Chapter 283 The Sprout of the Industrial Revolution in Liaodong
What happened in Liaodong, in fact, Cheng Shijie did not know. Although Cheng Shijie left by warship from Chibi City, when passing to Chongming Island, the Shen family led the people of Chongming to hold a grand welcome ceremony. Shen Boyun's eldest son, Shen Qidong, now 28 years old, greeted Cheng Shijie.
Of course, Cheng Shijie did not stay in the Chongming Princess Mansion arranged by Shen Qidong, but went directly to Chongming Academy, and it was not until this time that Sun Kewang knew that Cheng Shijie's hand had been inserted into the mouth of the Yangtze River, and there were Cheng Shijie's men and horses in Wusongkou, Chongming Island, and Changxing Island.
Compared with Chongming Island, Chibi City is not enough to see.
Cheng Shijie, accompanied by Shen Qidong, visited Chongming Academy, which was funded and established by the Shen family headed by Shen Boyun. After more than a year of construction, it was finally put into normal use.
It's just that when Cheng Shijie visited Chongming Academy, he found a serious problem, and this problem is not that the school building is not good enough, nor is the school not big enough. Chongming Academy as a whole is dominated by gray and white buildings of the Hui School, adopting a garden-like structure, covering an area of at least twenty or thirty acres of land.
Chongming Academy still recruits students in the way of Mengsheng and Tongsheng, the so-called Mengsheng is Mengxue, of which there are a total of 161 students, and all of them are boys, but there are a total of 45 children, which means that this Chongming Academy has a total of 206 students. Among them, there were 26 teachers, and more than 100 servants, handymen, and cooks.
Speaking of which, the dean of the academy is really famous, and this is the former Shuntian Mansion Yin Liu Zongzhou. If you want to talk about Liu Zongzhou's knowledge, it must not be said, but he was born in the Donglin Party, is a famous Confucian in the Donglin Party, Huang Zongxi, Chen True, Zhang Luxiang, Chen Hongshou, Qi Biaojia and other famous scholars and people of integrity are out of his door, known as the "Qishan School".
If it was in the era when Cheng Shijie did not appear, the Donglin Party was indeed in full swing, but with the appearance of Cheng Shijie, the Jiannu was pressed to the ground to rub, especially after the Battle of Baliwan, under the comparison of Cheng Shijie, it seemed that the Donglin Party was incompetent. This made Emperor Chongzhen suspicious of the Donglin Party, and Emperor Chongzhen was anxious to seek treatment, and talents, salaries, rogues, and border troubles often lingered in his heart, hoping that the ministers could come up with some effective specific measures.
Liu Zongzhou thinks that these are all techniques of punishment, close to utilitarianism, and the master should be based on benevolence and righteousness. Due to disagreement, he only served as the Yin of Shuntianfu for one year, then returned to his hometown after illness, and established a "Witness Society" with Tao Shuangling, gathering comrades to give lectures.
Liu Zongzhou became the dean of Chongming Academy, in fact, because his temper was too stubborn, he decided to break off from the Donglin Party and refused to participate in the Donglin Party's poetry meeting, society, and literary meeting.
Listening to Shen Qidong's introduction, Cheng Shijie's brows furrowed.
The teacher-student ratio of Chongming Academy is too exaggerated, right? If servants, handymen, and cooks are counted among the faculty, it means that the ratio of faculty, staff, and students is almost one to two.
"Why are there only so few students enrolled?"
"Too many students will put a lot of pressure on the school and increase the workload of teachers, which will reduce the requirements for students and reduce the value of students as a whole!"
In Shen Qi's opinion, why is the talent of the Ming Dynasty not as precious as in the Tang and Song dynasties?
The Tang Dynasty inherited the imperial examination system of the Sui Dynasty, and historical records record that during the more than 200 years of the Tang Dynasty, only six people passed the Xiucai examination, and even in the later period of the Tang Dynasty, it became a fictitious and no one applied for the examination.
Later, I found that Xiucai was too difficult to test, and no one took the test, so the students who passed the county school examination were called Xiucai, especially after the Song Dynasty, then people walked everywhere, and there were many Xiucai like dogs. As long as there are too many talents, they are completely worthless.
"What we want to practice is elite education, not civilian education, and some people from civilian families should be engaged in civilian work."
In Shen Qidong's view, Cheng Shijie's approach is actually a debasement of culture.
"You are wrong, we are not going to implement elite education, or to implement civilian education, I need to get enough talents in a short period of time, so as to meet the demand for talents in Liaodong, Dayuan, and Luzon!"
"Dashuai, too many students with a one-time income will not help Chongming Academy become the best institution of higher learning in the world, the reason why Donglin Academy is sought after all over the world is because the number of students in Donglin Academy is limited, Donglin Academy can only live in two or three hundred people at most, if there are thousands of students in Donglin Academy, the students of Donglin Academy are worthless!"
Although Liu Zongzhou was born in Confucianism, he also considered the problem more from the perspective of fame. Anyway, in Liu Zongzhou's view, Cheng Shijie is willing to pay for running a school, and he never criticizes the college, is there a better investor like Cheng Shijie?
"Mr. Niantai, we don't want to monopolize knowledge, but to promote and popularize knowledge, a teacher with two students at a time, and with fifty or sixty students at a time is not much different, Donglin Academy has existed for hundreds of years, as early as the first year of the Song Dynasty (1111) began to be established!"
Cheng Shijie smiled bitterly: "Ben Shuai is not Gu Xiancheng, Gu Xiancheng is famous enough to be able to respond to every call, Ben Shuai and Gu Xiancheng's foundation is different, not to mention, I and his purpose are not the same, if the teachers have an opinion on increasing the workload, then improve the treatment of the teachers." ”
Liu Zongzhou has his own ideas, he wants to establish a more famous institution than Donglin Academy, while running the school, he is ready to invite his disciples, as well as some Jiangnan Junjie, to enter Chongming Academy to study, study for a period of time, and participate in next year's township examination and the next year's general examination.
The method adopted by Liu Zongzhou is actually the same as the model of Hengshui Middle School in later generations, which selects the best students from the whole province, and then desperately brushes the questions, so as to select the best of the best, and the fame of Chongming Academy is an instant hit.
You must know that although the difficulty of the imperial examination in this era is not less than that of later generations, the problem is that the scope of brushing questions is far less than that of later generations, and how huge and complex is the question bank of later generations? For everyone like Liu Zongzhou, even if you brush three questions a day, it is enough to brush thousands of questions and start the fame of Chongming Academy, but it is not a big problem.
As the saying goes, the ass determines the head, and the head determines the thinking.
Cheng Shijie and Liu Zongzhou consider the problem from different dimensions, and the two sides naturally have obvious differences. However, there is no class in teaching, expanding the scope of students, and selecting more good seedlings is also what Liu Zongzhou is willing to see.
"Dashuai, if you recruit more students, I'm afraid it will cost a lot of money!"
"Ben Shuai has silver, and when Ben Shuai returns to Liaodong, he will specially approve 100,000 taels of silver from Chongming Academy to improve the teaching quality of Chongming Academy!"
As we all know, Cheng Shijie treats his subordinates generously enough, with high salaries and good benefits, and a large number of middle-income middle classes have appeared in Liaodong in a short period of time.
Of course, Cheng Shijie is not a philanthropist, and the reason why he gives a higher salary is because Cheng Shijie has higher requirements for his subordinates. In addition to Ning Haijun, the highest-paid soldier is Guan Ningjun, but the problem is that the income of Guan Ning Jun's officers and soldiers is not enough in front of Ning Haijun.
Of course, the Ning Navy has the best treatment, and it is also the most combat-effective unit in the whole world, not that combat effectiveness and treatment are directly equated, but because treatment is also part of combat effectiveness.
The corruption of officials in the Ming Dynasty is more serious, except for the Manchu Qing, no one can compare, but the officials in Liaodong, as well as the teachers and craftsmen in Liaodong, the salaries they get are several times that of the Central Plains of the Ming Dynasty. Welfare is even more meticulous, from food, clothing, housing, and life, there is a system of arrangement.
This is derived from Cheng Shijie according to the system of Hangang Group, and the employees of Hangang Group have already enjoyed medical insurance when the country did not implement universal medical insurance. The employees of Hangang Group are also poor, but there will never be a situation where they have no money to treat them.
Just like Cheng Jiayue's condition, that is another situation, the Hangang Group General Staff Hospital does not have this technology, and it cannot find a heart source.
Cheng Shijie provides such a high salary, not to let people lie on the post and enjoy happiness, but to do things. Therefore, high benefits and high salaries are not easy to get, and you must have a contribution that matches the salary and benefits in order to get peace of mind.
When Cheng Shijie left Chongming Island, he began to formulate the "Liaodong Compulsory Education Draft", and the draft nominated by Cheng Shijie would first be sent to the Liaodong Management Committee for discussion, and would generally not be blocked.
This issue of compulsory education is slightly different from that of later generations. The primary school has a five-year system, the secondary school has a four-year system, and the university school has a three-year system. You don't need to hand in so much useless knowledge in Daming, do you say that primary school students need to learn English?
What bullshit logic, learning English is to connect with the world, more than 99% of people have no chance to go abroad in their lifetime, and they have no chance to contact foreigners. For example, the author, who lived to be thirty-nine years old, has never had contact with any foreigner, and we don't have that layer, so the question is, have you learned so much English and memorized so many words?
Compulsory education in Liaodong is only five years, that is to say, compulsory education in primary school, whether to read junior high school or not, it is all voluntary, as the so-called without the suffering of others, do not persuade others to be kind.
At this stage, although there are many factories in Liaodong, the problem is that not everyone has the opportunity to be a worker, and not everyone has the opportunity to apply what they have learned.
Cheng Shijie plans to establish at least one primary school in every town, at least one middle school in each county, and the universities are mainly Liaodong Medical College, Liaodong Agricultural College, Liaodong Institute of Technology, Ninghai Naval Army College, and Liaodong Naval Military College.
Cheng Shijie is actually not qualified to pick and choose talents now, so as long as someone is willing to immigrate to Liaodong, Cheng Shijie will accept them all.
Of course, acceptance is acceptance, but there will be no tuntian in Liaodong, the main reason is that the weather in recent years is really abnormal, spring comes too late, winter comes too late, the current Liaodong is different from later generations, and the Liaodong of later generations is also regarded as having four distinct seasons, but the current Liaodong is not spring and autumn.
It may only take a few days to go from minus 10 degrees Celsius to more than 20 degrees above zero, and then it will enter the hot summer, and in the summer, it is possible that overnight, the temperature will plummet, and after dawn, the whole world will be covered with ice and snow.
In recent years, there are many Ming people who have come to Liaodong, and the quality of these people must be uneven, including teachers in Liaodong schools, more than ninety percent of primary school teachers, and even some university teachers, and it is said that the reputation is not very good.
In the face of these situations, Cheng Shijie didn't ask anything, but since these people came to Liaodong, then they had to abide by the relevant regulations of Liaodong, otherwise Cheng Shijie would definitely not tolerate it.
In Liaodong, there are not one or two rich sons who have been disposed of, and there are not one or two gentry who have violated the law and discipline, and according to incomplete statistics, as many as two or three hundred cases are handled every year.
Chen Guodong took advantage of this, so Hu Liangan and Hu's father-in-law were arrested, of course, there was no abuse, but they were locked up in a cell.
The Ming Dynasty itself is the separation of powers, the political envoy department, the criminal envoy department, the command of the envoy, the criminal prosecution is to manage the prison and the judiciary, and the judicial power of the Ming Dynasty is also vertical management. At present, the high court in Liaodong is exercising the power of the prosecutor to raise the sentence according to the prosecutor's office.
Even Empress Zhou couldn't say anything, of course, everyone understood that a seemingly trivial matter became the focus of the game between the imperial court and Liaodong.
Empress Zhou and Empress Zhang did not use their identities to forcibly put pressure on the Liaodong Management Committee, that is, the governor's mansion at the imperial court, but took the prince and continued to take a look.
The development of Liaodong is still so step-by-step, the cement road network centered on Jinzhou is still extending, the cement road project is vigorously rolled out in sections, the requirements of the cement road put forward by the Liaodong Management Committee are three-level coexistence, first of all, the state-level highway, is a two-way eight-lane, county-level cement road at least two-way four-lane, and the town-level is subject to two lanes side by side.
The cement road between the seven prefectures in eastern Liaodong is basically built, and the cement road between counties is also a jaw-dropping project.
The cement road project has been supported by most of the people in Liaodong, because the benefits of the cement road are too obvious, the road surface is smooth and hard, no matter how heavy the rain will not be muddy, not to mention the carriage, even the bulky Taiping car can run fast on it, the best thing is that it is almost not bad for decades, and if it is repaired, there will be no need to worry about building the road in the future.
Such projects do not support it, so what do they support? Merchants from other places, local military households, and military dependents all have money to contribute and make a strong contribution. Especially now, all counties and towns are in the leisure season, and countless strong laborers wield hoes and shovels along the road, leveling the roadbed, and tamping the ground, and are in full swing.
In Zhenhai City, construction of a huge phosphate fertilizer plant has also begun. The plant will use high-quality phosphate rock from the Dabie Mountains to provide sufficient phosphate fertilizer for eastern Liaoning.
To say that the biggest change in Liaodong, is the emergence of a new type of machinery, at the beginning of Liaodong, the use of hydraulic machinery, but the problem is that hydraulic machinery has a disadvantage that is difficult to solve, that is, the climate of Liaodong is too cold, at least four months a year is the ice period, which means that hydraulic machinery is not available in nearly half a year.
Wang Zheng, who came to Liaodong, undertook the missionary work for religion, but the problem was that after seeing Liaodong, the only place in the Ming Dynasty that did not restrict religion, and this was a place with a population of 10 million, Protestants and Catholics launched a fierce competition.
When the Protestants in Liaodong saw that there was a war between the Netherlands and Liaodong, they deliberately supported the Protestants in Liaodong and established a business office in Liaodong, so that Wang Zheng, a Catholic missionary, was passive. Because the distance is too far, and the support that the Holy See can give him is limited.
Wang Zheng had no choice but to show his ability, in the original history, Wang Zheng, a great scientist, once invented a kind of steamship called the fire ship to go.
Although the principle of the steam engine may be relatively unfamiliar to the Ming people who do not have a modern scientific knowledge system, in fact, the British scientist Joseph Needham once put forward a famous thesis: steam engine = water exhaust + bellows. He wanted to use this formula to show that the steam engine, the heart of the modern revolution in the West, could not have been invented without the technological achievements of ancient China. From the perspective of the key structure of the steam engine, the "bellows" solves the problem of double-action valves, while the "water drain" provides a conversion device between linear and circular motion.
Bellows" was invented in the Song Dynasty in China, and then spread to the West, and was widely used in Europe in the 18th century, and "water drain" appeared in China more than 1900 years ago, and it is clearly recorded in the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty Du Shi Biography". From this point of view, China's ancient advanced technology has laid the foundation for the invention of the steam engine.
Nan Huairen was a diligent and studious role model, not only actively studying Chinese astronomy, mathematics, and the calendar, but also interested in the steam engine that was popular at the time, and even invented the steam car. As the name suggests, the power of this car is "steam", which produces steam by heating the water in the container. Let the kinetic energy of the steam push the gears next to it, and the gears turn to drive the axles located above the wheels. Ultimately, the wheels can roll forward. Strictly speaking, it was the world's first self-propelled car.
In 1672, in order to please the emperor, he gave this invention to Kangxi as a gift. However, this small steam locomotive did not attract much attention at the time, and Kangxi just treated it as a toy.
In order to gain the support of the Liaodong Management Committee, Wang Zheng came up with his own invention, which was a huge machine similar to a siege vehicle, with six wheels, two steering wheels in the front and four passive wheels in the back. The car has no power and cannot be driven automatically.
However, this car is a driving engine, which can also be said to be a simple version of a steam engine, with a huge large iron furnace in the middle, a boiler on the top and a furnace below, and when water is added, driven by steam, it will drive the lever to reciprocate.
This machinery can solve the problem of no water source, and no power source in the cold winter, this huge machinery, the first use is used in the crushing of phosphate rock, and later this machinery is also used in cement production, and some are used in road construction.
After the use of steam machinery, the production efficiency is much higher than that of hydraulic machinery, coupled with the high grade of phosphate rock, it can produce 600 tons of phosphate fertilizer in a month.
You must know that the six phosphate fertilizer factories in Gaizhou, Fuzhou, Haizhou, Guangning and Liaoyang have a combined production capacity of less than 200 tons, and a phosphate fertilizer plant in Zhenhaicheng is three times the output of the original six phosphate fertilizer plants.
Now these six old phosphate fertilizer plants have decided to renovate, if successful, the six phosphate fertilizer plants will reach 1,500 tons per month, there is still a certain gap to meet the needs of the entire eastern Liaoning region, but this is already a very remarkable achievement.
With the success of this large water furnace, a series of changes have been triggered in Liaodong, first of all, the casting production workshop of the steel mill, the original steel ingot production line is driven by hydraulic power, because the steel mill has sufficient condensate to use, so it has always been used to drive the ingot mold to rotate.
Now it has been changed to a steam type, which saves energy than the original hydraulic, and more importantly, it is convenient, more efficient, and has lower labor costs.
Although the Liaodong steel mill did not mine the iron ore in Anshan on a large scale, the main reason is that the iron ore in Maoshan is of higher grade and easier to mine, especially the workers from North Korea, and the labor is lower than that of Liaodong.
With the large reduction of the number of displaced people in Liaodong and the construction of more and more factories, Liaodong has actually begun to panic in employing workers, and after the grain transportation in Luzon to the north, the Liaodong Management Committee has even begun to consider reducing the area of tuntian, turning a certain number of tuntian military households into engineering military households, and letting them become workers and workers.
The lack of labor force has led to the doubling of the wage income of workers in Liaodong, especially the heavy physical work, which has been increased to two or four taels of silver per month, which means that a worker can earn twenty or thirty taels of silver a year, which is not a skilled worker, if it is a skilled worker, the income is higher.
Everything in Liaodong is unfamiliar to Queen Zhou, a blast furnace that can produce 20 tons, a 160,000 catties of sea salt a day, a textile machine that can weave a few pieces of cloth a day, and a machinery that can lift more than 100,000 catties at one time.
Especially seeing this kind of mixer with a huge roar, which can mix 20,000 or 30,000 catties of concrete at a time, Queen Zhou felt that her ears were about to be deafened, and Zhu Cihong's face turned pale with fright.
Cheng Shijie didn't know that in the more than two months since he left Liaodong, Liaodong has undergone earth-shaking changes, especially the emergence of the steam engine, which made Liaodong begin to sprout the industrial revolution.
Of course, when Cheng Dagongzi heard that the prince was also scared by the steam engine and peed his pants, he was immediately happy, and he could be evened out.
However, Cheng Jialong was stunned for a moment: "What are you talking about fire drives?" ”
"Is it a machine that can be driven by burning coal?"
Cheng Jialong was in a hurry: "Take me to see it!" ”
PS: It's the end of the month, ask for tickets! (End of chapter)