The above chapters discuss the causes of the great migration of human beings in the middle and late period of the last ice age, as well as the survival, production capacity, technology and civilization of human beings before the great migration, as well as the basis for human survival and civilization development, such as the division of labor, family style, ethnic status, social form, ideological and religious conditions. On the basis of these material and spiritual wealth, in order to cope with the serious changes in the earth's environment and seek opportunities for survival and development, human beings living in the New World of the last ice age launched a global migration, and then appeared and formed a rich and colorful and brilliant human civilization in various parts of the world.

Without this global migration, much of the world would be as desolate and lifeless as the Sahara Desert today!

In this chapter, we will devote ourselves to the arduous and tumultuous process and route of the Great Migration. The Great Migration not only has a profound impact on the formation of human societies and civilizations around the world, but also is a process of differentiation, integration, re-differentiation and re-integration of human races, which will reveal the commonalities and differences of human civilizations and nations in various places, and create ideological foundations and cultural conditions for promoting human beings to move towards comprehensive reconciliation, cooperation, fraternity, win-win and sharing.

According to the current distribution and cultural characteristics of human races, as well as geographical knowledge and archaeological knowledge, and the discovery and research of ancient cultural relics and sites around the world, we can more clearly restore the routes and processes of human migration in the middle and late stages of the last ice age, and can more clearly see the integration and differentiation of human races in the process of migration.

According to the research results of archaeologists and scientists, 108,000 years ago, a group of ancient humans with skeletal characteristics very similar to those of Asian yellow humans grew in the area around the Indonesian island of Java. This shows that at the beginning of the ice age, a large number of yellow ancestors lived in the new world of Southeast Asia (i.e., the Indonesian archipelago, the new land of the South China Sea, the southern part of Chinese mainland, the Indochina Peninsula and other regions) and other ice age tropical and subtropical regions. After 60,000 to 70,000 years of training and evolution, this group of ancient humans developed into the yellow race, and became the main race of the Great Migration Era, namely the Yellow Race gathering, fishing and hunting people, agricultural peoples and marine peoples, after the Great Migration, they became the modern yellow people distributed in the Eurasian continent, the Pacific Islands, the Americas and other regions.

From the middle to late of the last 45,000 years ago, when the earth warmed and the sea level continued to rise, the maritime peoples who lived in the seaside areas of the Southeast Asian continent during the Ice Age were the first to be hit by disasters because their homes were first submerged by the sea, so they first relocated their families and possessions to the higher shores by sea. As the sea level continued to rise and more continents were flooded by the sea, they had no choice but to relocate to higher ground, and the great migration of the sea peoples began imperceptibly.

The peoples who migrated with the sea peoples were the gatherers and hunters who lived in the coastal and low-altitude areas of the Ice Age, because the gatherers and hunters usually lived a wandering life, and at the same time, these peoples and the sea peoples had economic complementarity and blood relations, and they often lived in the same area with relatively rich land resources, so they must move together when disaster came. The Yao people are an ancient people living in southwestern Chinese mainland and Southeast Asia, they have lived in the mountainous areas of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Guangxi and Southeast Asia since ancient times, they live an ancient way of life by hunting and gathering, in their ancient stories passed down from generation to generation, telling the allusions of their ancestors who came to Chinese mainland due to the great flood, sailing by boat. Ancient ethnic groups such as the Yi in China also have stories of people fleeing during the Great Flood, which show that at the beginning of the last glacial warming period, that is, 45,000 to 35,000 years ago, the ancestors of the Yao and Yi ethnic groups who lived in the coastal and low-altitude areas of the New World in Southeast Asia during the last glacial period reached the Indochina Peninsula and southern China by sea and land because their homes were submerged by sea. Archaeologists have found ancient human fossils in a cave in Liuzhou, Guangxi, China, which have been scientifically determined to have been left by ancient people about 40,000 years ago, and these human fossils have obvious yellow characteristics.

In the early days of the warming period, due to the large concentration of people in the Indochina Peninsula and southern China, there was a shortage of food in the region, which led to the in-depth development of agriculture, animal husbandry and animal husbandry in the region, and also triggered the migration of humans to the world by sea and land.

According to scientific examinations and analyses by paleoclimatologists, the warming of the planet intensified between 35,000 and 25,000 years ago in the middle of the last ice age, and the rise in sea level increased, causing more land to be inundated by seawater. The melting of the ice sheet accelerates, creating more lakes, swamps, rivers and desert areas on the earth's surface, and a large number of inundated, waterlogged and barren areas appear in the low-lying inland areas. These harsh geological environments have added endless difficulties and existential threats to the migration of human beings, such as maritime peoples, gatherers, fishing and hunting peoples, and farming peoples.

The ocean people were the first to carry out the great migration of human race, "the first to get the moon near the water, the prophet of the plumbing duck in the spring river", the sea people were the first to realize that human beings were going to be in great trouble, so they were the first to carry out the great migration of human beings at sea, and their migration route was through the coast and island chain near the coast with rich natural resources to the east and west coasts of the Pacific Ocean and island areas; Migration to the coasts and islands of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans through coastal and island chains, which are rich in natural resources.

The process of migration of maritime peoples from the New World of Southeast Asia to the east and west coasts and islands of the Pacific Ocean is as follows: the sea peoples first migrated eastward by boat to the South China Sea, the East China Sea coastal areas and offshore islands of Chinese mainland, that is, the coast of Peninsular Malaysia, the coast of Thailand, the coast of Myanmar, the coast of Bangladesh, the coast of Cambodia, the coast of Vietnam, the coast of Guangxi, the coast of Guangdong, the coast of Fujian, the coast of Zhejiang, the waterway area of the Yangtze River Basin, the Philippine Islands, Taiwan Island, the Ryukyu Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Pacific Islands, the Pacific coast of South America and other regions.

The migration process of maritime peoples from the New World of Southeast Asia to the coasts and islands of the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean is as follows: the coast of the South Asian subcontinent, the coast of the Middle East, the coast of Africa, and the coast of the Mediterranean.

After settling in these areas, the maritime peoples relied on the local natural resources such as rivers, lakes and seas to develop production activities such as fishing, gathering and hunting, and created local societies and civilizations together with the peoples who arrived in these areas.

According to the discoveries and research of archaeologists and anthropologists, the great migration of agrarian peoples (including those who still depend on agrarian peoples for breeding and animal husbandry) occurred in the late period of the Ice Age Warming Period, that is, between 25,000 and 15,000 years ago, because the coastlines, rivers, lakes, and swamps on the earth's surface have stabilized in the later part of the warming period, and most of the barren land has become forests and grasslands, becoming a paradise for animals and plants. The improvement of the natural environment has provided the material basis and environmental conditions for the migration of the agrarian peoples and their followers.

According to the results of ancient climatology and archaeology, during the last ice age, the early homeland of farmers and herdsmen was the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia, southern China, and the South Asian subcontinent, which had the typical northern climate characteristics of four distinct seasons and obvious alternation of cold and hot climates, and the climate conditions in this region were equivalent to those in the north of the Yellow River in China today. During the Ice Age, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the Lingnan Mountains and other geographical barriers blocked the invasion of cold air from the north into China's Lingnan region and the Indochina Peninsula, so the natural climate of the region during the last ice age was very suitable for the development of agriculture, breeding and animal husbandry. The progress of civilization in this region has provided material, spiritual, technological and cultural guarantees for the great migration of human beings, and has also laid the foundation for the great development of human civilization.

Since the early farming and nomadic peoples originally lived in the inland areas at higher altitudes, these areas have typical continental landform characteristics, including mountains, hills, rivers, swamps, grasslands and oases, etc., which are very suitable for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Because the farmers and herdsmen have a relatively stable source of food and live a stable life of sedentary and semi-sedentary, they have more time to think about and solve problems, and thus engage in the development of civilization in terms of ideology, culture, technology, and religion. The mode of production and cultural development determine that the farmers and herdsmen are superior to the gatherers, fishers and hunters, and the maritime peoples in terms of population, society and culture.

In the early days of the Great Migration, although the farmers and herdsmen did not have a very close relationship with the maritime peoples and the peoples living in the low-altitude areas, with the increase in the population of the farmers and herdsmen and the population of other ethnic groups moving into the areas of the farmers and herdsmen, the farmers and herdsmen who had just completed the migration and lived a settled life had a strong demand and impulse to migrate.

When the climate warming intensified, the geographical distribution of lakes, rivers and swamps in inland areas was basically stable, and the environment of uninhabited areas such as desert areas and floodplains was improved, the mature farmers and herdsmen in southern China and the Indochina Peninsula began to carry out earth-shattering migrations to other parts of the world.

In the early days of the great migration of farmers and herdsmen, farmers and herdsmen have basically developed the Lingnan region of China, Yunnan of China, northern Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Bangladesh, northeast India and other regions into the agricultural and animal husbandry base of this ethnic group. Archaeological evidence shows that the earliest pastoral areas of human beings (at that time, agriculture and animal husbandry were not completely separated, the production mode of animal husbandry was a combination of captivity and free-range, the range of animal husbandry was smaller than that of nomadic herding, and livestock still relied on agriculture and villages for survival) appeared in western Myanmar, Bengal, the South Asian subcontinent and other regions. Moreover, the ancient humans living in these areas at that time were all yellow people.

After the great migration began, farmers and herdsmen first moved from their base areas to the west into the southern part of the South Asian subcontinent and merged with the local brown people to form a new farming people. They then entered the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from the northeastern part of the South Asian subcontinent, and they formed a farming and herdsman ethnic group with yellow people as the main body, suitable for the plateau climate and environment. From the Tibetan Plateau, they moved westward into the northwestern part of the subcontinent and the Indus Valley region, where they merged with the Caucasian gatherers and hunter-gatherers to form a new nomadic race of yellow and white mixed blood. Since then, the yellow, brown and white races have been fully integrated in the South Asian subcontinent and other regions, and the multi-racial geographical distribution pattern of human beings has been formed to this day. The migration and migration of farmers and herdsmen in Southeast Asia to the South Asian subcontinent, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Indus River Basin in the Middle East and other regions promoted the emergence of early civilizations in the region.

The most complex and lengthy migration routes for farmers and herders are the northward and eastward migration processes. First of all, the farmers and herdsmen started from the base areas and went east to north into Yunnan and Guangxi, China. Then it enters Guangdong and Fujian from Guangxi to the east, enters the Yangtze River basin region to the north, enters the Yellow River basin region to the north, and then enters the Northeast Plain and the Mongolian Plateau to the north. It enters the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau from the south of Yunnan and the northwest of Guangxi, and enters Sichuan and other regions through two routes such as Chongqing and Luzhou; Then start from Sichuan, cross the Qinling Mountains into the Qinchuan Basin and the Hexi Corridor and other areas, then go north into the Loess Plateau, Mongolian Plateau, Siberia and other regions, and then go east through the Bering Strait into North America; Farmers and herdsmen from Southeast Asia migrated to Shaanxi, Gansu and other regions, and they moved westward into Xinjiang, Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, the Mediterranean coast, and Europe. Farmers and herders migrated to Siberia and then westward into the heart of Europe.

Eventually, the migratory detachments of Southeast Asian farmers and herdsmen "first migrated northward and then turned westward" joined the new humans in Central Asia such as the Indus Valley, and then merged into human groups in the Middle East and Europe. The migratory detachment of Southeast Asian farmers and herdsmen "first moved north, then turned eastward", they entered North America through the Bering Strait land bridge, and finally they joined the South American yellow race from the Peruvian Andes region to the north, that is, the Southeast Asian maritime peoples, in Central America, and since then they have created the ancient civilization of the Americas together.

In short, the farmers and herdsmen of Southeast Asia formed the earliest human race in these regions, and they developed Chinese civilization, Central Asian civilization, Middle Eastern civilization (Sumerian, Assyrian, Persian and other civilizations), Mediterranean civilization (Egyptian, Greek, Roman and other civilizations), European civilization, American civilization (Maya and other civilizations) and other world civilizations.

The ancient civilization of Southeast Asia during the Ice Age was the earliest civilization of mankind and the mother of human civilization everywhere. After the human subjects migrated from the base areas in Southeast Asia to other parts of the world, they did not participate in the great migration, and the human beings who stayed in Southeast Asia (i.e., the Indochina Peninsula, the Indonesian archipelago, the Philippine archipelago, etc.) still maintained their original racial characteristics, lifestyles, production methods, and civilization status, and lived and developed in accordance with the rules.

After the end of the Great Migration, the language and culture of the maritime peoples became the language and culture of the migration purpose and settlement area, and the Austronesian language and the worship of the sea god became the common cultural characteristics of the Pacific islands and coastal areas, the Indian Ocean islands and coastal areas, and the culture of Austronesian language and sea god worship is still very popular in the southeast coastal areas of China, Cambodia, southern Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan Island, the Pacific Islands and other regions.

In the process of the development of agricultural and pastoral society, the farming peoples gradually developed and matured the ancient Thai language and Shaman religious beliefs, and at present, the agricultural and pastoral peoples in the Lingnan region of China, Yunnan of China, northern Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, northeast India, Nepal and other regions still retain the original ancient Thai language and Shamen religious beliefs to a greater or lesser extent.

With the migration and ethnic integration of farmers and herdsmen, the Old Thai language was differentiated into the Old Burmese language, which became the language of the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral residents and nomadic herders, and these new ethnic groups lived in the southern foothills of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the junction of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

After a long period of cultural experience and development, Shamanism eventually developed into Jainism and Buddhism in the middle and lower reaches of the Ganges River in the South Asian subcontinent. Shamanism and Menzhenism (ME) were formed in Lingnan and East Asian regions of China

gim, in Old Vietnamese, me

It's a hint to ask a question, and gim is a god or a god, me

Gim as a whole means to ask the gods, to consult the ghosts and spirits, and to divinate good fortune and evil.

During and after the Great Migration, Southeast Asia, as the oldest civilization of mankind, maintained economic and cultural exchanges with India, China and the rest of the world, but the region is also the oldest, most conservative, most traditional and most culturally backward region in the world. Complacency inevitably leads to total laziness and corruption, and only those who have experienced the baptism of suffering and the crisis will think hard, work hard and make progress.

Archaeologists found in Mongolia that the earliest traces of modern ancient human life appeared between 25,000 and 15,000 years ago, which shows that the great migration of nomads began around 35,000 years ago, and the migration of nomads reached its peak around 25,000 years ago, and the nomads basically completed the great migration around 15,000 years ago.

The archaeological results show that the peak period of migration of maritime peoples is between 45,000 and 27,000 years ago, and after the peak period, the migration, settlement and development of marine peoples in various parts of the world are basically completed, and the world distribution pattern of marine peoples is basically formed. The peak migration of farmers and herdsmen was between 25,000 and 15,000 years ago, and after the peak period, the migration, settlement and development of farmers and herdsmen in various parts of the world were basically completed, and the world distribution pattern of farmers and herdsmen was basically formed.

About 11,000 years ago, the Earth's climate began to stabilize and the ice age was basically over. At this time, the earth's climate and environment became very social, and animals and plants survived and developed, and farmers and herdsmen began to split into farming peoples and nomadic peoples, and nomads began to live a nomadic life in the grasslands of East Asia, Central Asia and Southern Europe.