The chaos in the United States was like a bomb that was suddenly ignited, and the scope of the explosion covered the entire United States, as well as the white and black races.

When the last vestige of the government's credibility is lost, chaos in the United States is unimaginable, and it is also beyond the control of any person and no force.

If someone else were to help it, it would be a heavy blow to a country that was less than 200 years old, and even more so to a country that ended its civil war decades ago.

Although the end of the Civil War gave the United States decades of peace and stability, it does not mean that the United States is a strong country twisted together.

After the emancipation, the conflict between blacks and whites deepened, because their role was no longer that of a slave on the estate, but an American citizen who wanted more political rights.

There is no reconciliation between the eastern and western states of the United States, as well as between the northern and southern states, unless there is a president who can be trusted by all Americans to mediate the situation.

But it is clear that the current President Hoover no longer has the trust of the Americans, which is the fundamental reason why the United States is in extreme chaos.

After California announced that it was about to hold an independence referendum, the western states followed suit with their big brother to announce independence referendums.

This also paralyzed the Hoover Dam before construction began, after all, the dam was located in the western part of the United States, and the western states were no longer at the mercy of the U.S. federal government.

Even the Hoover Dam, the biggest political achievement, has not been able to move forward smoothly, and it is fair to say that President Hoover's political career has no chance of reversing.

What's worse is that the U.S. policy of not banning guns hastened the chaos.

The state governments can even have an armed force for a short time, if they want to. Even those dark Ones who are not on the table can obtain weapons in various ways, and civilians who have weapons are no longer civilians.

This, combined with President Hoover's massacre of World War I veterans, resulted in few American soldiers willing to suppress these rebellions for the sake of the government.

Even quite a few soldiers have already expressed their dissatisfaction with the government, and a break between the army and the government seems likely.

At a time when the eyes of the world are focused on the chaos in the United States, another country that is also in chaos is undergoing tremendous changes at this time.

If the United States is the country most affected by the economic crisis, then Germany is certainly the second worst country.

According to the latest estimates of the number of unemployed, the number of unemployed people in the United States has exceeded 12 million, and the number of unemployed people in Germany has reached more than 5 million.

This is a fairly exaggerated level, and it is a testament to how chaotic the economies of the United States and Germany really are.

The dollar remains quite valuable for various reasons, but the mark, Germany's official currency, has already fallen sharply in value, and the current official exchange rate has fallen below 1355:1.

What does that mean? Under the official exchange rate, the pound sterling, whose value has fallen sharply, can still achieve an exchange rate ratio of 1 to 1355, that is, the value of 1 pound is equivalent to 1355 marks.

And this is only the official data, and the real conversion is even more exaggerated, with a ratio of more than 1 to 2000 in most parts of Germany.

This exchange rate has plummeted by more than 100 times compared to before the war, which means that the German people will have to receive more than 100 times the salary they were before the First World War in order to live a similar life as before the First World War.

But the problem is that before the First World War, the per capita income of Germans was about 2,000 marks a year, and now the per capita income is only about 3,000 marks.

Per capita income looks like it has increased, but real purchasing power has plummeted dozens of times. If you add in the rising prices, the income of Germans has been falling wildly for more than a decade.

How exaggerated are prices in Germany?

The first is the price of grain, which has increased more than a year in a year.

Before the First World War, most Germans ate fragrant-looking white bread, which cost around 1.3 marks per pound.

Now, white bread has become a food enjoyed by the German aristocracy and capitalists, and the common people can only eat coarser grains and brown bread, which are cheaper and cheaper.

But even the cheapest brown bread has already cost more than 60 marks per pound.

If it is white bread with a more delicate and fluffy taste, the price per pound is even as high as about 150 marks, and it is still in a state where there is no price in the market and it is impossible to buy it at all.

If a commoner really wants to buy white bread at any cost, it will cost at least 170 marks or more per pound of white bread.

This also means that civilians can only buy a maximum of 20 pounds of white bread in a year's salary, which is about 140 meals.

Such a statistic is already extremely exaggerated, and the income earned by the people's hard work for a year cannot even be done by simple food.

In Germany, there are also a large number of unemployed, as well as the elderly and children who are unable to work at all, which is also a burden on those who work.

According to a survey by some German media, in 1927, the German people spent more than 2,300 marks on food, accounting for 77.8% of the average annual income of German citizens.

What kind of exaggeration is this? Most of the income earned by Germans in a hard year is used to buy food, and there are still a considerable number of people who are in a state of underfed.

If prices in Germany are allowed to continue to rise, not only will the number of unemployed people continue to grow, but also the number of people who are hungry to death will continue to grow.

But the German government at this time was not aware of the problem. Because of Arthur's reminder, Wilhelm II had entered a state of gradual decentralization.

Except for the occasional news that the German royal family gave relief to the people and distributed free food to the people, there was little news of the royal family in German politics.

This was a relief to President Hindenburg, who was in charge of the government, as it represented the end of the struggle for power in the Imperial Government for the time being.

Without the suppression of Wilhelm II, those states jumped out one after another. Some states are constantly printing the mark and frantically increasing their currency reserves.

Some states even abolished the mark outright, such as Bavaria, and issued their own currency.

The actions of these states may have been for them a solution to the economic crisis, and for the German government, it was the last straw that broke the mark.

In 1928, Mark's value was like a surging river, flowing down 3,000 feet, and it couldn't be stopped at all.

Even Hindenburg's multiple strategies could not prevent the value of the Mark from plummeting like a cliff.

In January 1928, the exchange rate between the pound sterling and the mark remained at 1:1300, but by February, the exchange rate between the pound and the mark had grown to 1:1500.

It is worth mentioning that the value of the pound did not rise during this time, and even fell slightly.

This also means that the value of the mark has fallen much more than the current exchange rate, and the new year is not destined to be good for the Germans.

Sure enough, Mark's purchasing power plummeted in March.

This plunge not only brought the exchange rate between the mark and the pound to a terrifying 1750:1, but also caused all prices in Germany to rise, and the price of brown bread per pound also rose to 75 marks.

Although this may seem incredible, it is clear if you count the number of marks printed in each German state.

Because the German government had almost no jurisdiction over the states, the states with sufficient power were also printing the mark with impunity.

As a result, the number of marks circulating in the market far exceeds the demand of the market, and even exceeds the market demand by dozens of times.

What did these Marks do in the first place? Long before the economic crisis, these marks were used as reparations for Germany's defeat to be delivered to the Allies.

However, after the onset of the economic crisis, the German government announced that it would temporarily suspend the payment of reparations. Although this moderated the German economy to a certain extent, the large number of marks printed by the German government and the states were of no use.

Such a large number of marks cannot be used as waste paper, and the states are destined to be unable to withstand such temptations, and it is inevitable that a large number of marks will be put into the market.

The constant decline in the value of the mark was not a big deal for these states, and it was a big deal to print the mark with a larger denomination.

From March 1928 onwards, the denominations of all the marks printed in the states increased to more than 100 marks, and some states also printed 1,000 marks, 10,000 marks and other denominations.

Naturally, the fact that the whole of Germany was frantically printing marks was covered by the media. Some political parties that wanted to attract the attention of the people were angry at the German government and the states for printing the mark, but it did not help the whole story.

In April 1928, a large number of German workers demanded that companies raise their wages, because the purchasing power of wages had fallen sharply in the face of the crazy depreciation of the currency.

It is worth mentioning that the 3,000 marks in January 1928 was equivalent to 6,000 marks in April, which shows the speed of the depreciation of the marks.

Under the pressure of a large number of workers, some German companies have chosen to raise the wages of their workers.

This also led to a sharp increase in per capita income in Germany in a short period of time, from 3,000 marks per capita to 5,000 marks per capita.

But the problem is that the actual purchasing power of the current 5,000 marks is not as good as the previous 3,000 marks, which is the biggest problem facing the German government at present.

As people's incomes increase, so does the selling price of goods. Don't overestimate the conscience of those capitalists, in times of such an economic crisis, the ambition and greed of capitalists also emerge.

The German people, who were still barely fed, soon found that they could not even afford meat on their income, so they had to buy the cheapest brown bread.

The price of all types of bread is also rising, and the price of a pound of white bread even exceeds 300 marks.

The price of the cheapest brown bread also exceeded the expectations of the German public, because the lowest price per pound of black bread was as high as 120 marks in all stores.

3000 words for the first update, ask for a monthly pass, ask for support!

(End of chapter)