CHAPTER XIII

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1. Enterprises should judge whether there are signs of impairment of assets at the balance sheet date

2. If there are signs of impairment of the asset, an impairment test should be carried out to estimate the recoverable amount of the asset

Indications of impairment of an asset are a necessary prerequisite for an asset to be tested for impairment, with the following exceptions:

(1) Goodwill and intangible assets with an uncertain useful life

Goodwill and intangible assets (non-amortization) with an indefinite useful life formed by business combinations should be tested for impairment at the end of each year due to the fact that their value is usually highly uncertain, regardless of whether there is any indication of impairment

(2) Intangible assets that have not yet reached the usable state should also be tested for impairment at the end of each year due to the fact that their value is usually subject to great uncertainty

3. Enterprises should follow the principle of materiality when interpreting the signs of asset impairment to determine whether it is necessary to estimate the recoverable amount of assets. According to this principle, the recoverable amount of an enterprise's assets may not be estimated if they have the following circumstances:

(1) If the calculation results of the previous reporting period show that the recoverable amount of the asset is much higher than its carrying amount, and there is no transaction or event that eliminates this difference after that, the enterprise does not need to re-estimate the recoverable amount of the asset at the balance sheet date

(2) The calculation and analysis of the previous reporting period shows that the recoverable amount of the asset is not sensitive to one or more of the impairment indications listed in the asset impairment standard (the impairment indication has no impact on the enterprise), and if these impairment signs occur again during the reporting period, the enterprise can re-estimate the recoverable amount of the asset without the appearance of the above-mentioned impairment signs on the balance sheet date. Instead of them were two middle-aged men in black suits, and a little boy behind them with a blank face, who was looking at a few people curiously.

The little boy is naturally Hu Xian, the son of Hu Shouyu and his wife, and once the asset group lying in bed is determined, it should be consistent in each accounting period and cannot be changed at will

If it is necessary to change the composition of the asset group due to the reorganization of the enterprise, the change of use of assets, etc., the enterprise may make the change, but the management of the enterprise shall prove that the change is reasonable and shall make a corresponding explanation in the notes

2. Impairment test of asset group

If the recoverable amount of the asset group is lower than its book value, it indicates that the asset group has incurred an impairment loss, and it should be recognized differently, at this time, it looks much more lively, but the figure is a little flickering, and it seems to be about to disappear For B and C, although there is an active market for the products they produce, the cash inflow of B and C depends on the distribution of products between the two factories, and the management of B and C in production capacity and sales is unified, therefore, it is difficult for B and C to generate cash flow separately. It is therefore difficult to estimate the recoverable amount separately

Therefore, only the combination of three factories A, B and C (i.e., enterprise A as a whole) is likely to be a combination of the smallest assets that can be identified and can basically generate cash inflows independently, so that the combination of A, B and C is considered an asset group.

The two enterprises that are closer to each other produce a single product and only have three factories, A, B and C. The three factories are located in three different countries, which in turn are located on three different continents. Plant A produces a component, which is assembled by plant B or C, and the final product is sold by B or C around the world, e.g. the product from plant B can be sold locally or in continent C (if it is more convenient to ship the product from B to continent C)

Combined, the production capacity of B and C is still surplus and has not been fully utilized. The extent to which B and C are utilized depends on the distribution of the products sold by enterprise A between the two places

The following identify the asset groups related to A, B, and C, respectively

(1) Assuming that there is an active market for the products (i.e., modules) produced by A, A is likely to be identified as a separate asset group, because although the products it produces are mainly used for B or C, they should generally be identified as a separate asset group because of the independent cash flows that can be brought by the existence of an active market for the products. In determining the present value of its future cash flows, the company should adjust its financial budget or projections to base the projections of future cash flows on the best estimate of the future prices of the products produced by A on an arm's length basis, rather than on its internal transfer prices

For B and C, even if there is an active market for the products assembled by B and C, since the cash inflows of B and C depend on the distribution of the products between the two places, the future cash inflows of B and C cannot be determined separately, so the combination of B and C is a portfolio of assets that can be identified as producing cash inflows that are substantially independent of other assets or asset groups. B and C should be identified as one asset group. When determining the present value of the future cash flows of the asset group, the company should also adjust its financial budget or forecast, and base the projection of future cash flows on the best estimate of the future price of the products purchased from A under the premise of arm's length trading, rather than its internal transfer price.

"These two are messengers from the underworld, and there is a more popular saying in the human world, called black and white impermanence." It seemed that knowing Su Jianxia's doubts, Wei Ziqi quickly explained.

Su Jianxia nodded, "I thought that black and white impermanence were one black and one white." ”

"Times are changing, and there is always a uniform to be uniformed." Wei Ziqi was stunned for a moment, but still gave a plausible explanation, "Similar to within the system." ”

Su Jianxia nodded, (2) Special circumstances when estimating the recoverable amount of assets (no need to estimate at the same time)

1. The fair value of the asset less disposal costs and the present value of the asset's expected future cash flows, as long as one exceeds the carrying amount of the asset, it indicates that the asset has not been impaired, and there is no need to estimate another amount

2. In the absence of conclusive evidence or reason that the present value of the expected future cash flows of an asset is significantly higher than its fair value less the net amount of disposal costs, the net amount of the fair value of the asset minus disposal costs can be regarded as the recoverable amount of the asset

3. If the fair value of an asset less disposal costs cannot be reliably estimated, the present value of the expected future cash flows of the asset shall be used as the recoverable amount

2. Estimate of the fair value of the asset less the cost of disposal

The fair value of an asset, net of disposal costs, typically reflects the net cash income that would have been recovered if the asset had been sold or disposed of

1. The fair value of an asset refers to the price that a market participant would have to pay for the sale of an asset or the transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction that occurred on the measurement date. Fair value shall be determined in the following order:

(1) Negotiated price for the sale of assets in arm's length (with agreement)

(2) the market price of the asset (no agreement, but there is a market)

(3) The transaction price that the two parties to the transaction who are familiar with the situation voluntarily conduct a fair transaction and are willing to provide

If an enterprise is unable to reliably estimate the fair value of an asset less disposal costs, the present value of the expected future cash flows of the asset should be used as its recoverable amount

2. Disposal costs refer to the incremental costs that can be directly attributed to the disposal of assets, including legal fees, relevant taxes, handling costs, and direct expenses incurred to make assets marketable, etc., however, financial expenses and income tax expenses are not included to express understanding, and soon put his eyes on the little boy who was staring at him, bent down and beckoned, "Hello little friend, your name is Hu Xian, right?" ”

Hu Xian blinked, "How do you know?" ”

"Because your parents told me that." The asset impairment standard stipulates that if there is an indication that an asset may be impaired, an enterprise should estimate its recoverable amount on the basis of a single asset

In the event that it is difficult for an enterprise to estimate the recoverable amount of a single asset, the recoverable amount of the asset group should be determined on the basis of the asset group to which the asset belongs

(1) Definition of asset group

An asset group refers to the smallest asset portfolio (composed of multiple assets) that an enterprise can identify, and the cash inflows generated by it should be substantially independent of other assets or asset groups

The asset group should be composed of assets related to the creation of cash inflows

(2) Factors that should be considered in determining the asset group

1. The determination of the asset group shall be based on whether the main cash inflow generated by the asset group is independent of other assets or the cash inflow of the asset group. Therefore, whether an asset group can independently generate cash inflows is the most critical factor in determining an asset group

Example: A mining company owns a coal mine, which is matched with the production and transportation of the coal mine, and has a special railway. Unless the railway is scrapped and sold, it is difficult for it to generate a separate cash inflow from other assets related to the coal mine in its continuous use, so it is difficult for the enterprise to separately estimate the recoverable amount of the special railway, and the special railway and other related assets of the coal mine must be combined into one asset group to estimate the recoverable amount of the asset group

In the identification of the asset group, the products (or other outputs) produced by the combination of several assets of the enterprise have an active market, regardless of whether these products or other outputs are used for external sale or only for internal use of the enterprise, indicating that the combination of these assets can independently create cash inflows, and if other relevant conditions are met, the combination of these assets should be recognized as the asset group Seeing Xia squinted and smiled: "They asked my sister to take you home." ”

"Does my sister know my mom and dad?" Hu Xian couldn't help but take a few steps forward, his eyes full of surprise.

Su Jianxia reached out and grabbed Hu Xian's hand and pulled him from the side of black and white impermanence, black and white impermanence glanced at each other, as if they wanted to say something, but after seeing Wei Ziqi's gaze looking at the two of them, he immediately closed his mouth.

"Of course my sister knows, your father's name is Hu Shouyu, and your mother's name is Cheng Lianzhi, right?"

"Yes, yes, sister, I haven't seen my parents for a long time, and these two uncles said that I will never see them again, is it true?" Hu Xian had just become excited, and suddenly frowned, and he was a little sad.

Su Jianxia rubbed Hu Xian's head, "Of course not, if you listen to your sister, your sister will take you back to your parents, okay?" ”

Hu Xian raised his head in surprise, nodded again and again, and said, "Sister, don't worry, I will definitely listen to my sister, my mother said that I am the most obedient child." ”

"Of course my sister believes in you." Su Jianxia stood up and stretched out his hand to pull Hu Xian behind him.

"Lord Ziqi, this ......" Looking at Su Jianxia's actions, Black and White Impermanence finally couldn't help but ask out loud.

"I'm going to take this child's soul away, and if things can't be resolved in a few days, you can come and take him to reincarnation." Wei Ziqi's voice was soft, but it gave the two of them an unmistakable feeling.

The two hesitated for a while, but they still said cautiously, "Lord Ziqi, you also know the rules of our underworld, after death, people should be sent to the underworld for reincarnation...... What's more, in this child's life and death book, his life ends today, which is his life. ”

"I don't say it a second time." Wei Ziqi's voice gradually became cold, "Go back and tell you that Hades, just say that I mean." ”

The two gritted their teeth, as if they wanted to say something more, when an invisible pressure suddenly hit from above, pressing the two to their knees and unable to move.

The two of them have only been in the underworld for more than a hundred years, although they have already seen the deeds of this adult in some ancient mythological biographies and historical records, but now that they have faced it in person, they have realized how terrible this adult is, and just their own coercion is almost overwhelming.

"I'm sorry, Lord Ziqi, we'll report it truthfully when we go back." After squeezing this sentence out of his mouth with difficulty, the pressure on the two of them slowly dissipated.

Black and white impermanence glanced at each other, didn't dare to look at Wei Ziqi more, bowed his head and saluted before his figure dissipated in place.

After Su Jianxia looked at the black and white impermanence and left, he patted Hu Xian's shoulder, "Can you sleep obediently first, and when you wake up, you can see your parents." ”

Hu Xian blinked, a little puzzled, "Why do you wake up to see it?" ”

"Regardless of the general principles of recognition and measurement of asset impairment losses

1. If the recoverable amount of an asset is lower than its book value, the book value of the asset shall be written down to the recoverable amount, and the amount written down shall be recognized as an asset impairment loss, which shall be included in the current profit or loss, and the corresponding asset impairment provision shall be made at the same time

2. After the asset impairment loss is recognized, the depreciation or amortization expense of the impaired asset shall be adjusted accordingly in the future period

3. Once the asset impairment loss accrued in this chapter is recognized, it shall not be reversed in subsequent accounting periods. Provision for asset impairment accrued in previous periods can only be transferred out when the asset is disposed of

4. What can be reversed from the provision for bad debts, the provision for inventory decline, the provision for impairment of certain financial assets, deferred income tax assets, assets held for sale, the cost of contract acquisition, the cost of contract performance, etc., just listen to my sister's words, didn't you just say that you would listen to your sister? ”

"I know my sister." Hu Xian nodded, "But what if I can't sleep now." ”

"It's okay, you close your eyes1 Since at the end of 2000, the carrying amount of the ship (which has not yet recognized the impairment loss) was 160 million yuan, and its recoverable amount was 109.65 million yuan, and the book value was higher than its recoverable amount, therefore, the impairment loss should be recognized and the corresponding asset impairment provision should be made

Asset impairment loss that should be recognized = 16,000-10,965 = 5,035 (10,000 yuan)

Borrow: Asset impairment loss 5035

Credit: Provision for impairment of fixed assets 5035

(4) Estimated future cash flows in foreign currencies and their present value (discounted first and then converted)

(1) The future cash flows generated by the asset are estimated based on the settlement currency in which the future cash flows are generated, and the present value of the asset is calculated at the discount rate applicable in that currency (first discounted to the present value of the foreign currency)

(2) The present value of the foreign currency is converted at the spot exchange rate on the date on which the present value of the future cash flows of the asset is calculated, so as to convert it into the present value of the future cash flows of the asset expressed in the base currency of accounting (which is then converted into the base currency of accounting)

(3) On the basis of this present value, compare the fair value of the asset less disposal costs and the carrying amount of the asset to determine whether and how much impairment loss needs to be recognized. For the purposes of asset impairment testing, the discount rate used to calculate the present value of future cash flows of an asset should be the pre-tax rate that reflects the current market time value of money and the asset-specific risk

2. The determination of the discount rate shall first be based on the market interest rate of the asset. If the market interest rate for the asset is not available from the market, an alternative rate can be used to estimate the discount rate

3. When estimating the present value of future cash flows of assets, companies should generally use a single discount rate. However, if the present value of the asset's future cash flows is sensitive to risk differentials in different future periods or the term structure of interest rates, the company should adopt different discount rates for different future periods

(3) The projection of the present value of the future cash flows of the asset

On the basis of the estimated future cash flows and discount rate of the asset, the present value of the future cash flows of the asset can be determined after the enterprise discounts the estimated future cash flows of the asset according to the estimated discount rate over the expected useful life of the asset

【Example】XYZ Shipping Company conducted an impairment test on an ocean-going shipping vessel at the end of 2000. The book value of the vessel is 160 million yuan, and the expected service life is 8 years

The fair value of the vessel minus disposal costs is difficult to determine, so the company needs to calculate the present value of its future cash flows to determine the recoverable amount of the asset

Assuming that the funds used by the company to purchase the ship are long-term bank borrowings with an interest rate of 15% per annum, the company considers that 15% is the minimum necessary rate of return for the asset, taking into account the time value of money and the specific risks associated with the asset. Therefore, when calculating the present value of its future cash flows, 15% is used as its discount rate (before tax)

The financial budget approved by the company's management shows that the company will update the ship's engine system in 2005, and it is expected to incur a capital expenditure of 15 million yuan, which will reduce the fuel consumption of ship transportation and improve the use efficiency, so it will improve the operational performance of the asset (improve the expenditure, regardless of it). ”

Su Jianxia squinted and smiled, and lightly 4. Methods for estimating the future cash flow of assets on the top of Hu Xian's head

(1) Traditional law

Projecting future cash flows of an asset should generally be based on the most likely future cash flows generated by the asset in each future period. That is, the present value of the future cash flows of an asset is calculated using a single projected future cash flow for each period and a single discount rate

(2) Expected cash flow method

The future cash flow of an asset should be estimated based on the expected cash flow of each period, which is weighted by the cash flow and its occurrence probability under various possible circumstances

【Example】The remaining service life of a fixed asset of an enterprise is 3 years, assuming that the products produced by the fixed assets are greatly affected by market fluctuations, the annual cash flow of the enterprise is expected to be in the next 3 years as shown in the following table.

Wei Ziqi waved his hand lightly, and the surrounding space fluctuated again, Hu Shouyu and his wife reappeared in place, turning around the room with a nervous face, and the little boy in Su Xia's arms also turned into an imperceptible light and returned to Hu Xian who was lying on the bed.

"Mr. Wei, Miss Su, you just ......" Seeing Wei Ziqi and Su Jianxia, who suddenly disappeared and reappeared in place, Hu Shouyu and Cheng Lianzhi were stunned in place.

Su Jianxia did not answer the question that the management of the enterprise should make the best estimate of the entire economic situation during the remaining useful life of the asset on the basis of a reasonable and evidence-based basis, and base the projection of the future cash flow of the asset on the latest financial budget or forecast data approved by the management of the enterprise

(2) However, for the sake of data reliability and ease of operation, the estimated cash flow based on the budget or forecast covers a maximum of 5 years, and the management of the enterprise can cover a longer period if it can justify a longer period.

(3) If the projection of the future cash flow of the asset also includes the cash flow after the most recent financial budget or forecast period, the enterprise should estimate it on the basis of a stable or decreasing growth rate in the years following the budget or forecast period. However, if the management of the enterprise can justify the incremental growth rate, it can be estimated on the basis of the incremental growth rate

2. What should be included in the projected future cash flow of the asset

(1) Expected cash inflows from the continued use of the assets

and (2) projected cash outflows necessary to achieve cash inflows generated during the continued use of the assets

(3) The net cash flow received or paid for the disposal of the asset at the end of its useful life

【Attention】

For intangible assets under construction or development, when estimating the future cash flows, an enterprise should include all the cash outflows expected to occur for such assets to reach their intended usable (or saleable) status

3. Factors that should be considered in estimating the future cash flow of the asset

(1) Estimate the future cash flow of the asset based on the current condition of the asset

It should not include questions about projected future cash flows related to possible future restructurings that have not yet been committed, or asset improvements, but rather to Hu Xian, who was lying on the bed, "Go and see, your son should have woken up." ”

Hu Shouyu and Cheng Lianzhi glanced at each other, and the two didn't have time to think about it, so they hurriedly ran to the bed, nervously looking at Hu Xian, whose face gradually turned from pale to ruddy, and his eyes widened.

It didn't take long for Hu Xian's fingers to move, and at the same time he let out a violent cough before slowly opening his eyes.

"Daddy, Mommy." Seeing the two familiar faces on the side of the bed, Hu Xian cried out with a "wow".

"Xian'er!" Cheng Lianzhi couldn't control his emotions anymore, tears welled up, and he hugged Hu Xian on the bed tightly in his arms, for fear that he would lose this beloved son again.

Seeing the mother and son hugging each other, Hu Shouyu's eyes were also a little moist, although he stretched out his hands, he still stopped in mid-air after hesitating, and the void hugged the mother and son, and then quietly wiped the corners of his eyes, then stood up gently and walked in front of Wei Ziqi and Su Jianxia.

"Mr. Wei, thank you for the impairment of an asset which means that the recoverable amount of an asset is less than its book value

If an asset is impaired, the asset impairment loss shall be recognized and the carrying amount of the asset shall be written down to the recoverable amount

Book value = cost of assets - accumulated depreciation (accumulated amortization) - accumulated impairment provisions

1. The scope of asset impairment

The assets covered in this chapter are usually non-current assets of the enterprise, including:

1. Long-term equity investments in subsidiaries (controlled), associates (significant influence) and joint ventures (jointly controlled).

2. Investment real estate that adopts the cost model for subsequent measurement

3. Fixed assets

4. Productive biological assets

5. Intangible assets

6. Goodwill

7. Discover the rights and interests of oil and gas mining areas and wells and related facilities

2. Signs and tests of asset impairment

(1) Judgment of signs of asset impairment

Enterprises should judge whether there are signs of possible impairment of assets on the balance sheet date, mainly from external sources of information and internal sources of information to judge my son rescued, this child is too important to our husband and wife, me and Lian Zhi are such a child, this is also the only bloodline of the Hu family, if something happens to him, then the Hu family will really be separated. Hu Shouyu looked at the cost of obtaining inventory by other means

1. The cost of the inventory invested by the investor shall be determined in accordance with the value agreed in the investment contract or agreement, unless the value agreed in the contract or agreement is unfair. In the event that the value agreed in the investment contract or agreement is unfair, the fair value of the inventory shall be regarded as its recorded value

2. Implement the relevant standards on the cost of inventories acquired through non-monetary asset exchanges, debt restructuring, business combinations, etc

3. The cost of inventory is recorded at replacement cost

(4) Inventory obtained through the provision of labor services

The cost of inventory acquired through the provision of services is determined on the basis of the direct labour and other direct costs of the personnel engaged in the provision of services, as well as the indirect costs attributable to the inventory

【Attention】

The following expenses shall be recognized as profit or loss for the current period when incurred, and shall not be included in the cost of inventory

(1) Direct materials, direct labor and manufacturing expenses (loss of scrap exceeding the quota, loss due to natural disasters) (non-operating expenses)

(2) Storage costs incurred after purchase and warehousing (excluding storage costs necessary to reach the next production stage in the production process)

(3) Other expenses not attributable to bringing inventories to their current premises and condition

(4) When an enterprise purchases specific commodities for advertising and marketing activities, and fails to obtain the goods by prepaying the payment to the customer, it shall be accounted for as prepaid accounts, and shall be included in the profit or loss (sales expenses) for the current period when the relevant commodities are obtained. The services obtained by enterprises in the nature of advertising and marketing shall be handled in accordance with this principle

【Example】Company A is a beer production enterprise, in order to thank the agents who have distributed its products for many years, with the approval of the board of directors, in 2016, each agent who has reached a certain sales volume in the past 3 years will be equipped with a refrigerator free of charge, according to the agreement between Company A and the agent, the ownership of the refrigerator belongs to Company A, and it will be provided to the agent free of charge within the expected service life, and Company A will not take it back, nor will it be converted for other purposes. Company A provided 500 refrigerators to agents, each worth 10,000 yuan, with an estimated service life of 5 years and an estimated net residual value of zero. Company A uses the average life method for the depreciation of the same type of fixed assets used by the Company. Regardless of other factors, the following statement about the accounting treatment of refrigerators provided by Company A to agents for free is correct (D)A

A. The acquisition cost of refrigerators is included in the current income statement as a sales expense in 2016

B. Because he could not control the physical object of the refrigerator and its use, he recognized the acquisition cost of the refrigerator as an intangible asset and amortized it over five years, and bowed deeply.

Wei Ziqi shook his head, "I'm just temporarily bringing his soul back and resealing it in my body, but this is not a long-term solution, the only way to solve the problem is still the two paths I told you last time."

Now the situation of your family should be more serious than you told us, you and your wife should also be infected with this disease, the whole family of young adults has been killed and injured more than half, the elderly, women and children are a little better, but they should not last long, if it were not for your son is dying, you should not have called me this call. ”

Hu Shouyu lowered his head, his expression was a little painful, "I know, I am too selfish, for my own selfish desires, for my own interests, I don't care about the whole family, I say that I can't let the family decline, but I still don't dare to stand up when the family encounters such a big disaster, I'm just a coward." ”

"It's too late to say this now, it's not easy to save your son for the time being, and the rest, whether you can stop things from developing in a more serious direction depends on your own choice." Su Jianxia glanced at Cheng Lianzhi, who was holding Hu Xian beside the bed and was unwilling to let go, and sighed, "You still have a wife and children, although it is also a very unfair thing to let you sacrifice, but some things always need someone to sacrifice." ”

"It's just that I don't understand, after so many years, why it's me." Hu Shouyu hugged his head.

"The sins sown in the past life will always be repaid in this life." Wei Ziqi said for no reason.

Hu Shouyu was stunned for a moment, and looked up at Wei Ziqi, "Mr. Wei, what did you just say, the sin of the previous life, does this have anything to do with my previous life?" ”

Wei Ziqi didn't answer, "That's not the point, let's talk about your choice, whether you want to make a blood contract with that jade statue, or break this contract that has entangled your family for thousands of years." ”

This time there was a long silence, Hu Shouyu stood in place, his expression struggling, he opened his mouth several times, but he didn't say anything.

Wei Ziqi and Su Jianxia were not in a hurry, the two of them found two chairs in the room at random, one closed his eyes and began to recuperate, and the other took out his mobile phone and began to watch videos, such a tense atmosphere seemed to have no effect on them.

After about an hour, Hu Shouyu shook his numb legs, and took a step forward with some trembling, ready to tell the two of them about his decision.

"Daddy."

Hu Xian's crisp voice interrupted Hu Shouyu's footsteps, Hu Shouyu looked down at his son holding his thigh, and asked curiously, "Dad, where are you going?" ”

Hu Shouyu rubbed the transportation costs, loading and unloading costs, insurance premiums, and other expenses attributable to inventory procurement costs incurred by commodity circulation enterprises in the process of purchasing commodities

(1) It shall be included in the cost of inventory procurement

(2) It can also be collected first, and apportioned at the end of the period according to the inventory and sales of the purchased goods

(1) For the purchase cost of sold goods, it is included in the cost of main business

(2) For the purchase cost of unsold goods, it is included in the inventory cost at the end of the period

(3) If the purchase cost of the goods purchased by the enterprise is small, it can be directly included in the sales expense when incurred

(2) The cost of processing and obtaining inventory

1. It is composed of procurement costs, processing costs, and other costs

2. Inventory processing costs are made up of direct labor and manufacturing expenses

Manufacturing expenses refer to the indirect costs incurred by enterprises in the production of products and the provision of services. Manufacturing expenses are indirect production costs, including employee salaries, depreciation expenses, office expenses, water and electricity expenses, loss of machinery and materials, labor protection expenses, repair costs of fixed assets in the workshop, seasonal and repair period shutdown losses, borrowing costs that meet the conditions for capitalization incurred for the production of products, and amortization of self-developed or purchased intangible assets used in the production of products.

【Attention】

1. Handling of storage fees

(1) The storage costs incurred in the process of inventory procurement shall be included in the procurement cost of inventory

(2) The storage expenses incurred before the inventory is purchased and put into storage shall be included in the profit or loss (management expenses) for the current period

(3) The storage expenses necessary for the inventory to reach the next production stage in the production process shall be included in the production cost

2. The design expenses that can be directly determined for the design of products for specific customers are included in the inventory cost, and the design expenses of general products are included in the profit or loss for the current period

【Example】Company A is a manufacturing enterprise, and the following expenses or losses incurred in its daily business activities should be included in the inventory cost (B)

A. Salary management expenses for warehouse custodians

B. The manufacturing expenses incurred during the seasonal shutdown son's head, try to make himself smile naturally, "Dad went out with his uncle and sister to do some errands, and soon came back." ”

Hu Xian tilted his head to look at Wei Ziqi and Su Jianxia, who were sitting not far away, and his eyes lit up, "Dad, I have seen this uncle and sister, it seems that in my dream, the two of them are so powerful that they brought me back from the two bad guys." ”

Su Jianxia raised his head, met Hu Xian's gaze, squinted and smiled, "I still remember my sister." ”

Hu Xian hurriedly nodded, "Sister, you said that I can see my parents if I am obedient, but now I really see it." ”

"Sister doesn't lie, now your dad is going out with his sister, just now those two bad guys are still in the vicinity and haven't gone far, let's go with your dad to get them away." Su Jianxia coaxed the child seriously.

"Dad, is it true?" Hu Xian looked at Hu Shouyu with an innocent look on his face again.

"Of course it's true, only by driving out all the bad guys will Xian'er no longer be in danger." Hu Shouyu nodded, quickly looked away, and didn't dare to look at Hu Xian again.

"Will Daddy come back?"

"Of course it will, Dad also said that he would take Xian'er to the beach to see dolphins in the future, and Dad will definitely come back."

"Then Daddy has to talk the talk!" Hu Xian nodded heavily, and then let go of Hu Shouyu's thighs.

"Okay Xian'er, come to Mom, don't keep pestering Dad." Cheng Lianzhi, who had been beside the bed, also walked over and gently pulled Hu Xian behind him, holding Hu Shouyu's hand tightly with his other hand.

"Husband, I know that this matter may not be so easy to solve, but no matter what decision you make, I will support you, but before making a decision, you have to remember that there are still me and Xian'er waiting for you at home."

Looking at the worried eyes of his wife, who was with him day and night, Hu Shouyu knew that she must have guessed that something bad would happen, but she still chose to support herself without hesitation.

Thinking of this, Hu Shouyu only felt that his emotions were a little uncontrollable, and quickly turned his head, not daring to let his wife and son see his tears, and then squeezed his wife's hand heavily to signal her not to worry, and then strode towards Wei Ziqi and Su Jianxia.

Su Jianxia sighed and handed Hu Shouyu a piece of paper.

Hu Shouyu thanked him, took the paper and wiped his tears, then lowered his head and said, "I know it may be selfish to say this, I have already made the decision to sacrifice myself to sign a blood contract with the woman in the jade statue, and the family can continue to prosper, but I still have a wife and children, they are the people I love the most in this world, and I don't want to be separated from them like this." So Mr. Wei, I would like to ask you, can you help me break this contract forever. ”

The nature of the inventory and the conditions for its recognition

Inventory refers to the finished products or commodities held by an enterprise in its daily activities for sale, the products in the production process, and the materials and materials used in the production process or the provision of services

The ultimate purpose of the inventory held by the enterprise is to sell, and the inventory includes: raw materials, products in process, semi-finished products, finished products, commodities, turnover materials, materials in transit, commodities issued, commissioned processing materials, commissioned goods, etc

【Attention】

1. The materials reserved for the construction of fixed assets cannot be used as the inventory of the enterprise (engineering materials: non-current assets)

2. The enterprise accepts the substitute products processed and manufactured by foreign raw materials and the substitute repair products processed and repaired by other units, and after the manufacturing is completed or the repair inspection is collected into the warehouse, it shall be regarded as the finished products of the enterprise

3. The real estate development enterprise and the land use right purchased for the construction of commercial housing belong to the inventory of the enterprise

4. In the case of consignment goods, the ownership of the consignment goods has not been transferred to the consignee, so the consignment goods cannot be recognized as part of the consignee's inventory. Therefore, when filling in the "inventory" item in the balance sheet, the two items of "consignment goods" and "consignment goods" are offset by an increase and a decrease, and are not listed as the inventory of the entrusted party

【Example. Multiple choice questions] The following items should not be included in the balance sheet inventory items are (AB)BC

A. Materials that are entrusted to other units for processing

B. Accept raw materials for processing

C. All kinds of materials and engineering materials prepared for the construction of the project

D. The land use right of real estate development enterprises for commercial housing under construction

2. Initial measurement of inventories

Inventories should be initially measured at cost. Inventory costs include procurement costs, processing costs, and other costs

(1) The cost of purchased inventory