Qiying, Guiliang and others went to Tianjin, contacted the four envoys, Qiying was familiar with the road, and smiled and said that all the gentlemen worked hard.

Erjin took the case and said: In the Yuefu Ya, Mr. Qi's chapter is full of untruths, empty excuses, lies, and we are all inhuman. Meeting my husband here today is a lifelong shame. All the treaties proposed by us to your country must be agreed to in full, otherwise we will enter Beijing and Tianjin.

Qiying was embarrassed, retreated, and returned to Beijing.

Gui Liang and Hua Nasha are not familiar with Yiwu and are anxious.

Russian Minister Putiyatin met privately with Gui Liang and Huashana, and said: Britain and France, if they disagree, they will fight each other; What a system! In the previous load, our country fought a fierce war with Britain and France in Kashmir, and the blood flowed like a river...... Britain and France are the common enemies of Russia and China. I received the Tsar's decree that I can supply equipment to your country, resist Britain and France externally, and suppress bandits internally.

Gui Liangdao: Thank you for your help, your envoy has something to ask for, and we will never give up!

Puti Yating's face was happy, and he made a paper agreement, and said: The two adults are slow, I will go to Ergin's place to find out the thoughts of the Yingren, and then go back to negotiate.

Article 12: 1. The Great Emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the Great Emperor of Russia will now reinstate the peace treaty in the way of reconciliation in the past, and the subjects of the two countries will not kill each other or invade each other, but will always protect and reconcile each other.

(2) The Plenipotentiary Ministers of Russia shall communicate with the scholars of the Qing Dynasty and the governors of the coast on an equal footing. The exchange of notes between the ministers and officials stationed in the two countries shall also be on an equal footing.

3. Thereafter, in addition to the dry routes between the two countries that were previously designated for trade in the frontiers, seven treaty ports by sea are now approved by sea, including Shanghai, Ningbo, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Tainan, and Qiongzhou. If any other country adds more ports along the coast, Russia will do the same.

4. The entry of Russian merchant ships into China shall be handled in accordance with the General Regulations on Trade between Foreign Countries and China. If there is prohibited cargo, all the cargo of the merchant ship will be confiscated by the officer.

5. Russia establishes a consulate in Haikou, China. In order to check the living rules of the merchant ships stationed in each Haikou, military ships were sent to anchor there for support. The deliberations of the Russian and Chinese congresses on the purchase of acres of land and the responsibilities of the consulates shall be handled in accordance with the general regulations on trade between China and foreign countries.

6. If a Russian soldier or merchant ship is damaged in a place along the coast of China, the Chinese local government will rescue the deceased and the ship carrying the goods. The public expenses for his rescue are to be reimbursed by Russia. In the coastal areas of China, Russian soldiers and merchant ships are allowed to enter the unopened sea ports near China and buy them at market prices, and the magistrates must not stop them.

(7) In the event of an accident between a person belonging to Russia and China in a trade premises, the Chinese official shall deal with the Russian consular officer in conjunction with the Russian consular officer.

8. Catholicism is originally intended to do good deeds, and if a Russian missionary enters the interior from a trade place, the consular officer and the magistrate of the interior shall inspect the license according to a fixed amount, and if it is a good citizen, they will be released in a drawing escort for inspection.

9. The border between China and Russia, which has not been clearly defined in the past, will be impartially surveyed by trusted officials of the two countries to ensure that the border is cleared and added to this agreement. After the boundary is established, it is entered into the register, drawn as a map, and established a certificate, so that the two countries will never have a dispute between this frontier and the other border......

12. In the future, if the Great Qing Dynasty attaches great importance to foreign trade and other matters, it will be handled and implemented with Russia without further discussion of any interests.

The above 12 articles will be written in two copies after this agreement. The Emperor of the Great Qing Dynasty ruled that after the Emperor of the Great Russian Emperor ruled that the decree would be made and the two countries should be exchanged in Beijing within one year, and they would abide by it forever without violating it. Today, the two countries and the book are copied in Russian and Qing and Chinese characters, mainly in Qing Chinese. The hand-written calligraphy of the ministers of the two countries is charged, and the letter is sealed in exchange for the hand-written letter, and the terms discussed are expected to be handled in accordance with the Chinese Qing script.

The Great Qing Dynasty sent the Minister Plenipotentiary to the University Guiliang

The plenipotentiary minister of the Great Qing Dynasty, Shangshu Hua Shana

Minister Plenipotentiary of the Great Russian Empire

On the third day of the fifth month of the eighth year of Xianfeng

The first day of the first month of the year 1858

Gui Liang pondered for a long time, and said Hua Shanadao: My emperor's edict is to show favor to Russia and control it with raze. The texts are nothing new, but only commercial missions. The right and agreed, with the hand of Russia, to balance Britain and France.

Huashana Dao: Yes.

A few days later, Putiyatin sent a note to Gui Liang: Britain, France, and the United States have made concessions, and the agreement can be signed immediately.

Guiliang and Huashana then met with Erjin and others to resume the five-party talks. Ergin still insisted on the contract and did not make any concessions.

Gui Liang scolded Long Mao for being shameless and taking millet from the fire.

Hua Shana Dao: In addition to compensation, the British and French payments are no different from those of Long Hair, and a certain amount of Long Hair is even more stringent.

Gui Liang sighed: The most poisonous thing is the long-haired heart, the spear has reached the throat, it's just that, sign it!

On June 13, 1858, China, Britain, France, and the United States successively signed the Treaty of Tientsin, with seven paragraphs attached. 1. The Minister is stationed in Beijing. Second, Yingkou, Yantai, Tainan, Tamsui, Shantou, Qiongzhou, Hankou, Jiujiang, Nanjing, and Zhenjiang will be added as treaty ports. 3. Foreign missionaries are free to preach in the hinterland. Fourth, foreigners are allowed to travel to the Mainland. Fifth, foreign merchant ships can travel to and from various ports on the Yangtze River. Sixth, revise the tariff rules and reduce the tonnage tax on merchant ships. Seventh, the indemnity to Britain was 4 million taels of silver, and the indemnity to France was 2 million taels, which were returned to Guangzhou after being paid.

Zhou Peizu, the secretary of the ministry, burst into tears: Waiyi has been stationed in Beijing for a long time, and if there is a move, he must know it, it is fast and detailed, and the action is controlled. Yi people set up museums to preach, demagoguery; If there is a fight, how can it be interrupted? Or there are treacherous and slippery people, who are bait for heavy profits, and they are heavy, and they run rampant in the city, and their troubles are especially unspeakable. A well-dressed and happy family, razed by birds and beasts. Korea, Ryukyu and other countries, for a long time, if they see the recklessness of the Emperor, they will all have the intention of despising the Celestial Empire. What's more worrying, the Yi people have been domineering for many years, full of evil, and the people of China have no hatred to the bone, and now they are stationed in Beijing, approaching the palace ban, and the outside world is enmity, and the Yi will take revenge in Beijing; The change of elbows and armpits can be chilling.

Emperor Xianfeng retreated from the dynasty, shrunk the Qianqing Palace, and sighed for a long time: the covenant of all nations, the imperial father only allowed five mouths, and cut a corner of Oak Port. Now, the foreign Yi is stationed in the chariot, the rivers are navigable, the Yi boats are cruising, and the country is open; I am really incompetent, ashamed of my ancestors and ancestors, and ashamed of my ancestors and ancestors.

Yi Guifei said: The Yiren soldiers are in Jingu, if they refuse again, the soldiers will recover, and Jinjing will be difficult to protect. The alliance under the city can only be temporarily allowed; Gather troops and accumulate strength in the coming days, and slowly draw them.

Gui Liangjuan: Long live my emperor, long live the peace agreement with Yizhi, and it must not be used as real evidence. However, if this number of papers is false, the Haikou warships will be temporarily withdrawn. In the future, if you want to break the alliance and abandon it, you only need to treat the slaves and others to deal with the crime of misconduct, and this agreement is only a few pieces of waste paper.

Yi Xin said: The covenant of Tianjin, Qiying misled the country, and he must be severely punished immediately, and he plans to hang and wait for prison.

Su Shun, the Shangshu of the Lifan Yuan, also played: The elders retreated from the battle, and the country and the people were harmed, so as to implement the correct law and set an example.

Emperor Xianfeng said: Yixin Yuan ginseng is inevitably too heavy, that is, Su Shun played, still intending to correct the Fa, and it is not true. Qiying was afraid of being incompetent, the overall situation was undecided, he did not wait for special orders, returned to Beijing without authorization, and failed me. People must die, there is no two ways to love and law, and Tern Qiying made a decision on his own. Monk Greenqin, that is, went to Tianjin to arrange coastal defense. Huang Zonghan, the governor of Liangguang, and the governors of the coastal areas immediately trained the people fiercely and enthusiastically suppressed them. Huang Qing doesn't have to have the heart of a rat to be jealous because there are still officials in the city. However, in the act of suppression, the officials and the people are separated from each other, and there is no need for the officials to be enemies, but only to make the people enemies. When the people's hearts and indignation are used as words, do not show the appearance of military courage and think that it is a subduation. The public opinion is vast, and the momentum is like the rolling of the river, and the people may retreat in the face of difficulties, and the covenant will also fade away.

A month later, in accordance with the sixth paragraph of the "Treaty of Tianjin", the parties agreed to revise the tariff rules in Shanghai, and Emperor Xianfeng issued an edict: the import and export goods were completely exempted from taxation, and the treaties were exchanged for paragraphs 1, 3, 5, and 7.

He Guiqing, the governor of Liangjiang, said: Yi merchants and Yi chiefs are two kinds of goods, and they are exempt from taxation, and Yi merchants are happy to obey; And the Yi chief will be arrogant and insist. Suppressing bandits and paying silver, most of them have come out from here, taxes are exempted, and I am a bamboo basket to draw water, and the legacy is endless.

The scholar Guiliang of the university and the scholar of the Ministry of Ministers Hua Nasha also played: Yi is very arrogant, and matters other than the treaty can be discussed; The establishment of the treaty must not be moved. We are full of words, but none of them are useful. Even if the tax is exempted, Yi will not give in.

He Guiqing and others did not wait for the arrival of the edict, and within three days, they signed the "Treaty on the Aftermath of Trade Tariffs" with Britain, France, and the United States.

There are six articles: 1. The opium trade is legal; Yi merchants are only allowed to sell at treaty ports, and once they leave the country, they are Chinese goods; The import of opium, 30 taels of silver per 100 catties, into the interior, that is, by the local levy of gold, Yi merchants are not allowed to interfere. 2. All import and export goods shall be taxed according to the current price. 3. Foreign freight sold to the mainland is subject to only 2.5 percent of the sub-export tax. Fourth, hire Britons to help with customs and taxation. 5. The minister will be relocated to Shanghai, but he may enter Beijing at any time. 6. On the occasion of the first anniversary of the conclusion of the Treaty of Tianjin, the Rules shall enter into force after a formal exchange of letters.

Emperor Xianfeng angrily reprimanded: I don't feel angry when I see this, I hate it! Your generation's trip, not only can not be eliminated, but it is not as good as the original covenant. He Mou Guiqing, this time to handle the affairs of the country, the only prejudice, not allowing others to start, is very bold, is to regard the will as fashionable, the crime is floating in the elderly.

He Guiqing said: This covenant is only for the purpose of retiring the army; If you want to terminate the agreement, you can't fight with words, but only fight against each other. This should be false and wronged, so that the heart will retreat happily. The day of the renewal of the contract in the coming year is the time when the dagger is poor.

Emperor Xianfeng's edict: In addition to suppressing the Guangdong bandits, there is no one who has consolidated the coastal defense of Tianjin Dagu. Prince Bodol Katai monk Grinqin, must make the best use of his talents, do his best, and defend Dagu, I must be solid. Heilongjiang Russia, I can't afford to care about it for the time being, wait to pacify Britain and France, and then plan with Russia!

Without waiting for the Qing Dynasty to make a decision, Muraviv, the governor of Eastern Siberia, led two gunboats to Aihuicheng and met with Heilongjiang General Yishan.

Muraviev said: Britain and France invaded China, and if Russia and China are bounded by the Heilongjiang River and the Ussuri River, our side can calmly send troops to help China defend against Britain.

Yishan Road: Britain and France invaded China, and I made up my own mind. The border between China and Russia has been agreed to be observed in accordance with the Treaty of Nebuchu and has not changed for more than 100 years. Now, if it is as you and others have discussed, it will be difficult to accommodate.

Muraviev said: As the saying goes: Time is like an arrow, and there are people and things that do not change. This is a draft of the Russian-Chinese border, and you will be asked to reply to it tomorrow.

The next day, Yishan returned the draft treaty to the Russian side, insisting that Muraviv stay outside the city of Aihui.

Muraviev was furious, fired guns, and declared: The deadline is six days, otherwise 20,000 troops will cross the river and march south to support Britain and France, which is the ultimatum.

Yishan was afraid that the war would affect Beijing and Tianjin, and he suffered for six days and signed the "Aihui Treaty".

The treaty stipulates that the left bank of the Heilongjiang River and the Songhua River, from the Ergunne River to the mouth of the Songhua River, shall be the land of the Russian state. The right bank flows down the river to the Ussuri River, which is the place where the Great Qing Kingdom belongs. The land east of the Ussuri River is jointly administered by the two countries. On the left bank of the Heilongjiang River, opposite Aihui City, 64 Tun in Jiangdong, the original Manchurians and others were allowed to live forever in their residences, and they were still under the management of the ministers and officials of the Qing Dynasty, and the Russians, regardless of the officials and the people, were not allowed to infringe.

Tsar Alexander II howled when he heard the news: Muraviv, the governor of Eastern Siberia, had achieved great merit and had acquired a territory of 600,000 square kilometers and a river like the Danube without firing a single shot. The madman of the madhouse, Chadaev, once said: love for the motherland is a beautiful feeling, which will create heroes, and Nikolai Nikolayevich Muraviv Amursky is our Russian hero.

Muraviv laughed and said: His Majesty the Tsar took the quote out of context, Chadaev once said: Love for the motherland is a beautiful feeling, but there is a more beautiful feeling, that is, love for the truth. Love for the Motherland will make heroes, and love for truth will make wise men and benefactors of mankind. Love for the Fatherland will divide the nations, cause national hatred, and immediately clothe the earth in mourning clothes; Love for truth spreads the light of knowledge, creates spiritual enjoyment, and draws people closer to God. The road to heaven does not pass through the motherland, but the truth. If there is only the truth, there is no motherland, and there is no land and food resources under the rule of the motherland, where can we live and live? However, if the Qing people crusade against the whole country, both sides of the Heilongjiang River will definitely wear mourning clothes! Chadaev, a philosophical book, benefited a lot.

When Emperor Xianfeng heard of Aihui's covenant, he angrily denounced Yishan for betraying the country, and said: If you arbitrarily cross the land without agreement, it is a breach of the contract. The governors and generals of Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Hunan must do their best to exterminate the Cantonese bandits. The internal affairs are stable, the Zhuyi is pacified, and the party is scheming with the Russians. Hechun, Dexing A two ministers, must make every effort to attack Jinling, and this is important. After attacking Xun for a long time, it is not necessarily a good thing, Hu Chen Lin Yi, must be supervised again.