Chapter 459: The Rising New Aristocracy and the Conferral of Military Merit
Before the representatives of the peace talks arrived in London, the venue of the peace talks, the countries were also methodically counting their casualties and war attrition.
Compared to Russia, which is more chaotic, other European countries are the fastest in statistics.
The Entente mobilized 29.14 million troops, with a total of 14.21 million casualties and 5.11 million deaths. The total number of civilian casualties was 15.15 million, with 4.11 million deaths.
The Allies mobilized 15.32 million troops, with a total of 9.4 million casualties and more than 4.1 million deaths. The total number of civilian casualties was 9.75 million, and the total number of deaths was 2.32 million.
Although there is certainly a certain difference between the statistics and the reality of each country, judging from the severity of the First World War, it should be only a small amount.
It can also be seen from the data that the military is the most casualty of war, but it also has a great impact on civilians.
Even most countries do not count the number of people who die of starvation, after all, such a thing is disgraceful for the government.
The war has been won anyway, and who cares about the non-combat death of civilians in the war?
According to the casualties counted by various countries, the most tragic country in World War I should be France, with a total of more than 1.2 million soldiers killed and more than 4 million wounded.
Civilian casualties in France ranged from 600,000 to 700,000, after all, a large amount of French territory was occupied during the war, and the attitude of German soldiers towards the French people was not destined to be very good.
The second highest casualties were in the Russian Empire, with more than 1.8 million soldiers killed and more than 5 million wounded, with civilian casualties ranging from about 2 million to 3 million.
It is worth mentioning that more than 1 million Russian troops were captured, and these people are not counted in casualties. Coupled with the fact that Russia's statistics are actually rather confusing, there are still a large number of casualties and civilians that have not been counted, which makes France the country with the largest casualties.
According to real data, the Russian casualties far exceeded those of the French, and even the number of people who died of starvation was definitely more than a million.
The next two countries with the highest casualties were Germany and Austria-Hungary, both of which suffered more than 5 million casualties.
More than 2.2 million German soldiers were killed and 4.5 million were wounded. The Germans suffered fewer civilian casualties than France and Russia, as the fighting only spread to Germany in the last few months.
Civilian casualties in Germany were only about 150,000, of which more than 100,000 were wounded or killed on the Eastern Front.
The casualties of Austria-Hungary were not much worse than those of Germany, after all, Austria-Hungary was beaten by Russia in the early stage of the war, and even several army groups were completely annihilated.
The death toll of Austro-Hungarian soldiers was as high as 1.35 million, and the casualties of soldiers were as high as 4 million, almost all of whom were wounded. Austria-Hungary suffered about 800,000 to 1 million civilian casualties, making it the second largest country after Russia.
This was followed by the British Empire, with about 1 million soldiers killed and about 1.9 million wounded, with few civilian casualties, after all, the war did not reach the British mainland.
Australasia is the sixth-deadliest country, with Italy ranking seventh, with more than 300,000 soldiers killed and more than 600,000 wounded, trailing Australasia by 20,000.
In addition to the five major powers of Britain, France, Russia, Australia and Italy, the remaining Allied countries, including the United States, did not suffer too high casualties.
The average casualty in the Balkan countries is around 100,000, and Belgium has more than 100,000 casualties.
In addition to this, none of the other countries suffered more than 100,000 casualties, and they are not destined to distribute much benefit.
This list of casualties was initially counted by various countries, and was originally used for verification by the outside world, and later was used to strive for more interests at the peace negotiation table.
But in reality, many of the casualties in this list are not taken seriously by governments, such as the indigenous army in Australasia, who do not receive the Australasian pension policy.
Of course, Arthur will also fulfill his promise to send these soldiers and their families to other regions, and give them a certain amount of severance pay.
The severance pay is around $50 to $200, but they have some things to settle down in their new home.
The 08,000 soldiers who died in the regular army and the 17,000 soldiers who were injured will also be compensated and rewarded accordingly.
The casualty figures of the regular Australasian army show that it was the indigenous soldiers who suffered the war on Australasia's behalf.
In addition to Australasia, the British Empire was in the same situation as Australasia, with more than half of the casualties being Aboriginal soldiers, and the real British main force suffered casualties, although they also had casualties, but only less than a third of the total casualties.
According to Australasia's pension system, the total casualties of 25,000 will cost the government and the royal family nearly 7 million Australian dollars as a pension.
Among them, the government and the royal family each contribute half, that is, about 3.5 million Australian dollars, which is not a large expenditure for the government and the royal family's finances, and it is completely acceptable.
Although most of the soldiers had not yet returned home safely, Arthur ordered the government and the royal consortium to urgently prepare the pension funds for distribution to all soldiers as soon as possible.
In addition, the Ministry of Defense will also provide a certain subsidy for all soldiers participating in the war, with an average subsidy of about 50 to 60 Australian dollars per person, which is also an expenditure of up to five or six million Australian dollars.
Of course, the rewards of the government and the royal family are much more than that. For the meritorious soldiers, they will also receive fields, titles, medals, and more rewards, which is also the Australasian version of the military merit field.
Anyway, Australasia and the major colonies have a large amount of undeveloped land, and it is a waste to leave these lands vacant, so it is better to hand them over to these meritorious soldiers to develop.
These people will also be used as a class under the nobility to benefit from military exploits, similar to the knights of the European Middle Ages, the royal family and the aristocratic class in disguise.
In order to make the soldiers better choice, the pensions and rewards given to the soldiers can also be flexibly replaced.
For example, the rewarded field can be replaced with funds equivalent to the field, and the funds can also be replaced with fields of equal value.
And the military merit is cumulative, because this time the award is awarded and it is cleared. As long as the accumulated military merits reach a certain level, they will be awarded knighthoods.
According to the military merit grant program given by the government and the Ministry of National Defense, the average soldier can get about 3 acres of land, which is more than 1.2 hectares.
This is only a reward for the soldiers who participated in the battle, and after making military achievements of various sizes, the area of land obtained will also increase rapidly.
Accumulated to about 150 to 200 hectares, the military industry reached the point where knighthood could be awarded.
From 1000 hectares to 1500 hectares, the title of baron can be awarded. 8,000 to 10,000 hectares can reach the viscount, 30,000 to 50,000 hectares can be granted to the count, and 100,000 hectares can be the duke.
A duke is basically the highest rank of nobility that an ordinary soldier can achieve by accumulating military merits, and then there is theoretically a prince, but this rank can only be obtained by royal descendants.
In fact, 100,000 hectares is definitely not small, that is, 1,000 square kilometers, which is equivalent to a smaller county.
Moreover, the land obtained by these military merits is permanent, and a nobleman who has obtained a duke by virtue of military merits can become a rich man by virtue of his own land.
While honorary nobles like Sir are not hereditary, the land is permanent, which is Arthur's reward for all those who have contributed to the country and the royal family.
Because it is a reward, there is a lot of flexibility in awarding military merits. The royal family and the government usually chose a large area for collective fiefdom to ensure that the land acquired by the soldiers was connected to each other, and to avoid the embarrassing scene of the east and the west.
Theoretically, a person who receives a land reward can apply to the government for a land exchange every 15 years to gather as much land as possible.
Of course, changing the address can exchange land for the same area at the same price, so as to prevent some people from taking advantage of the government.
In order to better train the new nobility of Australasia, Arthur will establish a school of nobility after the division of soldiers, and educate the descendants of the new nobility well, so that they can become the pillars of the country and the royal family, rather than just greedy for pleasure.
The aristocratic school also allowed the descendants of the new nobility to unite and form a complex network of relationships between the nobility and the nobility, all of whom were dependent on the rule of the royal family, becoming a powerful but subordinate aristocratic class.
In order to improve the rights and status of the new nobles, Arthur also deliberately stipulated that except for the crime of treason and the crime of harming the interests of the royal family, all other crimes could only be overridden by the nobleman himself, not by the title of notoriary.
In other words, for all crimes other than these two crimes, only the nobleman who committed the crime could be executed, and the title could not be directly revoked.
This also means that as long as it does not endanger the interests of the country and the royal family, even if the new nobleman breaks the law, his title can be inherited by future generations, rather than having his title revoked because of a crime.
But if he is guilty of treason and endangering the interests of the royal family, Arthur will not hesitate to revoke the title of new nobleman, after all, the interests of the country and the royal family are the most important.
Under normal circumstances, these new nobles would not be stupid enough to offend the interests of the royal family. After all, all their rights and status come from the royal family, and who would be stupid enough to dig their own foundations?
Moreover, Arthur, as the king of Australasia, wants to dispose of the new nobles of his own fiefdom is still very simple.
After all, treason and endangering the interests of the royal family are just a name, and this name can be attached to any nobleman at any time, as long as Arthur wants to.
It can also be regarded as a means for Arthur to control the new nobles, after all, the forest is big and there are all kinds of birds, and there must always be a final hole card to deal with fools.
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(End of chapter)