The astonishing news from Jiangdu is that in the fourteenth year of the Great Cause, the second year of Yining, in March of 618 AD, Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty was killed in Jiangdu and was killed by the rebel leader Yu Wenhua. In March of this year, it was Li Jiancheng and Li Shimin who led 100,000 Tang troops to march east to Luoyang.

As soon as the news of Emperor Yang of Sui was killed, it immediately caused an uproar throughout the world, and anti-king heroes in various places proclaimed themselves emperors and established separatist regimes. Under such circumstances, the Tang Dynasty established by Li Yuan also came into being. After the death of Emperor Yang of Sui, Li Yuan immediately proclaimed the emperor to establish the state, replaced the Sui Dynasty, and established the Li Tang Dynasty.

As mentioned earlier, the reason why Li Yuan was reluctant to claim the title of emperor was because Emperor Yang of Sui was still there, and the Sui Dynasty had not officially perished. As long as the Sui Dynasty did not officially fall, Li Yuan's proclamation as emperor was an open subversion of the Sui Dynasty's rule. Therefore, Li Yuan has been waiting for an opportunity. Finally, this opportunity came, and Emperor Yang of Sui died.

Although, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty has gone at this time, and the Sui Dynasty Mansion will fall. After Li Yuan conquered Chang'an, he supported Yang Yu, the acting king, as the emperor, and respected Emperor Yang of Sui in Jiangdu as the emperor. Even so, Emperor Yang of Sui is still nominally orthodox in the world, and whoever kills him will be a great rebellion and an open murderer.

It is precisely for this reason that Li Yuan refused to be the emperor. However, there are people who dare to defy the condemnation of the world and openly kill Emperor Yang of Sui. Moreover, the person who killed Emperor Yang of Sui was Emperor Yang of Sui's most trusted Praetorian Guard,—— "Xiaoguo".

So, as the king of a country and the lord of the world, how did Emperor Yang of Sui die in Jiangdu? How did this bloody Jiangdu mutiny trigger? After the death of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, the wolf smoke is everywhere, and the general trend of the world is full of heroes, where will it go?

If you want to clarify the ins and outs of the Jiangdu mutiny, first of all, we have to start with the various behaviors and a series of actions of Emperor Yang of Sui after he went to Jiangdu three times.

As mentioned above, from the twelfth year of the Great Cause (616), the Great Sui Dynasty had already been in internal and external difficulties. At this time, because of the failure of the three expeditions to Goguryeo, the Sui Dynasty was exhausted and unable to return to heaven; and because of the peasant uprisings in the country, Emperor Yang of Sui was too busy to take care of himself, and he was extremely troubled; In the eleventh year of the Great Cause (615), because of Emperor Yang of Sui's northern tour, he was trapped in Yanmen, which made Emperor Yang of Sui lose his majesty and lose face.

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty knew that the situation of the country was completely out of control, and the Great Sui Dynasty was powerless. In order to avoid the war, in July of the twelfth year of the Great Cause (616), Emperor Yang of Sui led the harem ladies, ministers and officials, and 100,000 Xiaoguo Janissaries to flee from the north and go to Jiangdu three times.

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty went to Jiangdu three times and handed over the capital Chang'an and the eastern capital Luoyang to his two grandsons: Yang Yu, the acting king, and Yang Tong, the king of Yue. His departure was tantamount to abandoning Jiangshan Sheji, and he never returned to the Central Plains until he finally died in Jiangdu.

After Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty went to Jiangdu three times, the situation of chaos in the world intensified and reached the point of being out of control. At that time, Dou Jiande occupied Hebei; Li Yuan conquered the capital city of Chang'an; Li Mi besieged the eastern capital of Luoyang; Xue Ju, Xue Rengao and his son rose in Longxi; Du Fuwei led the Jianghuai rebel army, occupied Gaoyou, and forced Jiangdu. The troubled times have come, there is no more land within the four seas, and the land of China has once again fallen into division and separation!

In the face of the crisis of chaos in the world, what kind of performance did Emperor Yang of Sui have? After Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty went to Jiangdu three times, the whole person completely changed, and his temperament changed greatly. The former heroes are almost gone, and they have become depressed, drunk and dreaming all day long, immersed in alcoholic women.

The chaos in the world made Emperor Yang of Sui lose his former determination to forge ahead, and was replaced by despair, fear and vulnerability. This kind of fragility not only brings psychological trauma, but also brings mental sinking.

In the eighth year of the Great Cause (612), Emperor Yang of Sui failed to conquer Goguryeo, and he already suffered from insomnia and dreams. According to the record of the "General Guide to Governance":

Every night I slept with constant palpitations, and there were thieves in the clouds, so that several women shook and slept, and they could sleep.

It means that when Emperor Yang of Sui slept at night, he often woke up with palpitations and shouted "there is a thief" again and again. In the end, a few palace ladies patted him without listening, and Emperor Yang of Sui was able to continue to sleep. It can be said that Emperor Yang of Sui at this time has been completely occupied by the psychology of despair and fear.

In response to the chaotic situation in the world, Emperor Yang of Sui did not want to make great efforts to reorganize the rivers and mountains; Instead, he became a "hands-off shopkeeper", pretending to be deaf and dumb, deceiving himself, infatuated with the gentle countryside of dogs and horses all day long, no longer asking about national affairs, and living in a muddy manner. The "General Guide to Governance" records:

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty to Jiangdu, the desolation is very beneficial, the palace is more than 100 rooms, each is full of Zhang, it is really a beauty, a room in the day is the master. Jiangdu County Cheng Zhao Yuankai palm for wine and food, the emperor and Empress Xiao and Xing Ji Li feasted and drank, the wine did not leave the mouth, and more than 1,000 people from Ji were often drunk.

This kind of life is really called a drunken gold fan, wine pond meat forest. After Emperor Yang of Sui went to Jiangdu three times, he built more than 100 luxurious palaces in Jiangdu Palace, and each set of palace rooms was hosted by a beautiful woman, who was responsible for serving Emperor Yang of Sui, Empress Xiao, and Emperor Yang of Sui's favored concubines to drink. In addition, Emperor Yang of Sui specially asked Zhao Yuankai, the Cheng of Jiangdu County, to provide wine and food. Emperor Yang of Sui drank and had fun with this group of harem beauties every day, and he was drunk all day long.

Why is it said that Emperor Yang of Sui is confused all day long? For example, there is a story recorded in the "Zizhi Tongjian". Emperor Yang of Sui often likes to divinate himself, one night, after Emperor Yang of Sui drank wine, he watched the sky at night, and then said something like this to Empress Xiao in a soft language of Wu Nong:

There are many people in the outside world, but Nong is not a big wall duke, Qing is not a Shen Hou, and they drink together! (Information Governance Guide)

The "Great Wall Prince" mentioned here is Chen Shubao, the lord of the fallen kingdom of Southern Chen, and the "Empress Shen" is Empress Shen, the wife of Empress Chen. In that year, Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty made meritorious contributions to the post of generalissimo of the Sui Dynasty's soldiers and horses, led 510,000 Sui troops, destroyed the Southern Chen regime in one fell swoop, captured the Empress Chen alive, and realized the unification of the north and the south.

Now, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty actually compares himself to the Empress Chen of the dead country, and he thinks that it is good to eat like this and wait for death. It can be seen that Emperor Yang of Sui has completely despaired of the future of the country, and he does not want to fulfill any imperial responsibilities. In his opinion, having fun in time is not a disappointing life.

There's one more story.

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty grew up with a jade tree in the wind since he was a child, and his demeanor was graceful, and the Book of Sui recorded that the demeanor of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was, "the beautiful posture of the instrument". As a result, Emperor Yang of Sui is now old, fifty years old, but he is still an old beautiful man whose demeanor has not diminished.

Now, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty is trapped in the Jiangdu Palace, and the day is declining. One day, Emperor Yang of Sui held a mirror, Gu Ying felt sorry for himself, took a picture for a long time, turned his head and said to Empress Xiao: "Good head and neck, who should cut it?" "Meaning, who can cut off such a beautiful head?

When Empress Xiao heard her husband say this, she was shocked, and hurriedly said, Why did Your Majesty say this? Unexpectedly, Emperor Yang of Sui smiled bitterly and said: "The noble and the lowly are bitter and happy, and if you change it, it will not hurt you!" "Powerful position, glory and wealth, but they are all fleeting, what is there to be sad about if you lose it!

However, the muddy nightmare returns to the muddy nightmare, and the drunken dream dies to the drunken life and dreams die. But now, Emperor Yang of Sui doesn't want to sit still, he doesn't want to wait for death. Emperor Yang of Sui was completely desperate for the situation in the north, and he went to Jiangdu three times this time, on the one hand, to avoid the war, and on the other hand, he had other plans. His plan is to re-establish the peace and secession, build half of the country in the south of the Yangtze River, and confront the north and the south with the northern heroes.

Although, Emperor Wen of Sui Emperor Yang Jian pacified Southern Chen that year, realized the unification of the north and the south, and ended the secession. However, after all, the Sui Dynasty came out of the turbulent times of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and it was less than 50 years since the Sui Dynasty achieved great unification, but the turbulent times of the Northern and Southern Dynasties experienced 169 years. Therefore, in the minds of the people at that time, the impression of division was much deeper than that of great unification. Therefore, Emperor Yang of Sui didn't want to return to the north anymore, so he gave birth to the idea of separating in the south of the Yangtze River:

Seeing that the Central Plains was in turmoil, the emperor had no intention of returning to the north, and wanted to pay Danyang, protect Jiangdong, and order the ministers to discuss it. (Information Governance Guide)

Why did Emperor Yang of Sui choose to divide his territory in the south of the Yangtze River? Because, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty had a special affection for Jiangdu (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu), and Jiangdu was the land of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty.

In the eighth year of the emperor's reign (588), Emperor Wen of Sui pacified Nanchen and realized the unification of the north and the south. However, because the Pingchen War was too smooth, Emperor Wen of Sui did not have enough understanding of the complex problems in the Jiangnan region. At that time, the north and the south had been divided for too long, and there were great differences between the two places in terms of governing methods, ideology, and culture.

Emperor Wen of Sui was anxious to transform the Jiangnan region, superstitious about military conquest, and implemented a series of simple and crude policies. In this way, the people of Jiangnan have a lot of complaints about the Sui Dynasty government. Less than two years after the Pingchen War, a full-scale rebellion broke out in the old southern realm, and the Great Sui Dynasty was redrawn into the war.

In the tenth year of the emperor's reign (590), the whole territory of Nanchen was opposed. Now in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Jiangxi and other places, many wealthy families have rebelled. According to historical records, "there are tens of thousands of big ones and thousands of small ones, and they all influence each other."

The Jiangnan rebels hated the officials of the Sui Dynasty to the extreme, and they attacked the fortifications all the way, and when they saw the officials of the Sui Dynasty, they had one word: kill! After killing, he pumped his intestines and ate his flesh, and scolded while killing: "It can make Nong Song Five Teachings even more!" ”

The whole people in Jiangnan were opposed, and at this critical moment, Yang Guang, the king of Jin, who later became Emperor Yang of Sui, was ordered to be in danger. In the tenth year of the emperor's reign (590), in the case of the Jiangnan rebellion, Yang Guang, the king of Jin, served as the governor of Yangzhou and ruled Jiangnan. Yang Guang not only participated in the counterinsurgency, but also continued to stay in the post of governor of Yangzhou after the counterinsurgency was eliminated. This treatment was a full ten years, until the twentieth year of the emperor (600), Yang Guang became the crown prince.

Moreover, Yang Guang's princess Xiao Shi, who later became Empress Xiao, was the daughter of Emperor Xiao Yue of Western Liang and the great-great-granddaughter of Xiao Tong, the prince of Zhaoming of Southern Liang. Xiao Tong, the prince of Zhaoming, left a famous "Selected Works of Zhaoming" in the history of Chinese literature. Therefore, Empress Xiao is a well-informed Jiangnan woman. Under the influence of his wife, Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty was very keen on Jiangnan culture, proficient in Jiangnan literary style and poetry style, and also learned to speak fluent Wu Nong soft language. Yang Guang went to serve as the head of Yangzhou, of course, it is the most suitable.

Yang Guang's work in Jiangnan has been carried out impressively. First of all, Yang Guangyi changed the cultural high-pressure policy of Emperor Wen of Sui, took the initiative to promote Jiangnan culture, and got close to the Confucian intellectuals in Jiangnan.

Dr. Nan Chen, Pan Hui, is very knowledgeable and is a great Confucian in the south of the Yangtze River. Yang Guang specially recruited Pan Hui into his shogunate, presided over the compilation of the book "Jiangdu Jili", and gathered a large number of well-known Jiangnan literati under his hands.

In addition to advocating Jiangnan culture and attracting Jiangnan literati, Yang Guang also admired Jiangnan Buddhism very much. Jiangnan is a fertile ground for Buddhism to flourish and has a far-reaching influence.

Yang Guang naturally did not underestimate Buddhism, he took the initiative to make friends with Master Zhiyi, a senior monk in the south of the Yangtze River, and invited Master Zhiyi to come to Jiangdu. Master Zhiyi was a senior monk of the Sui Dynasty and the founder of the Tiantai sect in China. Yang Guang held a grand meeting of thousands of monks in his Yangzhou governor's mansion to warmly welcome Master Zhiyi.

At this enthusiastic meeting of thousands of monks, Yang Guang reverently worshipped Master Zhiyi as his teacher. Master Zhiyi accepted Yang Guang as a lay disciple and gave him the Dharma name "General Holding Bodhisattva", and Yang Guang also honored the name "Master Wisdom" for his teacher Master Zhiyi. The master and apprentice have always had a deep relationship and have exchanged letters for a long time.

Yang Guang advocated Buddhism and was highly praised by the Buddhist circles in Jiangnan. In the first year of the Great Cause (605), at the beginning of Emperor Yang of Sui's accession to the throne, when he toured Jiangdu for the first time, he still maintained his relationship with the Buddhist community in Jiangnan. Even though he was an emperor, he was still very devout about Buddhism.

At that time, when Emperor Yang of Sui was the king of Jin, the Tiantai Mountain Monastery built by himself with money had been completed. According to the record of "Guoqing Bailu", at that time, the monks of Tiantai Mountain hoped that Emperor Yang of Sui would name the temple "Guoqing Temple", and they said to Emperor Yang of Sui as follows:

In the past, there was a Dingguang Zen master in the Chen world, and his virtue was unpredictable. After the relocation of the gods, the wise man dreamed of his spiritual clouds: "If you want to build a temple now, it is not the time." If the three kingdoms are a family, there are powerful people, when the temple is a temple for the Zen master, if the temple is completed, the country is clear, and it will be called the national Qing Temple. ”

Therefore, Emperor Yang of Sui had a very deep affection for Jiangnan. Therefore, seeing that there is chaos today, Emperor Yang of Sui thought of his former Longxing land - Yangzhou, now Jiangdu. At that time, Emperor Yang of Sui had a dream in which two children sang a ballad:

To die and to die. If you don't cross the river by boat. (Book of Sui: Five Elements Chronicles)

Therefore, Emperor Yang of Sui made up his mind to build a capital in the south of the Yangtze River, and he chose Danyang (located in the south of Jiangsu Province) as the capital. Once, during the court meeting, Emperor Yang of Sui informed the ministers of his idea of building the capital Jiangnan and asked the ministers to discuss. Immediately, Yu Shiji, the inner history squire who was Zaifu, immediately agreed with the emperor's idea of building the capital Jiangnan.

However, Li Cai, the general of the Right Guard, resolutely objected, believing that the emperor should still return to Chang'an. Yu Shiji argued on the basis of reason, and Li Cai and Yu Shiji quarreled in the court. At this time, Li Tongke, the secretary of the door, also stood up and expressed his opposition to the construction of the capital Jiangnan:

Jiangdong is low and wet, the land is dangerous and narrow, the inside is ten thousand times, and the three armies are outside, the people are unbearable, and I am afraid that they will be scattered. (Information Governance Guide)

Who knows, as soon as Li Tongke's words came out, he was immediately attacked by a group of officials. Some imperial historians impeached Li Tongke to Emperor Yang of Sui, saying that Li Tongke slandered the government. Immediately, the ministers supported Emperor Yang of Sui and built a capital in the south of the Yangtze River:

The people of Jiangdong have been fortunate for a long time, His Majesty crossed the river, and touched it, and this Dayu thing is also.

With the "support" of the ministers, Emperor Yang of Sui began to plan to build the capital, dispatched relevant personnel, and went to build the Danyang Palace to prepare to move the capital to Danyang. However, it was Emperor Yang of Sui's move to move the capital to Danyang that laid the foundation for the Jiangdu mutiny and also caused him to be killed.

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty wanted to divide his territory in Jiangnan, but there were people who didn't want to stay in Jiangnan, who would? It is the 100,000 Xiaoguo Praetorian Guards who guarded Emperor Yang of Sui and the Jiangdu three times.

These 100,000 Xiaoguo Praetorian Guards are basically Guanzhong people. Three visits to Jiangdu mean that they have left their homeland and are likely to never return to their hometown. Now, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty built the capital of Jiangnan, for 100,000 Xiaoguo, wouldn't he want them to die in a foreign land? As a result, restlessness began to appear within the Xiaoguo Army.

At that time, there were many defections within the Xiaoguo Army, and they all plotted to defect and return to their hometowns. For example, there is a Lang general named Dou Xian, who led his subordinates to flee en masse. When Emperor Yang of Sui found out, he immediately sent someone to arrest Dou Xian and execute him in public.

He hoped that in this way, the phenomenon of Xiaoguo's defection could be stopped. However, Emperor Yang of Sui found that he couldn't stop it at all, and Xiaoguo still defected in batches. In the end, Emperor Yang of Sui simply ignored it and implemented the "ostrich policy".

After Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty went to Jiangdu three times, he specially sent a general to manage Xiaoguo, and the tiger Benlang general Sima Dejiao. Sima Dejiao saw that Xiaoguo kept fleeing, which also tugged at his heartstrings. He is also from Guanzhong, and he also wants to return to his hometown.

So, Sima Dejiao and the other two generals, Hu Benlang General Yuanli and Zhige Pei Qiantong, conspired to discuss, Sima Dejiao said to Yuanli and Pei Qiantong:

Now everyone wants to die, I want to say it, I am afraid that I will be punished first; Needless to say, if the incident happens later, it will inevitably be wiped out, but what? Hearing that the pass had fallen, Li Xiaochang rebelled against Huayin and imprisoned his second brother and wanted to kill him. My family members are all in the West, can I not worry about this?

After Yuan Li and Pei Qiantong listened to Sima Deji's words, they were frightened and hurriedly asked Sima Dejia, what should I do next? Sima Dejiao said, if Xiaoguo continues to flee, we might as well flee with them and return to their hometown in Guanzhong. In the end, the three hit it off and decided to flee together.

Sima Dejiao, Yuan Li, and Pei Qiantong have actually decided to form a group to escape. Since they decided to escape, they developed their own downlines, wanting to escape with more people. Sure enough, under the instigation of these three people, many officials and generals joined the fleeing team. For example, the inner chamberlain Yuan Min, the Huya Lang general Zhao Xingshu, the Yingyang Lang general Meng Bing and others, the fleeing team is getting bigger and bigger.

In the end, these people even had no scruples, and even discussed defection in public. The so-called "wall has ears", the defection plan of these generals was accidentally overheard by a palace maid. This palace maid immediately reported to Empress Xiao, and Empress Xiao asked this palace maid to report to the emperor.

Unexpectedly, after hearing this, Emperor Yang of Sui was furious and immediately killed the palace maid. This has already shown that Emperor Yang of Sui has completely lost his mind at this time. Seeing that Emperor Yang of Sui was hopeless, Empress Xiao let out a long sigh and said to everyone helplessly:

Once the world has come to this, there is no one to save it, what is the use of words! In vain makes the emperor worried!

We can't help but feel sad for Emperor Yang of Sui. As a generation of emperors, isn't it a great sadness that even his wife, who has been with him for many years, is so indifferent? To be exact, this is the sorrow of Emperor Yang of Sui, and the last sorrow of the entire Great Sui Dynasty!

Originally, this was just a simple defection of the forbidden army, but why did it turn directly into a bloody military coup later? The reason is very simple, because of the emergence of a careerist, he will be the young eunuch Yu Wenzhi. Yu Wenzhi and who are they? He was the son of Emperor Yang of Sui's favored retainer Xu Guogong Yu Wenshu.

Yu Wenshu was born in the Guanlong aristocratic group, and was an old minister of the feudal mansion when Emperor Yang of Sui was the king of Jin, and made great contributions to Emperor Yang of Sui when he entered the East Palace. Emperor Yang of Sui liked Yuwenshu very much, and married his daughter Princess Nanyang to Yuwenshu's youngest son Yuwenshi, and the two formed a family of sons and daughters.

Moreover, Yuwenshu is also a military general, the three commanders rebelled, pacified Nanchen, and the Sui Yang Emperor's crusade against Tuyuhun, the three expeditions to Goguryeo, and the suppression of Yang Xuangan's rebellion, Yuwenshu was involved. It can be said that Yu Wenshu is also a general who has made meritorious contributions on the battlefield with one knife and one shot.

Why did Emperor Yang of Sui trust Yuwenshu so much? Of course, it's not because of Yuwenshu's military exploits. The most important thing is that among the many ministers, Yuwenshu listened to Emperor Yang of Sui the most, and obeyed Emperor Yang of Sui's words, even to the point of blind obedience. Even if Emperor Yang of Sui made mistakes, Yuwenshu listened to them correctly, never expressed any opinions, and had no principles at all. According to the records of the historical books, Yuwenshu's character is like this:

The so-called can also be said, the so-called no, also said no, also said no, everything is right and wrong, and it cannot be taken lightly. (The Book of Sui: The Biography of Yuwen)

So, why is Yuwen Zhiji a careerist? That's because Yuwen Zhihe has a grudge against Emperor Yang of Sui. Back then, Yu Wenzhi and his brother Yu Wenhua and two people were well-known gentlemen, flying eagles and lackeys all day long, bullying women from good families, and having a very bad reputation.

Later, the two brothers did not know how to restrain themselves, openly violated the ban, and did business with the Turks privately. As a result, Yu Wenhua, Yu Wenzhi and his brothers were imprisoned by Emperor Yang of Sui, and threatened to kill the two of them. In the end, it was their younger sister Princess Nanyang who came out to plead with their father, and Emperor Yang of Sui released the two brothers and pardoned them for their capital crimes.

Although Emperor Yang of Sui did not kill these two frivolous sons, Emperor Yang of Sui's punishment was still quite severe. In order to make the two of them have a long memory, Emperor Yang of Sui ordered that the two brothers be demoted from Yuwenshu's sons to Yuwenshu's house slaves, and let Yuwenshu lock them up at home, which is nearly ten years. Since then, Yuwen Zhiji has hated Emperor Yang of Sui.

In November of the twelfth year of the Great Cause (616), not long after Emperor Yang of Sui went to Jiangdu, Yuwenshu died. Before dying, Yu Wenshu handed over his last note, hoping that the emperor could look at his face, pity his two unscrupulous sons, and give them a chance to be a new person.

Emperor Yang of Sui also looked at the face of the old minister Yuwenshu, and after Yuwenshu's death, let his eldest son Yu Wenhuahe, inherit the title of Duke of Xuguo, and appoint him as the general of the Right Tunwei to take charge of the forbidden army; Yuwen Zhihe was appointed as a junior eunuch.

Sima Dejiao and others developed offline, and soon developed to Yuwenzhi and here. At this time, Yuwen Zhiji's heart began to come alive and expressed his opposition to the defection plan. Yu Wenzhi said to Sima Dejiao and others that instead of running away, it was better to do nothing, launch a mutiny, and directly kill Emperor Yang of Sui:

Although the Lord has no way, the authority is still in force, and the Qing and others are dead, just like Dou Xian takes the dead ear. Today, there are tens of thousands of rebels, because of the great things, the cause of the emperor. (Information Governance Guide)

Regarding Yuwen Zhihe's proposal to mutiny, Sima Dejiao was also moved. Therefore, those Xiaoguo generals who originally decided to defect immediately changed their minds and did not run away, but took a risk, launched a mutiny, and killed Emperor Yang of Sui. Therefore, a military coup d'état to kill the monarch was launched.

Since it was decided to mutiny and kill the king, it needed a leader. Some people may say that either Sima Dejiao will take the lead, or Yu Wenzhi will take the lead. Because Sima Dejiao controlled the Xiaoguo Army, Yu Wenzhihe was the initiator of the mutiny, and it was most appropriate for these two people to lead the mutiny.

However, neither Sima Dejiao nor Yuwen Zhiji had enough prestige at that time. After all, the mutiny to kill the emperor is a matter of nine deaths and a high risk factor, and if you don't get it right, it will be a disaster of losing your head. Therefore, the leader of this mutiny is particularly important, and it is necessary to elect a person with qualifications and prestige to lead this mutiny. So, who has the most prestige? Of course, it's Yuwen Zhiji's brother - Yu Wenhua.

Yu Wenhua is the eldest son of Yu Wenshu, and after Yu Wenshu's death, his Duke of Xu Guo was inherited by Yu Wenhua. Therefore, Yu Wenhua is the heir of the Yuwen family. What's more, Yu Wenhua served as the general of the Right Tun Guard at that time, in charge of the forbidden army, and was quite prestigious in the forbidden army. You Yu Wenhua and came out to lead the Jiangdu mutiny, which is the most suitable candidate.

After finalizing the leader of the mutiny, Sima Dejiao and others sent people to explain the plan of the mutiny to Yu Wenhua and Hepan, and asked Yu Wenhua to pick this head. In the face of the mutiny plan, what is Yu Wenhua's attitude? The account of the "Zizhi Tongjian" is very interesting:

Sexual crossbow cowardice, smelling it, changing color and sweating, and then obeying it.

Don't look at Yu culture and do no evil on weekdays, don't be afraid of heaven and earth. However, when it came to a critical moment, he immediately relented. At that time, Yu Wenhua heard that he was making his head, and the whole person was so frightened that he was sweating, and his face changed. However, after sweating, Yu Wenhua still agreed. Yu Wenhua must agree, if he doesn't agree, it is estimated that he will be killed on the spot by the Xiaoguo army who are preparing to mutiny.

Today's situation is that the arrow is ready to be sent and has to be sent. Sima Dejiao and other generals of the forbidden army sharpened their knives and were ready to launch a mutiny at any time. Now, it's just a good time. Therefore, Sima Dejiao, Pei Qiantong and others created an opportunity for the mutiny and spread rumors among Xiaoguo:

His Majesty wanted to rebel when he heard the fruit, drank a lot of poisonous wine, and wanted to kill him because of the enjoyment of the meeting, and stayed here with the southerners alone. (Information Governance Guide)

As soon as this rumor spread, the Xiaoguo people immediately exploded, and one by one they hated Emperor Yang of Sui, and the entire army began to move. Sima Dejiao saw that the soldiers were already extremely angry, and thought that the time for the mutiny had come. Therefore, the Jiangdu Mutiny officially kicked off.

Sima Dejiao set the time of the mutiny on March 10 of the second year of Yining (618), and they decided to launch a military coup d'état on this night, attacking Jiangdu Palace at night and killing Emperor Yang of Sui. However, the Jiangdu Palace was heavily guarded, and outside the palace, the famous future Hu'er led the army to garrison; In Miyagi, there are the most elite "envoy camps" guards. How to break through this layer of guards, there must be a careful mutiny plan.

On the day of the mutiny, it was overcast, so it got dark very quickly. At dusk, Sima Dejiao took advantage of the night to secretly release the horses in the stable, and then ordered the soldiers to polish their weapons. After some fierce battles, Sima Dejiao began to assign tasks to the mutinous generals.

How is it distributed? Yu Wenzhi is responsible for responding outside the palace, and Sima Dejiao is in charge of the palace city. Sima Dejiao asked Yuanli and Pei Qiantong to be on duty in the palace, responsible for the work in the palace, mainly focusing on Emperor Yang of Sui; At the same time, another general, Tang Fengyi, was originally responsible for closing the city gates. However, Tang Fengyi and Pei Qiantong had discussed it in advance, and on the day of the incident, they covered the city gate and did not latch the door.

After everything was ready, at the time of the third watch, Sima Dejiao gathered tens of thousands of Xiaoguo in Dongcheng and lit torches, echoing with Yuwen Zhihe outside the city. At the same time, Yu Wenzhi and Meng Bing, the general of Yingyanglang, gathered more than 1,000 people outside the palace, kidnapped Feng Pule, the waiting guard who was in charge of patrolling the night, and then quickly divided his troops to guard the streets outside the city. In this way, the outside of the palace has basically been controlled by the rebels.

Tens of thousands of Xiaoguo gathered outside the city, and they also lit torches, making too much noise. Emperor Yang of Sui, who was in the palace, saw the fire outside the palace and couldn't help but wonder.

So, Emperor Yang of Sui asked His Royal Highness Pei Qiantong, who was on duty, what happened outside the palace? Pei Qiantong had already been a participant in the mutiny, and his task was to keep an eye on Emperor Yang of Sui. I saw Pei Qiantong say lightly: "The grass workshop is on fire, and outsiders are saving the ears." Emperor Yang of Sui really thought that the grassland was on fire, so he didn't care too much.

Although Emperor Yang of Sui was blinded in the past, someone noticed that the situation was wrong, who was it? The grandson of Emperor Yang of Sui, Yang Qi, the king of Yan.

Yan Wang Yang Qi immediately understood that someone was trying to cause chaos. So, Yang Qi hurriedly wanted to report to his grandfather Emperor Yang of Sui. How do you report it? Yan King Yang Qi secretly lurked at Fanglin Gate, passed through Xuanwu Gate through the drainage channel, and went to the palace to report to Emperor Yang of Sui.

However, as soon as Yan Wang Yang Qi arrived at Xuanwu Gate, he was stopped by the guards. Yang Qi was in a hurry, and lied that he was suffering from a stroke, and came to say goodbye to Emperor Yang of Sui: "The minister suddenly suffered a stroke, and his life hangs on the balance, please resign." Of course, Pei Qiantong didn't believe it, and without asking for instructions, he privately imprisoned Yang Qi, the king of Yan.

The next day, in the early morning of March 11, the rebels divided into two routes and rushed into the Jiangdu Palace. One route Pei Qiantong led hundreds of cavalry and rushed straight into the elephant hall.

At this time, the general in charge of the Chengxiang Hall of the Suwei was Dugusheng, the general of the Right Tunwei. Dugu Sheng saw Pei Qiantong leading troops into the palace, and felt faintly uneasy, so he asked Pei Qiantong, what do you want to do. Pei Qiantong only replied: "The situation is already there, and the military will not be preempted; The general is cautious! ”

As soon as Dugu Sheng heard this, he understood that they were going to rebel. Dugu Sheng didn't even have time to put on his armor, so he fought with the rebels with a sword. However, he was outnumbered, and after a while, Dugusheng was killed by the rebels, and more than ten guards were also killed. In this way, the rebels led by Pei Qiantong successfully entered the palace.

The other rebel army, led by Sima Dejiao, went straight to the Xuanwu Gate, and from the Xuanwu Gate to the palace outflank. In fact, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty arranged an elite army in Xuanwumen - "to the envoy camp".

Most of the soldiers who were "given to the envoy battalion" were selected from the brave and good fighters among the officials and slaves. In order to make them loyal to him, Emperor Yang of Sui gave them quite good treatment, and also married some palace maids who were like flowers and jade to these envoys. Therefore, the "envoy camp" is the last line of defense to defend the Jiangdu Palace.

However, at this time, Sima Dejiao went straight to Xuanwu Gate, but the "envoy camp" was nowhere to be seen. It turned out that the rebels had already bought off the Sigong Wei clan, who managed the "envoy camp".

On the day of the mutiny, the Wei clan of the palace falsely passed the holy decree and transferred all the envoys out of the palace. Therefore, at the time of the mutiny, not a single soldier in the embassy camp was in Xuanwumen.

In this way, the rebels from the two routes, all the way like a bamboo, broke into the Jiangdu Palace, and rushed towards the sleeping palace of Emperor Yang of Sui. Emperor Yang of Sui finally reacted at this moment, and someone rebelled. So, in the face of the rebels who rushed into the palace, what would Emperor Yang of Sui, as the king of a country, do?

Emperor Yang of Sui's first reaction was: run. So, Emperor Yang of Sui hurriedly changed his clothes and fled to the West Pavilion to hide from the rebels. After Pei Qiantong and Yuan Li broke into the palace, they found that Emperor Yang of Sui was gone. Immediately afterwards, the two men rushed into Yongxiang with the rebels. When he arrived at Yongxiang, he grabbed a beautiful woman and threatened her, "Your Majesty is here?" This beauty trembled with fright, and hurriedly pointed at the West Pavilion with her finger. Meaning, the emperor was there.

Knowing the whereabouts of Emperor Yang of Sui, a lieutenant named Linghu Xingda in the rebel army drew his sword and went straight to the West Pavilion. Emperor Yang of Sui saw Ling Hu Xingda coming with a knife through the window, and said in a panic, Do you want to kill me? Linghu Xingda replied, I don't dare, we just want to welcome His Majesty back to Chang'an. After speaking, Ling Hu Xingda helped Emperor Yang of Sui to walk down the West Pavilion.

After leaving the Western Pavilion, Emperor Yang of Sui confronted the rebels. At first glance, I saw Pei Qiantong, who turned out to be a close confidant of Emperor Yang of Sui when he was the king of Jin. Emperor Yang of Sui couldn't help but be taken aback, and asked: "It's not me!" Why hate? Pei Qiantong's words were exactly the same as Linghu Xingda, the minister did not dare to rebel, but he just returned to his majesty and prepared to welcome His Majesty back to Chang'an. Hearing this, Emperor Yang of Sui immediately got off the donkey, saving his life, and said:

I want to return, just because the rice boat on the river has not arrived, and now I will return to your ears! (Information Governance Guide)

Emperor Yang of Sui said this, but it was an expedient measure, and he also understood that it was impossible for him to get out of the way. In this way, Pei Qiantong led his troops to capture Emperor Yang of Sui. Now that Emperor Yang of Sui has been captured, the next step is to meet the rebel leader Yu Wenhua. However, Yu Wenhua and at this time behaved awkwardly:

Transformation and trembling can not be spoken, people have come to confess, but bow their heads and say sin according to the saddle. (Information Governance Guide)

In the end, Yu Wenhua was dragged by the rebel soldiers and reluctantly helped onto the horse. When he walked to the palace gate, Sima Dejiao personally came to greet Yu Wenhua, welcomed him to the court, and temporarily called him the prime minister.

After Sima Dejiao arranged Yu Culture, in the Jiangdu Palace, Pei Qiantong said to Emperor Yang of Sui: "All the officials are in the court, and Your Majesty must personally give condolences." After speaking, he took a horse and forced Emperor Yang of Sui to get on the horse.

Emperor Yang of Sui is now a prisoner of the rebels, and can only be at his mercy. Even at this point, Emperor Yang of Sui is still putting on the shelf of the emperor. He glanced at the horse and thought that the saddle was too old and that he was going to get a new one.

There was no way, Pei Qiantong could only give him a new one. Then, Emperor Yang of Sui turned over and got on the horse, Pei Qiantong held the reins in one hand and a knife in the other, coerced Emperor Yang of Sui and walked out of the palace gate, "Qiantong carried the knife out of the palace gate".

When the rebels saw the invincible Emperor Yang of Sui and fell to this step, the ranks immediately thundered with joy. Emperor Yang of Sui was about to be coerced into the court, but at this time, the "waste dim sum" Yu Wenhua changed again. Yu culture and let people say: "What is the use of holding this thing out, and it is urgent to return it to the hand." What he meant was to let Pei Qiantong kill Emperor Yang of Sui directly, without bringing him to see him.

In desperation, Pei Qiantong had no choice but to take Emperor Yang of Sui back to the dormitory. Subsequently, Pei Qiantong and Sima Dejiao showed their sharp blades one after another, staring at Emperor Yang of Sui viciously, ready to make a move against Emperor Yang of Sui.

Emperor Yang of Sui knew that he would definitely die today, so he sighed and asked, "Why am I guilty of this?" At this time, a rebel named Ma Wenju began to count the sins and mistakes of Emperor Yang of Sui with righteous indignation:

His Majesty violated the temple, paraded endlessly, went on a field expedition, and was extremely extravagant inside, so that Ding Zhuang was exhausted by the arrow, the women were weak and filled in the ravines, the four people lost their jobs, and the thieves swarmed; full-time and non-refusal; What is innocence! (Information Governance Guide)

In the face of the rebels' loud accusations, how did Emperor Yang of Sui answer? At this time, Emperor Yang of Sui was ashamed to defend himself:

I am a true responsibility to the people; As for your generation, you have both glory and luxury, how can it be so! Who is the first evil in today's events?

Emperor Yang of Sui really didn't realize until he died, and he didn't understand the simple truth of cherishing the people until he died, which even a three-year-old child knows. He believed that as long as he treated the bureaucrats under his command well, the bureaucrats would be loyal to him, and the world would be loyal to him. As everyone knows, when he goes perverse to the extreme, the whole world will abandon him, even the bureaucrats he once treated favorably, he will abandon him as an emperor.

After listening to Emperor Yang of Sui's sophistry, Sima Dejiao spoke: "Pu Tian has the same grudge, why not one person!" "At that time, the scene had reached the point of saber rattling. Accompanying Emperor Yang of Sui was only his twelve-year-old son Yang Gao, King of Zhao. This twelve-year-old child, who had never seen such a battle, howled and cried on the spot. Pei Qiantong was impatient, his hand fell, and he immediately killed Yang Gao, the twelve-year-old king of Zhao, and his blood splashed Emperor Yang of Sui.

After killing Yang Gao, the king of Zhao, the next person the rebels wanted to kill, naturally Emperor Yang of Sui. In the face of death, at the last moment of his life, Emperor Yang of Sui showed his last pride and majesty, and he arrogantly said to the rebels: "The Son of Heaven has his own way to die, how can he use a sharp blade!" Fetch the wine! According to the record of the "Zizhi Tongjian":

At the beginning, the emperor knew that he would be in trouble, and often used poppy to store poison by himself, saying that fortunately Zhu Ji said: "If the thief comes, you Cao should drink it first, and then I will drink it." "And chaos, Gu Suo medicine, left and right fled, but I couldn't get it.

After Emperor Yang of Sui went to Jiangdu three times, he knew that a catastrophe was coming, so he prepared poisoned wine in advance and handed it over to his favorite concubine for safekeeping. Moreover, he also told these beauties that if the thieves enter the palace, you will hand over the poisoned wine to me, and I will never be humiliated by the thieves.

The problem is that when the rebels invaded Jiangdu Palace, the eunuchs and palace maids in the palace, including these beauties, all scattered and ran away, and no one could be found at all. So, where are the rebels going to find him poisoned wine!

At this point, Emperor Yang of Sui still bowed his noble head to fate, and this generation of heroes who compared himself to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty finally admitted defeat. Emperor Yang of Sui untied a three-foot silk practice and handed it over to the rebel general Linghu Xingda.

In this way, Yang Guang, the once eloquent and strategic, bent on establishing a thousand-autumn emperor, and once arrogant and lascivious, perverse and perverse of the generation of Emperor Yang Guang of Sui, died in the hands of the most trusted Praetorian Guards in the fifty years of life. This year, Emperor Yang of Sui was just fifty years old.

After Emperor Yang of Sui was killed, his body, together with the body of his youngest son Yang Gao, King of Zhao, was hastily buried in the Liuzhu Hall in the west courtyard of Jiangdu Palace by Empress Xiao and several palace maids. was majestic in life, but after death, it was so sloppy and desolate. For Emperor Yang of Sui, isn't this a great irony!

In March of the second year of Yining (618), Jiangdu mutinied, and Emperor Yang of Sui was killed by the Xiaoguo rebels. So, after killing Emperor Yang of Sui, how did the rebel leader Yu Wenhua treat the Sui Dynasty's clans and ministers in Jiangdu? In a word, Yu Wenhua and began to kill.

Don't look at Yu Culture and the entire Jiangdu Mutiny, showing a wretched look. However, after the mutiny, Yu Wenhua immediately showed a ruthless side. The most typical manifestation is that he launched a crazy massacre of the clans and important ministers of the Sui Dynasty.

First of all, Yu Wenhua launched a bloody slaughter against the Sui Dynasty clan, and most of the Sui Dynasty clan princes were brutally murdered. For example, Yang Xiu, the fourth brother of Emperor Yang of Sui, the king of Shu, and his seven sons; Emperor Yang of Sui's second son, Yang Hui, the king of Qi, and his two sons; Including Emperor Yang of Sui's grandson, Yan Wang Yang Qi, they were all killed by Yu Wenhua, and the members of the Sui Dynasty clan were almost killed. "Zizhi Tongjian" records that "the Sui clan, relatives, all of them died".

Secondly, Yu Wenhua also wielded a butcher's knife against many important ministers of the Sui Dynasty. In the Jiangdu Mutiny, countless important ministers of the Sui Dynasty were killed, such as Yu Shiji, the servant of the internal history, Pei Yun, the imperial historian, the general of Zuo Yiwei, the general of Lai Hu'er, the secretary and supervisor Yuan Chong, the general of the right Yiwei, Yuwenxie, Qianniu Yuwenxie, Liang Gong Xiao Ju, Shen Guang, the general of Zhichong Lang, Mai Mengcai, and Qian Jie, the general of Huyalang, were all killed.

For a time, in the Jiangdu Palace, there was a river of blood and millions of corpses. Jiangdu mutinied, and the rebels succeeded in killing Emperor Yang of Sui. So, after Yu Wenhua killed Emperor Yang of Sui, did he directly claim himself emperor? Not really. Yu Wenhua and like Li Yuan, he pretended to pass on the order of Empress Xiao and supported Yang Hao, the nephew of Emperor Yang of Sui, as emperor.

Yu Wenhua and the self-proclaimed prime minister, the general leader of the hundred officials, with the second brother Yu Wenzhi and the left servant, the third brother Yu Wenshi and the internal history of the order, and the Yellow Gate servant Pei Ju as the right servant. Yang Hao, the king of Qin, is just a puppet of Yu Wenhua, and he himself controls the government, covers the sky with one hand, and does whatever he wants.

Jiangdu mutinied, Emperor Yang of Sui died, leaving behind a chaotic era of division of heroes. After the death of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, the world immediately fell into a situation where a group of dragons had no leader, and the separatist forces in various places competed with each other. The eventual demise of the Sui Dynasty was only a matter of time.

In such a leaderless situation, what kind of actions will Li Yuan, who occupies Guanzhong, have? When the news of Emperor Yang of Sui's death reached Chang'an, how did Li Yuan react? How did Li Yuan finally officially replace the Sui dynasty and establish the Tang Dynasty? In what way was the Tang Dynasty, a great empire that is glorious and powerful in ancient and modern times, born in the land of China?