Regarding the exploration and development of Antarctica, there was a very famous treaty called the Antarctic Treaty.

The Treaty of Nanking bound the activities of countries on Antarctica, a special continent with no permanent population, and ensured that any exploration and expedition in Antarctica would be for peaceful purposes only.

But before the treaty, there were no restrictions on the exploration of Antarctica, with snow and ice and extreme cold weather being the biggest and only restrictions.

This also has an advantage for Arthur, if he can occupy most of the Antarctic Antarctic long before the signing of the Antarctic Treaty, or even directly occupy the entire Antarctic, the Antarctic will serve as the backyard of Australasia, and the corresponding military facilities can also be deployed to spread Australasia's military influence to the farther region.

As for the abundant marine resources in the waters around Antarctica, as well as the abundant mineral resources on the Antarctic continent, this is an added value, but it is also quite important.

In any case, Antarctica is also a large continent, one of only seven supercontinents on Earth, and the richness of its resources is naturally beyond question.

If Britain and France were to dominate all of Antarctica, Australasia would have the opportunity to become a country that would dominate both continents, an exaggerated feat that no country had ever achieved.

The British Empire, which is as powerful as the empire on which the sun never sets, has never achieved the achievement of monopolizing two continents.

Moreover, Oceania is relatively close to Australia, which is a backyard that can be guarded, and can also provide Australia with a steady stream of mineral materials, and even enrich Australia's tourist attractions.

Australasia only needs to develop these two continents well, and there is no problem at all in becoming one of the superpowers, which is the world level that cannot be beaten.

It is precisely because of such an important factor in Antarctica that not only the Antarctic expedition team was established quickly, but even the preparation of supplies was also very fast, and the expedition team was even able to set off on the third day.

The day before the expedition departed, Arthur met with all the carefully selected members of the expedition.

These include seasoned explorers, able-bodied soldiers, experienced geographers, and hunters skilled in survival skills in the wild.

Among them, the leader of the expedition, Charles Puttle, who is also a famous explorer in Australasia, is the only person who has survived in Antarctica for more than two weeks, which is why he became the leader of this expedition.

The expedition to Antarctica is no joke, and it is possible that the whole army will be wiped out at any time. In particular, this kind of large-scale investigation organized by the government also represents the face of the government to a considerable extent, and naturally it cannot accept the outcome of the total annihilation of the army.

Fortunately, the current exploration of Antarctica is not a secret, and many scientific expeditions have been organized by various countries, which have been able to bring considerable experience to the Australasian expedition team.

The famous British explorer Robert Scott used his personal experience to tell later Antarctic explorers a bloody and tearful lesson, that is, the Antarctic scientific expedition cannot select members who have not survived in Antarctica, and at the same time, it also proves that dogs can indeed bring considerable role to the expedition team in Antarctica.

Robert Scott, who was born into a military family, is quite famous in the field of exploration and one of the pioneers in the exploration of the South Pole.

However, he made two wrong decisions during the exploration of Antarctica, one was that there were no members of his expedition team who had ever been in Antarctica, and the second was that his dog could not stand the cold when he was in Antarctica, which led him to conclude that dogs were not suitable for Antarctic exploration.

The first few Antarctic expeditions were so successful that Robert Scott gained great fame in the UK, and he was even invited by the royal family of other countries to speak in his own country about his expedition to Antarctica.

Even the late King Edward VII was quite pleased with the prestige that Robert Scott brought to the British, and promoted him to commander of the Victorian Royal Cavalry Regiment of the British Empire.

In 1910, Robert Scott prepared to return to the South Pole, intending to be the first explorer in human history to set foot on the South Pole and successfully return.

During this time, he also became acquainted with the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen.

Both men have the same goal, to be the first explorer in human history to reach the South Pole.

But at this time, status and fame were diametrically opposed. Robert Scott was a famous explorer of the British Empire, even in Europe, while Roald Amundsen was an unknown explorer even in his own country, Norway.

The difference between the two men is not just their status and fame, but also their very different approaches to Antarctic exploration.

Because of his previous experience in Antarctica, Robert Scott gave up on using dogs for transportation and instead increased some of his manpower.

But Roald Amundsen is different, compared to Robert Scott's empirical school, Roald Amundsen is more like a practical person, who trained in the extreme north of Alaska early and adapted to the cold weather in advance.

What's more, Roald Amundsen discovered in Alaska a dog that is more adapted to Antarctic exploration, a dog that is more adapted to the cold of polar weather and is more suitable as a transport dog for exploring Antarctica than ordinary temperate dogs.

The opposite of Robert Scott and Roald Amundsen's home base is the number of dogs they have.

In the end, with more dogs with him, Roald Amundsen succeeded in becoming the first explorer to reach the South Pole and return safely, while Robert Scott died on the way back to the base camp, which can only be said to have many regrets.

But Robert Scott would not be able to leave the South Pole with a certain number of dogs.

Because the dogs used in the Antarctic exploration are not only used for transportation, but also for meat in times of emergency, it can ensure that these explorers do not starve to death in Antarctica.

Learning from Robert Scott's lesson, the Australasian Antarctic expedition team is also prepared to carry a large number of hardy dogs, which can be used as transportation and food in an emergency.

As for the division of the entire expedition, in addition to the leader Charles Puttel, there was a geographer, two military personnel and a field survival expert, a total of five people.

Of course, the expedition was not limited to these five people. These five people are candidates for the real attack on the South Pole, and there are hundreds of logistics teams behind them, who will stay in the base camp and logistics supply points respectively, prepare corresponding supplies for the five people who sprint to the South Pole, and be ready to search and rescue at any time.

Compared to the five people who went to the South Pole, the safety of the remaining people was much better, and all they had to do was endure the bitter cold.

But getting to the Antarctic Pole is different, even on an ordinary continent, it is a journey of thousands of kilometers, not to mention the terrain of the Antarctic is completely uncertain and extremely cold.

If the mortality rate of logistics personnel on the periphery is only 10%, then the mortality rate of these people who sprint to the South Pole is as high as more than 90%, and those who can survive are lucky and definitely a small number.

So far, I am afraid that hundreds of people have died in Antarctica, and the number is still increasing.

In addition to the severe cold, the dangers of Antarctica are also a variety of threatening terrain. This, combined with frequent and severe storms, has made Antarctic expeditions one of the most dangerous jobs in the world, even in future generations.

The expedition does not begin at Antarctica, the expedition will train on the periphery of Antarctica for a period of time, then gradually go deeper, and establish corresponding supply points on the way to the Antarctic pole to replenish supplies when returning.

Knowing the danger of Antarctic exploration, Arthur attached great importance to the logistical supply of these people, and personally promised to meet all the requirements of these people in terms of materials.

In addition to supplies, the expedition was accompanied by a number of Australasian flags on its way to Antarctica.

If all goes well, they will be planted in the land near the expedition site with the footsteps of the expedition team, also symbolizing Australasia's footprints in Antarctica.

"Gentlemen, the work you are doing is important work that is of great significance to the country, and can even change the fate of the country.

Australasia is the only great power in the southern hemisphere, and as the closest country to Antarctica, Antarctic exploration should be a part of us, and Antarctica's resources should also be exploited by Australasia.

This is the first time that the Australasian expedition has traveled to the Antarctic Pole, and it represents an impact not only on the Australasian expedition field, but also on the world exploration field.

Succeed or not, you are all heroes of the country, heroes who are worthy of remembrance and have made great contributions to the country.

Before you set out, please answer my question solemnly, are you afraid of the cold climate of Antarctica, and the high mortality rate of exploring Antarctica? Arthur was making the final mobilization.

"Don't be afraid! Unafraid! Unafraid! Many members of the expedition shouted three times, symbolizing their determination.

"Very well, I will be waiting for you in Sydney, waiting for all of you to return to Australasia safely. When I return to Sydney, I will personally celebrate you, you are all heroes of Australasia, heroes worthy of recognition! Arthur nodded with satisfaction and said with a smile.

Fame and profit are the most impressive, and after receiving Arthur's personal assurance, the morale of all the members of the expedition team has greatly increased, and they are full of confidence in this expedition in Antarctica.

The day after Arthur's mobilization, the expedition set off with a large number of supplies for a year-long training on the edge of Antarctica.

There they will adapt to the cold weather of Antarctica, and at the same time set up a base camp and prepare accordingly.

The most important reason for Robert Scott's defeat, in addition to the wrong choice of the Siberian pony as a means of transport, was also a very important reason for the lack of preparation caused by the hasty pursuit of Roald Amundsen.

It can only be said that the long period of praise in Britain and Europe also made Robert Scott attach great importance to the status of the first explorer to reach the South Pole.

This also made him lose his sense of proportion in the exploration of Antarctica, and he hurriedly chased after Roald Amundsen, who had set off ten days early, resulting in a lack of logistical supplies on the way back to the base camp, and finally died in Antarctica.

Australasia's Antarctic exploration does not need to compete with other countries, and the most important thing for the expedition team to do is to maintain a safe premise.

Before the expedition departed, Arthur repeatedly told him that Arthur valued the success of the result more than speed.

Arthur did not want his encouragement to make these people anxious for quick success, and eventually contribute to the failure of the Antarctic expedition.

After seeing off the Antarctic expedition, Arthur was finally able to look away from the South Pole and look at other lands besides Antarctica.

On the other side of the Pacific, Australasia is also home to a large area of black soil, the result of the war between Argentina and Chile.

A long time has passed, but Australasia has always controlled this black land, and even the cultivation has become more and more extensive.

At present, Argentina's black soil provides one-twentieth of Australasia's grain production, and the annual grain production has exceeded one million tons.

This is not a small number, after all, the scale of black soil controlled by Australasia is not large, compared to the extent of black soil owned by Argentina, it is only a fraction of the extent.

Australasia has also improved its relationship with Argentina by virtue of its land cultivation in Argentina, cooperating in land cultivation and grain trade.

This also leads to a very complicated relationship between the three great powers of South America, Brazil should theoretically be the strongest and largest country, but the two competitors, Argentina and Chile, are not weak.

Chile is backed by the support of the British Empire, which not only makes Argentina and Brazil very fearful, but also has the strongest navy in South America.

Argentina, on the other hand, has given up U.S. support after repairing its relationship with Australasia.

After all, at that time, the United States repeatedly promised to provide military assistance, and when Argentina faced a threat, it would eventually deal with it itself.

Whether the situation in South America will worsen is uncertain, but Arthur is still interested in the development of black soil within Argentina.

If Australasia's population is slightly underpopulated compared to the great powers, then countries like Argentina and Chile are even more underpopulated.

However, it is also because of the smaller population that less resource consumption is reduced.

Argentina has a reputation for exporting grain and meat, and although it is not as good as Australasia, it still has a certain status.

For Arthur, it is also necessary to build good relations with countries like Argentina.

It is not about fighting and killing between countries at all, but more about human feelings and various means of diplomacy.

Even if Argentina was once an enemy of Australasia, at this time, because of its completely different status, Argentina can still be a friend of Australasia.

Of course, the relationship with Chile is also important. After the end of the war between Argentina and Chile, the tension between the two countries has decreased a lot, and Argentina has become much more peaceful.

This has also greatly strengthened Chile and become Brazil's biggest competitor.

If it weren't for the disadvantage of land size, I am afraid that Chile might have really seized the opportunity to become the hegemon of South America.

When it comes to South America, we have to mention one country, and that is the United States, which is located in North America.

Although it is not on the same continent, the United States has always regarded South America as its backyard, and it is naturally quite dissatisfied with Australasia's interference in South American affairs.

It's a pity that Australasia's operations in South America were all approved by Britain and France, and even had British and French participation, which the Americans simply could not afford to offend.

This is not the time of the Americans, and the British or French Americans alone may still be able to compete, but Britain, France and Australia will unite and let Washington, the founding father of the United States, have no choice.

In contrast to the British's staunch support for Chile, Australasia does not support a single country in South America, and there is a certain amount of cooperation with the three South American powers.

This is actually quite normal, after all, diplomacy between countries is carried out in accordance with interests. In the absence of sufficient interests, Australasia will never firmly support a country.

Even the reason why the British Empire is so firmly in support of Chile is because of Chile's rich nitrate?

As early as the birth of ammonia technology, Chile's nitrate ore was not so important, which also reduced the support of the British in Chile by a certain extent, and Chile missed the opportunity to become the first power in South America.

Australasia is a multi-country eat-all. For the previous cooperation, it has a good relationship with intelligence. Because of the black soil in Argentina, relations with Argentina have also been repaired.

In addition, Brazil is rich in mineral resources, and Brazil also has import and export trade cooperation in mineral resources.

Although you can't get the allegiance of one country like a little brother, you do get benefits in all three countries, which is a good choice.

The saltpeter mines of Chile, the black soil of Argentina, and the rich mineral resources of Brazil can all be enjoyed by Australasia, and they are also important partners of these countries.

Especially Brazil, as the largest country in South America, Brazil is still quite rich in mineral resources.

Although Brazil is only famous for the Amazon rainforest, Brazil's development potential and national resources are definitely among the best in the world.

In addition to the abundant iron ore that is not lacking in Australasia, Brazil also has a wide variety of rare metals, including a special metal, niobium.

Niobium is a special metal that is relatively rare in the world, and the more famous countries are Brazil and Canada.

Among them, Brazil's reserves are as high as more than 75%, and it is necessary to have a good relationship with Brazil for this.

What's more, Brazil also has quite rich rare earth resources, which is still quite important for future high-tech development.

For example, niobium is usually used as a high-temperature resistant alloy, superconducting alloy and electron tube material, and can also be used in the production of steel.

Although mineral resources can also be grabbed by force, this kind of peaceful development is more stable and sustainable.

After all, Australasia's influence in South America is still not comparable to that of the United States, which is closer to it, and although Australasia currently has the upper hand, the United States will also use various means to undermine the relationship between South American countries and Australasia.

Under such circumstances, maintaining relations with South American countries is doomed to be unconventional.

However, fortunately, the current United States has more important things than winning over South America, and all kinds of complicated things in their country have also made the United States have no heart to look abroad.

5200 words for the third change, ask for a monthly ticket, ask for support!

(End of chapter)