Why has it been since World War II that the world's autocratic states have basically disappeared, and the vast majority of monarchies have basically become constitutional monarchies?

This is a question worth pondering, perhaps because the foundation of the monarchy, that is, the divine authority of kings, is not stable, and people are not as ignorant as in ancient times.

It may also be because most of the countries in Europe and the United States transformed into democratic republics after the two wars, and under the strong cultural export and influence of these two regions, many colonies after World War II followed the example of Europe and the United States after independence, and implemented democracy, and republics also sprung up at this time.

But it cannot be denied that one reason is that the old aristocracy had a very deep impression of the oppression of the people, for example, the Tsarist Empire, which directly broke out in the war, overthrew the royal family, and even executed the monarch, is a typical representative of the oppression of the people by the aristocracy.

In addition, Tsar Nicholas II resolutely participated in the world war regardless of the emotions of the Russians, and the defeat in the previous war caused heavy losses to the Tsarist Empire, which naturally made the already turbulent situation of the Tsarist Russian Empire even more chaotic.

The oppression of the masses at the bottom by the monarch and the landlord class represented by the monarch, that is, the various aristocracy of the West, led to the decline and disappearance of the monarchy after the war.

Coupled with the rise of the capitalists, the hatred of the workers and the common people for the exploitation of the capitalists was very effectively transferred to the monarchy, resulting in the new class workers being extremely hostile to the monarch and the monarchy, which is also a major reason for the decline of the monarchy.

But this is not often seen in Australia, although Australia is also regarded as an absolute monarchy, including the current Australia and New Zealand Commonwealth also adopt absolute monarchy, but the federal royal family does not oppress the people, but also formulates various welfare policies.

Workers across the federation earn more than the average annual income of the federation, so will workers still hate the royal family?

In Australia, at least, Arthur is most grateful to the poor and the workers who are given relief by the royal family.

The royal family gave these poor people hope to live, as well as the hope of a better life for these emerging working classes.

Although these people don't understand any big truths, they can also make simple comparisons. After the comparison, it is clear who is good to them and who is bad to them.

This is Arthur's means of gaining the hearts and minds of the people to consolidate his dominance, and as long as the benefits brought by the royal family to the people are higher than those of the rest of the country, it will be clear to people that the royal family will at least not oppress them.

Without the hatred of oppression and exploitation, there would be no hostility to the royal family and the monarch by the emerging classes, and the Australian monarchy would not be shaken by it.

This is also the advantage of a new country, if a country like the Tsarist Empire reforms, it will face not only the hatred and distrust of a large number of new classes, but also the opposition of the aristocratic class it represents.

Even if the tsar wanted to change and solve the contradictions in Russia, would the nobles who had been pampered for hundreds of years agree?

The aristocracy would not give up their privileges for the sake of the untouchables, and after hundreds of years of accumulation, the aristocracy was a large group that could fully influence the Tsar.

This is also the reason why the reforms of many countries in history have ultimately failed, because they cannot solve the huge interest groups that have been formed, so the reforms are only superficial.

While various reforms and measures of the Commonwealth of Australia and New Zealand were in full swing, the war in the far north and far east of Australia was also gradually heating up.

The Tsarist Empire moved quickly, at least in terms of accountability.

A month after the outbreak of the war, the Russian Empire quickly dismissed General Tasker, who had shown himself to be useless in this raid, and replaced the last famous general of the Russian Empire, Makarov.

As for why the commander was changed only a month later, it was because Lieutenant General Makarov rushed to the Far East, and it would also take at least a month.

Lieutenant Admiral Makarov, whose full name is Stepan Ospovich Maklov, was a well-known naval general, military theorist and scientist of the Russian Empire.

Vice Admiral Makarov originally held the post of Commander of the Navy in the port of Kronstadt in St. Petersburg.

As early as the eve of the outbreak of this war, General Makarov sent a letter to the Admiralty of the Russian Empire, warning that war between the Russian Empire and the island nation was imminent, and suggested that the Pacific Fleet anchored outside Port Arthur should be assembled and ready for a possible attack.

But General Makarov, because of his straightforward character, offended most of the officers of the Admiralty.

This led to the fact that the Admiralty did not heed Makarov's suggestion and even threw it directly in the trash, after receiving the letter.

But unexpectedly, the next day, the Pacific Fleet of the Tsarist Empire was attacked, and two battleships were heavily damaged.

The original Pacific Fleet still had a slight advantage over the warships of the island countries, but after being attacked, it became the combined fleet of the island countries that gained the advantage.

This defeat infuriated the Imperial Government of Tsarist Russia, and immediately ordered Vice Admiral Makarov, based in St. Petersburg, to go to the Far East to replace Stark, the former commander of the Pacific Fleet.

By the time Makarov arrived in the Far East, it was already March 7, 1904, a month later.

After taking office urgently, Makarov took a series of measures to prevent a possible second attack by the island nation, and the fleet also made a large-scale sortie, laying a large minefield along the coast of Liaodong to prevent the island country from a possible landing and sneak attack from the rear of the Lushun fortress.

In order to prepare for a possible battle, Makarov also strengthened the defense of Port Arthur, while stepping up the repair of some lightly damaged warships, and strengthened the combat readiness training of the navy.

The Vladivostok fleet, under Makarov's orders, also made several sorties to interfere with the sea communications and transportation lines of the island countries, which to a certain extent dispersed the pressure on the island countries on the port of Arthur.

These policies were extremely effective in gathering the morale of the soldiers of the Tsarist Empire, and Makarov personally led the team several times, which also made the officers and men of the navy doubly recognize the new commander.

The most troublesome thing for the island country is that the new commander of the Tsarist Russian Empire, after thinking about it for a long time, the island people finally came up with a very insidious solution.

Why did the Pacific Fleet become extremely difficult in such a short period of time? Isn't it because of their new commander Makarov?

Since the Pacific Fleet cannot be solved in a short time, it is better to solve Makarov directly, isn't this the same as solving the Pacific Fleet in disguise?

In line with this mentality, the island nation secretly sent warships to lay a large minefield in Arthur Harbor, preparing to lure the Tsarist Empire into war at the right opportunity, and use this minefield to solve the really capable General Makarov.

The second more, ask for support!

(End of chapter)