Zhenjiang is lost, and the road is lost. Emperor Daoguang was poor.

The household department played again: the treasury was close to zero, and the food and salary seemed to be unsustainable.

Emperor Daoguang had no choice but to preach: Qiying, Niu Jian, Yiribu and others tried to restrain them, and where they were engaged cheaply, they should be handled by power, and I would not be remote. If the ship returns to Guangdong, the port can be given, and Guangzhou, Fujian, Zhejiang, and Haikou can choose the time for trade. If the matter is over, fly to consult the scriptures; If there is no solution, he will also fly with the troops. Be cunning, don't take risks alone. In addition, all important matters must be prepared for the Minister and others to be clearly and properly discussed, and they must be repeatedly elaborated, so as to ensure that there will be no future troubles. The minister and others knew that it was difficult to deal with the aftermath and that other countries could not help but be angry, that is, they should think ahead and plan ahead, and strive to solve the problem before it happens. Leave a gap in compensation, and have an excuse in the future, so as not to create a branch and deal with the constraints. In addition, the rebellious people in Zhenjiang took advantage of the chaos to vent their anger and set up arson with officials, which is really a heinous crime. The deputy capital of Hailing, with the death of the closed door, no loss in the big festival, still according to the rules of the capital, Zhao Festival, enshrined in the Zhaozhong Temple, and built the ancestral hall Zhenjiang, wife and second grandson attached to the enshrinement.

On August 4, 1842, the British ships arrived on the Nanjing River. Niu Jian was in a hurry, and he was anxious: the crisis was imminent, and he begged the saint to make a quick decision to save the people's lives.

Niu Jian was relieved, and sent people to gallop to Wuxi, inviting Qiying and Yiribu to help.

Niu Jian said: "I am defeated in big battles, small defeats in small battles, and I will lose in every battle; Therefore there can be no more fighting, and there is no need to fight again. ”

Iribu said: "The rebels attacked the city without a beat, and the prisoners were harmless, and they acted differently. It seems that it is only for trade. ”

Qiying said: "Don't talk about other things, only take care of this, the first thing is integrity; Consider my interests and disadvantages, and do not ask the rights and wrongs of the other. Take advantage of the situation, do not do anything, save the general, and adhere to the contract. ”

The three members sighed for a long time, and Emperor Daoguang and the edict arrived, so they unanimously agreed to the terms proposed by Pu Ding Cha.

On August 29, the Treaty of Nanjing was negotiated on the British ship "Gao Huali" by Qi Ying, the governor of Liangjiang, Niu Jian, the deputy governor of Zhapu, and Pu Dingcha, the British plenipotentiary representative in the Qing Dynasty.

The treaty said: Because the Qing Emperor and the British monarch wanted to explain the recent discord and stop the provocation, they agreed to establish a permanent peace treaty. It is to the emperor of the Qing Dynasty who sent the minister to act cheaply, the prince Shaobao, the general of Guangzhou, Guangdong, the general of the clan Qiying, the head of the head wearing a flower feather, the former cabinet governor of the department, Zhapu, the deputy capital of Zhapu, the red belt Yiribu; Minister Plenipotentiary of the British Monarch, Third Class General of the British Subordinate Indian and Other Departments, Hereditary Baron Pu Ding Cha; It is good for the public to compare with each other the decrees they have given to them and the orders given to them with full powers, even if they have discussed the various articles, which are shown below:

1. In the future, peace between the Qing and Britain will always be maintained.

Second, the five treaty ports of Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, and Shanghai were opened, and Britain set up consulates in the treaty ports to manage trade and commerce.

3. Cedion of Xianggang Island.

4. Compensation of 6 million yuan for the price of opium cigarettes.

5. Abolish the old practice of the Thirteen Banks undertaking trade, British merchants can trade with anyone, and the Qing State compensates merchants for owing 3 million yuan.

6. Compensation of 12 million yuan for military expenditure.

7. All compensation shall be paid in four years, and if it is overdue, the interest rate will be increased by 5 yuan per 100 yuan.

8. Release captured and imprisoned British and dependent soldiers and civilians.

9. Qing nationals convicted of associating with the British shall be exempted from criminal responsibility and those who have been imprisoned shall be released.

10. The Qing side shall reasonably set the tariff rate, and after the British goods are taxed at the open ports, they shall not be taxed again in the mainland.

11. Officials of the Qing and British countries should interact with each other on an equal footing.

12. After the Qing Emperor approved the peace treaty and paid 6 million yuan, the British troops withdrew from Zhaobaoshan in Jiangning, Zhenjiang and Zhenhai, but they were still stationed on Zhoushan Island and Gulangyu Island in Xiamen.

13. The peace treaty shall be ratified by the sovereigns of the two countries, and one copy shall be kept for each of the two countries, and one copy shall be kept for each of the ministers of the Great Qing Dynasty and the British minister.

The above articles are related to the discussion and offer, and after the ministers and others respectively signed by the emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the British monarch with a red pen, they will quickly intersect, so that the two countries can hold a book, so as to show their trust; However, the two countries are far apart, and they must not arrive at once, so they are to be prepared in two separate volumes, first by the ministers of the Great Qing Dynasty, and the ministers with plenipotentiary powers of the Great British Ministers, each of whom will decide the affairs of the king, and use the seal letter of the customs defense, and each of them shall hold one volume as the basis, so that it can be carried out properly and without hindrance on the same day in accordance with the articles of the peace treaty. to the one who made the peace.

July 24, 22nd year of Daoguang of the Great Qing Dynasty

August 29, 1842 British year

After the signing of the treaty, Qi Ying said: The interests and interests are at stake, and the safety is at stake, so I have to lower my heart and suppress my anger, and it seems that I am forbearing, and I hope that the matter will be successful, but I do not dare to be brave, and it leads to a break.

Emperor Daoguang took over, sighed, and said: I only hate myself and am ashamed, why should the incident be consistent here? In the midst of all impatience, everything can not but be reluctant to ask, and the lives of millions of people are at stake, and its interests are not only in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, so it is forced to be contained, and all articles are handled according to the proposal.

After retreating, Daoguang did not speak, did not eat or drink, hesitated with his hands, did not taste a respite all night, missed five drums, and suddenly sighed.

Emperor Mu Zhang's Azhi was sad, and he invited Mulan to hunt, and he should cheer up in an eventful autumn.

Emperor Daoguang said: "Okay, don't follow Jian Cheng, only bring the fourth prince Yixi, the sixth prince Yixin and a few older princes." “

Du Shoutian is the teacher of the four princes, and he knows that the wisdom and strength of the four princes are not as good as the six princes, so he confers a plan: do not compete with the brothers with the length of the bow and horse; Birds and beasts breed, and they can't bear to be hurt to live in order to dry the heavens.

Mulan Qiuqiu, Wu Sui Domain, Emperor Daoguang of course wanted to prosper the world, but he was helpless to be embarrassed by the treasury. But when he saw that the four princes were empty-handed, with an innocent face, and said that the elk breeders couldn't bear to hurt each other, they actually smiled.

Many years later, Emperor Daoguang was dying, and then Zhen four and six. Liu'er Yixin is endless, good as a stream. Yi Su knelt on the ground and wept: "The ministers pray to God day and night, and I wish the emperor Ama a speedy recovery, which is the luck of the country, the luck of the people, and the luck of the sons." ”

Two months after the signing of the Nanjing Treaty, Puding inspected the omissions and filled in the gaps, and coerced Qiying to sign the "Humen Treaty", which has 16 paragraphs:

1. All the ministers and ministers of the Imperial Mission drew and stamped the tariff for the import and export of goods, and the five ports of Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, and Shanghai subsequently adopted the form.

2. All the ministers and ministers of the Imperial Mission and the ministers drew and stamped the new trade regulations and attached them, and the five ports of Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, and Shanghai subsequently adopted them as a formality.

3. Article 3 of the new trade regulations stipulates that all fines and seizures of goods submitted for the import of cargo ships shall be returned to the Chinese state for confiscation.

After the opening of the fourth and fifth ports, British merchants were only allowed to trade in the five ports, and were not allowed to go to other places without permission, and Chinese people were not allowed to collude in trade elsewhere. If a British merchant violates the contract and refuses to obey the prohibition, he shall be allowed to be copied by the Chinese officer and the ship and the cargo, and the British official shall not argue; If the Chinese trade privately with British merchants in other ports, the law of the land is in place and should be handled as usual.

5. It has been agreed in Jiangnan that the future business arrears cannot be guaranteed by the official, and if the accounts are conclusive, the people in the property should be settled by the Chinese and British officials from the official office, so as to show fairness; Still according to the original covenant, they pursued each other on their behalf, and neither of them was compensated on their behalf.

6. All British merchants in the five ports, including Guangzhou, are not allowed to march in the countryside at will, let alone go far into the interior. The magistrates of China and the British stewards shall agree on the boundaries of the local people, and shall not cross them, so as to achieve permanent peace. If any Englishman violates the law, regardless of the grade, he shall be arrested by the local people and handed over to the British magistrate to deal with according to the circumstances, but the people shall not beat or injure without authorization, and cause injuries and reconciliation.

7. In the 10,000-year contract, it was stated that the British were allowed to live in the five ports with their dependents, and they would not be bullied or detained. However, the Chinese magistrate and the British magistrate had to agree with the British magistrate on the local people's conditions, where to go, and what house or base to use, which was a quasi-British lease; The lease price must be based on the present value of the five ports, so as to ensure fairness, the Chinese are not allowed to extort, and the British are not allowed to force the rent.

8. Foreign merchants have always been allowed to trade in a port in Guangzhou, and it was discussed in Jiangnan last year that if the Emperor of Mongolia allowed merchants from Western countries to go to Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, and Shanghai for trade in one port, Britain had no regrets, but since the countries were no different from the British, if the Emperor had new favors and all countries in the future, the British should also be allowed to be touched in one and equal manner, so as to show fairness; However, neither the British nor any other country may use this article to make arbitrary requests in order to show their promise.

9. If there are lawless Chinese who have fled to Xianggang for breaking the law, or who have absconded on British official ships or cargo ships to take refuge, once found out by the British officials, they shall be handed over to the Chinese officials to be punished according to law; If the Chinese official or the investigation has been made first, and the British official has not yet found out, the Chinese official should send a note to the British official so that he can visit and strictly take it. If any of the British people of all colors fled to China to hide, the Chinese officials would also be strictly arrested and imprisoned, and handed over to the British officials in the vicinity to take care of them.

10. In every port of the five trade ports, there shall be a British official ship anchored in the other bay to restrain the British merchants and the merchants of the subject countries; Chinese warships are not allowed to stop them.

11. The 10,000-year contract states that once the agreed amount of silver is paid, the British troops stationed in Dinghai and Gulangyu will withdraw immediately. No house inhabited by a British official, whether built by an Englishman or repaired, shall not be demolished, that is, it shall be returned to the Chinese official and handed over to the management of the various households, and there shall be no posthumous repair, so as not to delay the return of the house or to quarrel with each other, so as to make peace.

12. All British businessmen are not allowed to collude with Chinese businessmen and customs officials to evade taxes; In the event of smuggling, the British steward shall immediately report it to the Chinese magistrate so that he may be apprehended; All the goods that have been stolen by him shall be confiscated from the officials, regardless of their value or category, and the stolen merchant ships shall not be allowed to trade, or shall be strictly expelled after their accounts have been cleared, and shall not be protected in the slightest. The magistrate should also find out the Chinese merchants who have colluded with the smuggling and the officials who have sheltered and distributed the fertilizer, and deal with them as usual.

13. Thereafter, all those who trade with the Chinese people to Xianggang must pay taxes and obtain licenses at five ports including Guangzhou; In places that are not in the mutual market, Chinese businessmen are not allowed to obtain licenses to travel to and from Hong Kong, and the Kowloon Patrol Inspection is instructed to inspect and report at any time together with British officials.

14. There is no Chinese official in Xianggang, and if there is any arrears, the British official shall check and handle it in accordance with Article 5 above, so as to unify it.

15. The preceding article stipulates that any person who brings goods to Xianggang for sale, or brings goods from Xianggang to various ports, must be issued a license by each customs. It is now agreed that the customs of each port shall report the license issued by each port to each port on a monthly basis, or from each port to each port, or from each port to Xianggang, one by one on a monthly basis, and the Guangdong Customs will be transferred to the British official who notifies the management of Xianggang for ascertaining and auditing. The British official should also report the number, name and quantity of cargo of the merchant ships to and from the Canton Customs on a monthly basis, and even if the Canton Customs passes through the various customs offices to ascertain and audit, so that mutual inspection can put an end to the disadvantages of false license slips and insinuations and omissions, and there will be no disagreement.

16. The small ships of England shall not lose money. It is now agreed that every ship shall thereafter enter and leave each port, but if there is a load of cargo, the ship shall pay the ship's money by the tonnage, for verification.