preface

Xia Ji business, violent and resting; King Wu swallowed Shang, Duke Zhou Tuf, the princes were divided, the Spring and Autumn Period, the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, and returned to Qin Huan; Chu River Han Boundary, Wang Mang Segment; Wei Shu Wu Lian, Zhuge Ziqian; Sima Dai Cao, the Eight Kings attacked; The north and the south were merged, and the five were chaotic; Yang Sui Kaihuang, Li Tang Zhenguan; Five dynasties and ten countries, chaotic and noisy; Chai Rongxing Zhou, Kuang Yin Lisong, Xia Li Liaojin, and returned to the Yuan Dynasty; Yuanzhang is open-minded, and Li and Gui are shaded; The Jurchens are full of 10,000 and brazenly enter the customs; After Xinhai, the dynasty was gloomy.

For more than 5,000 years, the changes of dynasties and the places of conquest are all tens of thousands of households and thousands of villages.

Tang Renyun: People say that the ancient war court is blue.

Ming Renyun: The decayed grass and remnants of the ancient battlefield, the bloody wind blows the blood and splashes the clothes. The dust and sand look at three thousand miles, but see the horse's head slanting and the sun yellow.

Yuan Renyun: The peaks and mountains are like gathering, and the waves are like anger. Mountains and rivers surface Tongguan Road. Looking at the western capital, he hesitated. Sad, the Qin and Han dynasties, the palace and thousands of rooms have been made of soil. Xing, the people suffer; Death, the people suffer.

In the world for a hundred years, what is the prosperity and decline? The sleep of the fox is ruined, and the rabbit walks on the deserted platform; Throughout the ages, the strong and the weak are here? the cold yellow flower of dew; Smoke Fade Grass.

It's disheartening to think about it.

This article does not talk about the reincarnation of the world and the more wear of life, but only talks about the rise and fall of the Great Qing Dynasty and the events of the next 40 years.

The rise and fall of the Qing Dynasty originated from the poppy; The change of the Qing Dynasty began with Hong Xiuquan and his people.

The opium poppy is native to the mountains of the eastern Mediterranean, and the ancient Egyptians and Sumerians called it "the happy plant" and "the flower of forgetting worries".

In the 5th century B.C., the Greeks extracted crows from the fruit of the opium poppy. Slice.

By 3400 BC, the valley of the two rivers was already widely cultivated.

In 139 BC, Zhang Qian sent an envoy to the Western Regions, and the poppy spread to China. During the Tang Dynasty, trade with Arabia and Persia was frequent, and the amount of imports gradually increased, but it was only used for medicinal purposes.

In 1619, the Dutch conquered the Indonesian archipelago. The pieces then poured into the islands of the South China Sea, and the fire at the city gate affected the fish in the pond, and the poison spread rapidly to China. In 1729, the Yongzheng Emperor issued the first ban on smoking.

Tea, native to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. During the Tang Dynasty, it began to make drinks, and gradually became a necessity of life. There is "no tea for one day, stagnation, and three days without tea for disease." "That's it.

In 1664, King Charles II of England occasionally received a handful of water and drank it, lamenting that this was the most beautiful gift from the East to the West. In just 50 years, tea became a popular beverage in the UK, with imports increasing to 6 million kilograms a year.

From 1701 to 1759, imports from China amounted to 280 million taels of silver, while exports amounted to only 90 million taels. The deficit is staggering, and the king of England trembles.

At the beginning of the 17th century, a group of entrepreneurial Englishmen formed the East India Company in London and set up a trading post in India. The prerogatives of the government to seize land and mint coins, build cities and raise troops, conclude alliances, declare war and peace, and hear civil and criminal cases.

From 1756 A.D., in nine years, the East India Company succeeded in swallowing elephants after seven campaigns.

In 1773, Warren. Hastings was appointed as the first Viceroy of India and was responsible for the affairs of India. The East India Company acquired the Raven at the same time. Piece monopoly, it was suggested that Hastings dumped crows in China. pieces, eliminate the deficit.

Hastings refused, he argued, that the crow. Tablets are harmful things, the harm is huge, China is the world's largest trade market, dumping crows. The film will jeopardize the legitimate business, which is too uneconomical.

In 1775, the American War of Independence against Great Britain began.

In 1780, the Netherlands joined the war as an ally of the United States, and the exchange of Dutch silver coins with British pounds was stopped. The Dutch silver coin was the only foreign settlement currency recognized by the Qing Dynasty Zhengfu. Britain lost a source of silver coins and was unable to pay for the purchase of Chinese tea.

Hastings was no longer stubborn, and in 1781, two ships of the East India Company loaded 3,450 boxes of 218799 kilograms of crows. The merchant ships sailed to China.

Since then, crows have been sold to China. The number of pieces increased year by year, and by 1804 a balance of trade with China was achieved.

Before 1820, the East India Company was very cautious about crows. The sales volume of the film is controlled within 5,000 boxes per year, and the price is kept at a high level, so that not only can huge profits be obtained, but also can only be consumed in a small area, so as not to attract the attention of Qingzhengfu.

After 1820, the steam engine was used in large quantities, and the production capacity of the British textile industry increased dramatically, and cheap textiles began to be dumped into India. India thus ran a large trade deficit and the Viceroy of India had to significantly increase its crow against China. Piece export.

After 1821, it quickly increased to 7,800 boxes per year, and by 1830 it had reached 18,956 boxes.

In 1833, the British government. The government abolished the East India Company of Raven. Piece monopoly, for a time, crow. The piece trade was like a wild horse, quickly reaching 30,000 boxes.

By 1836, nearly 40,000 boxes had arrived......