendant of Xuanzu, how can he despise his ancestors?
Zhao Zhen clenched his fists, looking at Zhao Jun's hateful appearance of lazily leaning on the recliner blindfolded, he wanted to punch him hard, but after his hand was raised, he quickly let it go.
Because he looked at it, he found that Zhao Jun was about 5.7 feet tall (180), and his body was very burly.
Look at his little arms and legs, his height is only five and a half feet (174), a head shorter than Zhao Jun, really do it, the guards are all 100 meters away, can these old men around him hold Zhao Jun?
So I hesitated, but I still didn't make a move.
Well.
We are Renzong, we have to be generous!
Zhao Zhen took several deep breaths, and then calmed down.
Fan Zhongyan replaced Yan Shu as the field controller, and quickly changed the topic: "Let's continue to talk about mathematics." ”
Zhao Jun continued: "Mathematics is not only the foundation of science, but also the backbone of industry. ”
"In the early years, our country can be said to be poor and white, that is, a large number of patriotic scientists who studied in the West have returned to China, coupled with the help of the big brother of the Soviet Union, it has changed from an agricultural country to a heavy industrial country in just a few decades."
"Although these patriotic scientists come from various fields, what they have in common is that they are very good at mathematics."
"Qian Xuesen is a doctor of aviation and mathematics, Deng Jiaxian has been studying mathematics and English since he was in high school, and Hua Luogeng is the vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a world-renowned top mathematician."
"Therefore, it is precisely with the construction of these patriotic scientists that there can be a large base of heavy industry, and under the compulsory education of the whole people, there are many high-quality talents. Today, it is the world's largest industrial power, leaving Eagle Sauce behind. ”
"The only pity is that we started too late, the West entered the Age of Discovery in the fifteenth century, colonized the world, coupled with the Renaissance and the Enlightenment emancipated the mind, opposed feudal superstition, advocated scientific development, cultivated scientific soil, and started the industrial revolution two hundred years ahead of us."
"Through the Industrial Revolution, the scientific and technological power of the West has developed rapidly, and the ships are strong and the guns are sharp, and the colonization is carried out by force. Quickly monopolized global trade and completed the accumulation of primitive capital. ”
"In the late Qing Dynasty, our country was reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and we missed this opportunity. After World War II, the Eagle Bear carved up the world, and then the Mao Bear disintegrated, and the Eagle Sauce family became dominant, forming the current world pattern of one super and many powers. ”
"But even so, we have built a strong country step by step, surpassed many developed countries in the West, reached the second place in the world in terms of comprehensive national strength, and completed many achievements that have attracted worldwide attention. All this is because our country has a large number of science and engineering talents, and there are a large number of excellent mathematicians. ”
"So if children study math hard and lay a foundation in science, they will be admitted to a good university in the future, and they will definitely find a good job after graduation. Uncles, studying is very important, how much money can you earn by going out to work? Only by reading can we have a better future. ”
Zhao Jun frothed at the mouth and talked about the role of mathematics, as the boss of science, mathematics has a pivotal position.
He hopes that the villagers will realize the importance of reading, and that the parents in Nini Village will not prevent their children from going to school like most parents in Daliangshan, and let them go out to work when their children have not graduated from junior high school, so that the children can have a brighter future.
It's just that his hard work is obviously in vain, and everyone is thinking about how to use science to be rich and powerful. Zhao Zhen was even more curious and asked: "Teacher Zhao is a pillar of the country, I don't know how much Yuelu is now?" ”
Zhao Jun: "......"
The only young man in the village, Vazamugo, found himself hating him more and more.
It's really a pot that doesn't mention which pot.
"I found out that your little comrade's ideological consciousness is so low? It's called dedication, and you know that dedication? ”
Zhao Jun remembered his teaching subsidy of up to 600, tears in his heart, and even more heartbroken: "As a party member, I came to teach voluntarily, and the state provides food, clothing, housing and transportation, so it is customary to raise money." ”
Am I mentally conscious?
Zhao Zhen was unhappy again, and said, "Didn't Mr. Zhao say that if you study well, you can make more money?" I asked what was wrong with how much a teacher earned? ”
"Isn't every part of the country rich and strong, isn't our village a poor village?"
Zhao Jun replied: "It is precisely because of poverty that high-quality talents like me are needed to come over and help everyone get rid of poverty." I have come to develop the cause of education, which is a task assigned to me by the organization. You little comrade, don't always drill into the eyes of money, and I heard that you are the only young man in the village, you have hands and feet, it is good to go out to work, don't be idle in the village all day. ”
Oops, you say I'm idle?
Zhao Zhen's temper clenched his teeth, stomped his foot fiercely, and then ..... Then he sat still, clasped his hands around and went angry.
"Yes, yes, Mr. Zhao came to our village to teach, it is a task sent by the state, and it is vulgar to raise money."
Lu Yijian hurriedly changed the topic and said: "Then again, Mr. Zhao, you said that if we were in ancient times, such as the Song Dynasty, could we develop a mathematical level and derive the industrial revolution?" ”
"Ancient?"
Zhao Jun thought for a while and said, "I'm afraid it's more difficult." ”
"Why?"
"Because of the system, the system, and the natural environment."
"Can you tell me?"
Lu Yijian asked, and everyone was also curious.
Zhao Jun said: "Let's talk about the system first, in fact, our ancient level of mathematics is actually quite high, "Zhou Ji Xiao Jing" already has an open square, "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" and "Nine Chapters of the Book of Numbers" are algebra, geometry, rational numbers, irrational numbers, pi, trigonometric functions, ahead of the West in the same period for more than a thousand years, until the Renaissance was surpassed. ”
"Then why was the West able to develop the industrial revolution first, and overtake in a straight line in mathematics, physics, chemistry and other fields, accumulating huge advantages?"
It is because the ancient science of our country did not form a system, such as mathematics, Chen Zi answered Rong Fang's question in the "Zhou Ji Xiao Jing" and mentioned that the distance from the sun was found by using the Pythagorean theorem and the prescription technique, but there was no prescription procedure, only saying "the prescription is divided". ”
"Almost all of the content in "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" and "Nine Chapters of the Book of Numbers" is how to calculate, and the answer is directly obtained, and basically does not involve proof of principle. When Zhu Shijie listed the equations in the stacking formula, he did not derive them, but directly quoted them as common sense. It can be seen that the mathematical system at that time was not perfect, and the intermediate derivation part was missing. ”
"To put it simply, one plus one equals two, and everyone knows it. But why one plus one equals two was not explored in our ancient times, but became a common sense. This is definitely not a problem, mathematics is a subject based on logical reasoning. Through logical deduction and induction, it establishes a rigorous proof system of mathematical theorems and inferences, and cannot simply give results. ”
"Therefore, although the level of mathematics in ancient times was relatively high, due to the fact that the intermediate derivation and proof process was often omitted, it was very difficult for ordinary people to learn and it was not easy to popularize. Even for those who specialize in mathematics, everyone only knows the beginning and the result, and misses the intermediate steps. ”
In mathematical deduction, the process of derivation is more important than the correct answer. If you only write the answers in the math test, you will be given a maximum of two points. Therefore, ancient Chinese mathematics only has questions and answers, and lacks intermediate proofs. ”
"This has caused a major lack of mathematical system, and not only mathematics, but also physics and chemistry have lacked the spirit of inquiry in ancient times. When Newton saw the apple fall to the ground, others would naturally think it was common sense. But he can think, why did Apple land? Then the gravitational force of the earth was discovered and the law of gravitation was derived. ”
Therefore, in conclusion, if our ancient mathematical system is to be perfected, mathematicians must have the spirit of inquiry to explore why this formula is true. Only by laying a good foundation and a solid foundation for mathematics can it be possible to extend physics and chemistry and lay the foundation for the industrial revolution. ”
In fact, the level of mathematics, physics, and chemistry in ancient China has always been not low, and the achievements of Liu Hui and Zu Chongzhi in the field of mathematics cannot catch up with Westerners at the same time.
In terms of physical astronomy, Liu Hong, an astronomer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, perfectly calculated the time of a return year, as well as the pulley, lever, lathe, and hydraulic facilities of mechanics are very complete, and even the first person of manned aviation rocket is Tao Chengdao of the Ming Dynasty, and the "Wanhu Mountain" on the surface of the moon is named in honor of Tao Chengdao.
Not to mention chemistry, gunpowder, petroleum, copper making, cinnabar, steelmaking, iron smelting, etc., are recorded in Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Bi Tan" in the Song Dynasty.
So why couldn't the Industrial Revolution be developed when ancient Chinese science and technology were far ahead of the West?
Lin Yifu, a well-known economist, believes that this is a reflection of the difference between China and the West in their treatment of science and technology, the most typical of which is that the West is dominated by experimental science and technology, while the East is dominated by practical value.
For example, when he saw an apple fall to the ground, Newton would associate it with gravity. Others, on the other hand, will only see an apple, go up and pick it up and eat it.
This kind of saying is pragmatic at best, and lacking theoretical inquiry at worst. People only see apples falling to the ground, but they don't know why they fall to the ground. This is an important drawback for scientific research, because science itself needs to be explored.
Therefore, Zhao Jun believes that if he agrees with Lin Yifu's views, then it will be difficult to form a scientific system in ancient China.
Moreover, Lin Yifu's point of view is also correct, ancient Chinese science really only has a beginning and an end, and there is a serious lack of intermediate derivation and proof process, so it is difficult to establish industry with such a mutilated and incomplete system.