Chapter 825: The Spanish Civil War
Because of the wedding of Prince Juan and Princess Anna, the Spanish royal family in exile has become one of the protagonists of European public attention in a short period of time.
At the same time, however, the situation in Spain is not good. The game between the left and the right has made the political situation in Spain very chaotic.
The two sides adhered to the decision of opposition for the sake of opposition, so that Spain's industry and economy have not only not achieved any growth since the demise of the country, but have also fallen into extremely embarrassing and bad negative growth.
For the Spanish aristocracy and haciendas, such a chaotic situation did not have much impact.
After all, most of Spain's land and resources are controlled by these classes, and government turmoil doesn't really matter to them.
But for ordinary Spaniards, the turmoil in government order has seriously affected their quality of life.
Although Spain has come out of the shadow of the economic crisis, this does not mean that the Spanish economy has ushered in a recovery after the economic crisis.
On the contrary, after the end of the economic crisis, Spain's economic order has become even more chaotic.
Especially after the demise of the country, any policy formulated by any government will soon be completely rejected after the next government takes office.
Sadly, since the outbreak of the revolution in 1931 and the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic, Spain has experienced 28 governments in about three years, with an average term of office of only about one month.
This is an exaggerated statistic, and it shows how chaotic Spain was at this time.
Officials know that their tenure is short, and it is naturally impossible for them to go to great lengths to tailor some national development policies.
In any government, they have focused their energies on internal attrition and struggle, which has also exacerbated the contradictions within Spain.
By now, the contradictions between the various classes in Spain have become so acute that they have reached a point where they are irreconcilable at all.
The first was the contradiction between the new Spanish Republic and the old landlords and the aristocracy.
The history of the Kingdom of Spain was so long that it led to the birth of a large number of large landowners and a large aristocratic class in Spain.
Even if the kingdom collapsed, these big landowners and large classes would not be eliminated so easily.
Landlords and aristocrats made up the majority of the Spanish military and government, and were one of the reasons for the frequent regime changes in Spain.
Another point that is very fatal is the contradiction between the Spanish Republic and the Catholic Church.
According to the Spanish Constitution, political power and clerical power are separated, and the two should not interfere with each other.
However, when the Second Spanish Republic was formed, it tried to form an anti-Catholic government and strongly interfered with the Catholic Church.
This behavior caused dissatisfaction with the Spanish Catholic Church and intensified the conflict between the government and the Catholic Church.
Eventually, the Spanish government even began to allow anti-Catholic radicals to attack monasteries and believers.
As a countermeasure, the Catholic Church in Spain also began to spread anti-republican government ideas among believers.
For the majority of ordinary people, the welfare system for workers and the population is not effectively enforced, and most Spanish capitalists do not practice the eight-hour workday.
The result of this is that the quality of life of the Spanish people is greatly reduced, and the people are very dissatisfied with the government and the status quo, which makes the fire in Spain burn even more.
Spain is by no means stable. In August 1932, the year after the fall of the kingdom, Jose Sanhujo, a soldier, staged a coup d'état, but was arrested and imprisoned.
However, José Sanjujo's coup d'état pointed the way to those who were never able to reach the center of power in Spain.
Since it is impossible to achieve one's goals through peaceful means, it is better to declare war on one's political enemy.
At this time, in addition to internal contradictions and disputes, Spain also had a large number of external forces intervening.
First of all, in order to find allies, the two major military blocs in Europe have set their sights on Spain, which is geographically important.
Secondly, because of Gibraltar, the British also attached great importance to Spain and would not allow Spain to fall into the hands of their own enemies.
Coupled with the marriage between the Spanish royal family and the Australasian royal family, Australasia's influence also expanded to Spain.
This also meant that a small Spain had gathered six great powers, including Germany, Italy, France, the Austrian Empire, the British Empire, and the Australasian Empire.
With the intervention of these six powers, it was impossible for Spain not to break out into civil war.
Unsurprisingly, in September 1934, a massive riot broke out in Spain, which eventually turned into a great civil war throughout Spain.
The cause of the civil war has to be mentioned in the elections held in Spain last year. The right-wing Radical Republican Party won, with Alessandro Leruz as president.
When the right-wing parties regained the power of the government, they completely reversed the reforms enacted by the previous government, repealed the Spanish constitution and the laws of the autonomous communities, and released many right-wing and royalist members.
But this immediately caused discontent among the left-wing parties and pushed for a second election to the Spanish government.
The second election completely changed the situation in the first election, with left-wing parties returning to Spanish dominance and the beginning of an armed crackdown on right-wing parties.
You know, right-wing parties include nationalism, FXSISM and royalism.
These people all have a common characteristic, that is, they are in high positions in the military and control a certain amount of power.
After the Spanish left-wing forces began to suppress the right-wing, it caused a large riot throughout Spain.
As a result, the left and right wings were assassinated by each other, and more and more people were dispatched from both sides, which eventually turned into a military unrest.
The military upheaval began in the Spanish colony of Morocco and quickly spread to Spain proper.
On September 17, 1934, after careful preparations, military generals Francisco Franco and Emilio Mora instigated an armed rebellion and quickly moved north, reaching mainland Spain through the Strait of Gibraltar.
As a result of careful preparation, the rebels quickly occupied Spanish Morocco, the Canary Islands, the Paris Ali Islands, and the northern and southwestern provinces of the Spanish mainland before the government could react.
By the time the Spanish government forces reacted, the rebels had already announced the establishment of a national defense ruling committee in Burgos, and led a large army to Madrid.
As the leader of this rebel army, Franco played the slogan "North and South will attack Madrid, restore Spain with glory", and united with other rebels to advance towards Madrid, the capital of Spain.
On the other hand, large numbers of reluctant Spaniards have been forced to take up arms to defend their homeland.
But I have to admit that there are some Spaniards who still have deep feelings for the country.
Even though the period of the Spanish Republic was the most chaotic era of the 20th century, it still could not stop their recognition and love for Spain.
In just one week, more than 350,000 Spaniards signed up for the militia, the so-called Spanish Civil Guard.
Thanks to the efforts of these 350,000 people and government troops, the rebellion in the large and medium-sized cities of Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Cartagena, Malaga and Bilbao was quickly quelled.
Although the situation is still in a confrontational situation, the government forces control all of Spain's industrial and political centers, as well as important ports, communication arteries, and agricultural production.
On the rebel side, on the other hand, all of them controlled Andalusia in the south and Galicia, Navarre, and Old Castile in the north.
This also led to a certain gap in strength between the rebels and the Spanish government, and without any external intervention, the final outcome of the rebellion would still be defeat.
But how could Spain, which had already been occupied by many powers before the civil war, not have the intervention of the great powers after the civil war?
In fact, as early as the stalemate in the Spanish civil war, and even when it was about to enter a full-scale war, both the government of the Spanish Republic and the rebels thought of another solution, which was to seek the support of external powers.
It is clear that the government of the Spanish Republic is more favored by the French government, and the rebels of national extremism are more favored by the German government.
"Your Excellency the President, Your Excellency the Prime Minister." The French Foreign Minister said with a solemn face: "Before the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, the Spanish Falangists had contacts with Italy and Germany.
If it weren't for the support of these two countries, I'm afraid that the Spanish civil war would not have happened so soon.
There is reason to suspect that if the Spanish rebel offensive had been delayed or even defeated, Germany and Italy would have made even more frantic moves, such as sending volunteers to the Iberian Peninsula.
This is a heavy blow to the order of the Iberian Peninsula, to the order of Spain and to the stability of Europe, and it will also seriously affect our layout in Spain. ”
At this time, the French government adopted a dual head of state system, with the positions of president and prime minister at the same time.
The French president is elected by the French people, and the prime minister is elected by the French parliament, representing two different forces.
In terms of the division of powers, the French president is in charge of the outside and the French prime minister is in charge, and the nominal presidential power is greater than that of the prime minister.
But it cannot be denied that the dual head of state system is not so rosy for the current France, and the contradictions between the French president and the prime minister are also a frequent occurrence.
"Is there any definite news about the sending of troops from Germany and Italy at the moment?" French President Albert Lebrun asked.
"Not really, Your Excellency. At the moment we have established the information that the Italians transported a shipment of military weapons to Spain. The French Foreign Minister shook his head and gave a negative answer.
"Since neither Germany nor Italy has sent troops, it is natural that we will not send troops to support Spain.
As for the sale of weapons to the Spanish government, that is the responsibility of the government. French President Albert Lebrun said with a smile on his face.
French President Albert Lebrun was the last president of the French Third Republic. During his tenure, the French Third Republic came to an uneventful demise and even set a record for the fastest defeat by the Germans.
Such an engineer-to-president who did not come from the military, like French Prime Minister Edouard Daladier, also led President Albert Lebrun to be weak in his opinion and try to solve all the problems facing France in a more peaceful way.
But the problem was that the only problem facing France was war. Resolving the war in a peaceful way is nonsense for the war itself.
Sure enough, hearing the decision of President Albert Lebrun, the more radical French Prime Minister Edouard Daladier could not sit still, stood up and said: "Your Excellency, we cannot ignore the threat of radicalized Spain to France.
If we wait until after Germany and Italy have officially sent troops to Spain, it will be too late.
Once an alliance was concluded between Germany, Italy and Spain, France would no longer be able to resist them in the Mediterranean, and our south coast would be threatened by Italy and Spain.
At the same time, Spain, as our land neighbor to the south, is highly likely to pose a threat to our southern provinces.
If we are unable to support the Spanish Republic, the fall of the Spanish Republic will most likely recur in France. ”
Hearing Prime Minister Edward Daladier's rebuttal, President Albert Lebrun was a little embarrassed and directly retorted: "Even Germany and Italy, which have always been radical, have not sent troops in an open and honest manner, so what reason do we have to send troops to intervene in the war in Spain?"
What's more, there is a Pyrenees between us and Spain, and no matter what becomes of Spain, their army cannot threaten us.
Besides, there were still the British in Spain, and it was absolutely impossible for the British to allow Germany and Italy to control Spain.
We just have to wait quietly and wait for the British and Spanish militants in Gibraltar, or even the German and Italian volunteers you are talking about, to break out, and that's what we want to see the most. ”
President Albert Lebrun was more neutral than French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier, who directly wanted to intervene in the Spanish Civil War.
However, at this time, the power of the president has not been weakened, and the president has absolute suppressive power for the prime minister.
Seeing that he could not move President Albert Lebrun, Prime Minister Edward Daladier could only sigh helplessly and cancel all the persuasion plans he had prepared.
Prime Minister Edward Daladier has seen that he alone cannot persuade President Albert Lebrun.
However, this does not mean that Prime Minister Edward does not have any means of countermeasures. Knowing that he could no longer persuade President Albert, Prime Minister Edward had his men spread the news that neutrality was President Albert's decision, in an attempt to make himself lose his sense of presence in the incident.
In Chancellor Edward's view, France will make the situation worse in the future by giving up this opportunity.
If the war in the future is lost, the man who makes the decision now will be nailed to the pillar of shame of the French Republic.
And for the current Prime Minister Edward, how to avoid holding himself accountable has become the most important issue.
On the other hand, President Albert was impressed by Prime Minister Edward's actions.
In President Albert's view, even if Spain became an ally of Germany and Italy, it did not mean that the French and Austrian empires would be inferior in this confrontation.
Not to mention how much strength Spain can exert after the civil war, even if it is in a full state of blood, it is only a medium-sized European country that is not strong in industry and economy.
What's more, if Germany and Italy want to help the Spanish rebels, who have fallen behind, to win this civil war, they must pay a lot of manpower, financial and material resources.
This is also a weakening of the strength of Germany and Italy. After all, if these troops and weapons were used in the Spanish Civil War, wouldn't it mean that Germany and Italy would have fewer weapons and equipment in a possible future war?
As for the casualties inflicted on the German and Italian troops, it was better news.
After all, the armies at this time are all elite troops that have been trained, not cannon fodder troops that have not even been trained after the outbreak of war.
Moreover, President Albert did not feel that Germany and France would go to war anytime soon. At least for the duration of his tenure, France was much more powerful than Germany, and the Germans should not have the guts to start this war.
Today's update, 4600 words.
(End of chapter)