The fall of Qin and the extras
In the months following the death of the First Emperor, the state of Qin underwent great changes, the clans fought fiercely for power, the court was chaotic, and the second emperor was completely unable to deal with these contradictions and handed everything over to his teacher Zhao Gao, who gradually grasped the power of the court over time. And in the local almost by the cool officials, most of the cool officials took refuge in the local aristocracy, and the people lived a hard life, especially the prisoners who were suppressed were secretly released, which increased the oppression of the people, in addition, the nobles of the original six countries secretly colluded, and the more onerous labor and laws aggravated the situation, as long as a little fire will ignite the anger of resistance, the indulgence of the second Zhao Gao's lack of political vision and concealment, eventually led to rebellion.
At this time, most of the Qin army was on the border, or returned to the field, the army was not in charge, most of the local troops took refuge in the local squires, and the entire Qin army had few materials and due to years of profligacy, the finances could not support the Qin State to fight for a long time, and it was the best choice to quickly quell the chaos. However, due to the struggle between the ministers and the incompetence of the second led to the intensification of the domestic rebellion, the inaction of the imperial court made the nobles of the six countries more confident, and successively raised troops to restore the country, and the rebel forces were Chen Sheng, Wu Guang was the strongest and had been laying down a number of cities, when the second reacted when the rebels had become a trend, and found a solution in the panic, fortunately, there were leading generals in the court, Zhang Han became the last person to resist the banner of the Qin Dynasty, he used the prisoner army to defeat Chen Sheng, and Wu Guang temporarily stabilized the world.
Zhang Han was recalled to the imperial court after solving Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, and the old aristocratic rebels, large and small, were still rampant, and various places rose up, Zhang Han's return to the dynasty was caused by the struggle for power of Zhao Gao and others, Zhao Gao was worried that Zhang Han's control of military power would cause danger to himself and only let him defeat Chen Sheng, and Wu Guanghou was transferred back to Xianyang. Although the world is chaotic, it still can't control Zhao Gao's power and control of the court. The second was obsessed with the throne and could not extricate himself, ignoring government affairs, which led to Zhao Gao's monopoly on the court, and delegated the ministers who dared to reflect the facts, since then the entire court has only chanted the great cause of the second and the ministers who reported the stability of the people, the second is in it and sinks the wheel, sings every day, and simply does not even go to the court, entrusts everything to Zhao Gao, Zhao Gao is good at playing with people's hearts, not good at leading, and finally provokes greater chaos in a series of random commands and then continues to return to the court to fight for power, and then due to Zhao Gao's exclusion and oppression, Most of the sergeants privately participated in the peasant rebellion, and many talented people were not appointed in the court, and left for seclusion in the countryside.
In the third year of the second reign, the rebels attacked Xianyang, and Zhang Han went out again in danger, and this time the opponent was no longer Chen, Wu's generation, but the more heroic and powerful Chu Xiang Yu, even the first emperor had lost in the duel with the Chu people, not to mention the Qin Dynasty, which had long run out of oil? In the expectation of the imperial court, Zhang Han's soldiers were defeated and surrendered, which was easy to shoot down Qin. When the second learned everything, he angrily went to Zhao Gao, and soon the second died, and Zhao Gao supported Fusu's son Ziying to ascend the throne and abolish the throne, called the king of Qin. He then admitted to restoring the status of the Six Kingdoms and hoped to solve the disaster of destroying the country by sealing the throne, but apparently he underestimated the determination of the rebels and the far-reaching influence of the First Emperor's idea of unification, and finally Qin surrendered, but Zhao Gao could not see it, because he killed Ziying when he ascended the throne. Ziying, a talented monarch, was forced to become the king of the dead country, and was executed by Xiang Yu 40 days later, which truly marked the end of the Qin Dynasty.
In the distance, the sycamore flowers fall, the eagle bird flies, the fish and birds in the small lake nearby, the flowers bloom and the butterfly flies on the lakeside, and an old man in white stands beside the lake. The old man sometimes looked far away and sometimes stroked his beard with a fairy body and bones, and soon a cloth cloth came here to salute and said, "Sir is or is not allowed to serve as a disciple?" Although I am not talented, I also want to establish a reputation for the troubled times, and the senior brothers in the past are all sages in history, why do you hinder me? The old man sighed and said: "The unification of the world can be stopped by extraordinary people, your senior brothers are all doing it in response to the situation, and it is also a matter of force to prevent you from being able to protect yourself." He continued: "Tell me what I have to say!" "Buyi Dao: The disciple heard that after winning the government and destroying the Six Kingdoms, he called himself the first emperor (at this time, the old man's hand stroking his beard was slightly paused) and was wearing a black dragon robe. When the old man heard this, he sighed and said, "It is a blessing for the world to have such a person. Later, he frowned and said regretfully: "The black dragon robe is the clothes of the human emperor, dare to be with heaven and earth, compete with heaven and earth, and be the supreme in the world." Since the destruction of the Shang Dynasty, there is no emperor in the world only for the Son of Heaven, it seems that the first emperor is extraordinary and not an ordinary king, but it is a pity that now the people's hearts are floating without Shang Tang when firm, the thoughts are mixed, the selfish desires are too heavy and the greed is too much, he said that the emperor can still overwhelm the heroes, if his descendants do not avoid disasters. After saying that, he looked at the sky. The cloth clothes stood silently and did not come out. The old man is called Guiguzi by the world. Guigu is a person full of miracles, no one knows how long he lived, and no one knows how many disciples he has, as if this doctrine full of unknown Guigu is not as grand as Confucianism and not as far-reaching as Taoism, this is a pragmatic academic, the art of war, thought, and jurisprudence are all involved in the mixture and not chaos, Guigu has a far-reaching impact on the entire Warring States, and his disciples are generally believed by the world: Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Sun Bin, Pang Juan and others are any of the world's top geniuses and wise men, Among them, it is not difficult to find that most of the disciples of Guigu are in opposition, learning different ideas and restricting each other, and few people know that the purpose of Guigu is a mystery.
One day, an old man in yellow came to see Guigu, and the two were weeding in the field, and the man in yellow said, "Aren't you ready to make a move?" Guigu stopped and sighed slightly: "The dispute between unification and division has lasted for hundreds of years, but in the end, the idea of unification is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Then he smiled and said: "I have witnessed and helped the development and rise of the Qin State, but in my bones I always think that I am a native of the Qi State, working for Qin for my ideals and ambitions." After a long pause, he said: "The general trend of the world is divided and combined, but I hope that in my lifetime, the country of Qi will still be there." The old man in yellow then said: "For this reason, you did not hesitate to teach Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Sun Bin, Pang Juan and others to restrain each other to ensure that Qin and the Six Kingdoms reached a balance, but can this change everything?" Guigu said: "You and I both know that the general trend is irreversible, but how do you know that this is not indirectly helping Qin Unification?" Looking at the Seven Kingdoms now, the kings of Qin are obviously more outstanding than the other six countries, and there must be one virtuous in almost three generations, but most of their talented courtiers are from the other six countries, and the will of heaven is like this, who can stop it? At this time, there was a light rain, the two ran back to the grass house in a panic, and soon the mountains and fields were gloomy, and the two of them boiled hot water in the house, at this time the two stomachs screamed one after another, after looking at each other, they looked up at each other and laughed, Guigu beckoned the old man in yellow to come to a grass pavilion, where there was a lot of food, and there was a fine wine The old man in yellow looked at Guigu with a surprised face, Guigu smiled indifferently and said: "This is what some children have been collected, and someone will usually come to clean it, and occasionally teach some children to read and write, which is my reward." Then they ate and drank with the old man in yellow, talked about the general trend of the world, and after drinking, they argued with each other, and finally the two of them held the wooden branches and competed, and returned to the grass hut to sleep one after another. In the early morning of the second day, the two old men went to the countryside to plant beans and collect firewood, and occasionally met many children accompanied by cattle grazing in the countryside, and the children respected the ghost valley and called him Mr., and in the following two months, the two old men discussed a lot, and finally the old man in yellow was leaving, and the two parted and separated after drinking. The old man in yellow is going to find his destined person.
In a prosperous small city, there is often a ragged old man sitting on the edge of the river, the shabby clothes can only be seen vaguely about yellow, the old man holds a yellow stone in his hand all day long, he sits by the river in the city for more than half a month, eats, drinks and naps by the river every day, people are busy, no one cares about him, occasionally a few old people will chat with him, children will come to the river to play, will look for his help, as for those young people, he will mostly treat him as a beggar, occasionally throw him a copper coin, a few are in a hurry, and the face is anxious. The old man waited in the city for a few months and then left, and then he went to several cities to search, but none of the people he met were tested, and just as he entered a small city with his last hope, he finally waited for a satisfactory person.
One afternoon, he took a nap by the city river as usual, not far away a shabby young man hurriedly walked towards him, the young man looked around, absentmindedly to his side, then the old man inadvertently stretched his feet, unfortunately the young man fell down, the young man came back to his senses and came to the old man to apologize vigorously and asked the old man if he was injured, the old man shook his head, the young man saw that he accidentally mixed the old man's straw shoes into the river, looked down at his shoes, and at this time the old man had turned over and fell asleep, The young man took off his shoes and put them on for the old man, then the old man got up and walked away, and handed him the yellow stone in his arms with his backhand, and after the young man solemnly accepted it, the old man turned around and left, and the young man also turned around and left quickly. In a mountain forest outside the city, an old man in yellow rode away on a horse laughing loudly.
The old man in yellow is unknown to the world, but his disciples are famous all over the world, and his disciple is Zhang Liang, the founding military division of the Han Dynasty, who assisted Liu Bang to seize the world.
The culture of the Chu State, the early Chu State is the most powerful to unify the six countries, the peak of the resistance to the powerful Qin and Qi coalition in one fell swoop, throughout the Chu State it is not difficult to find that the country's vitality is the most tenacious of the Seven Kingdoms, Chu's unique power arrangement has advantages and disadvantages, the royal family has great rights, the power is concentrated in the royal family members rather than the court, the Chu people are born warlike, the character is bold and straightforward, the Spring and Autumn Period formed a unique culture, Chu Ci is an important representative, Chu Ci uses more mood words to deepen emotions, This is inseparable from the character of the Chu people, who often attach great importance to the expression of affection and righteousness, so they gradually form a unique culture. Chu has the largest aristocratic group in the Seven Kingdoms, these aristocratic forces and the six countries are married to each other, and the nobles of various countries have frequent exchanges, and the strongest in the Seven Kingdoms are often required by the marriage of other countries, and Chu has always been an important object of marriage in various countries, as one of the overlords of the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu and Jin, Qin have continued to marry for hundreds of years, and the famous is the marriage between Chu Zhuang and Jin, and at the same time have dealings with other countries. The main reason for the refusal of the Qin Wangzheng at the end of the Warring States Period was to avoid the influence of the power of the Chu State on the government of the court, and the marriage was often a manifestation of mutual compromise between the two countries, because the marriage greatly reduced the intensity of the conflict. At the end of the Warring States Period, Chu had the most troops, but most of these soldiers belonged directly to the major nobles and did not directly obey the orders of the King of Chu, so in the end Chu was destroyed by Qin, and at the same time, Chu reached its peak in the late Wenhua development.
The Spring and Autumn Jin Kingdom, the biggest difference between Jin and Chu lies in the attitude towards the children of the royal family, whenever the Jin Dynasty faces to take over the throne, the entire court will fall into chaos, most of the Jin monarchs will choose to execute other brothers when they ascend the throne, the famous in history is that the Jin Wen Gong Chong'er has been in exile in various countries for many years, the royal family is serious, resulting in the gradual concentration of the center of state power in the Dashi clan, and finally the Shi clan has mastered the entire country, and in the late Spring and Autumn Period due to the intensification of the conflict between the Dashi clan, the Jin State is chaotic, In the end, the Jin Kingdom was divided into three countries by the three Dashi clans under it, so Zhao, Wei, and Han stepped onto the stage of history. As the overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin State suppressed Chu and Qin, which were also great powers, and the Jin State and the Chu State fought continuously, until the Jin State concentrated its power in the hands of the Shi clan, and the struggle was relatively reduced, and the confrontation ended after the Jin Dynasty was divided into three points. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin State effectively dispelled Qin's ambition to develop eastward, and Qin expanded westward after that. The influence of the Jin State on the Spring and Autumn States is far-reaching, before that, most of the wars between the countries are up to the end, generally occupy a few cities and stop the war, and the Jin State for those small countries around them to take no dependence on the country to destroy the country, this behavior greatly refreshed the understanding of the countries, so since then the Spring and Autumn Period began to annex wars, until the end of the world from dozens of countries to more than a dozen countries Jin took the lead in the annexation, so that the Jin has the largest territory in the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, because of the territorial dispute between Jin and other countries The relationship is complicated.
Zhao as a member of the three Jin, the strength is naturally not weak, but in the early Warring States period was deeply threatened by other powers, the three Jin Dynasty in Zhao, Han strength in the early stage is not as good as Wei, and Wei has the mind to destroy Zhao wants to unify the three Jin, the famous siege of Wei to save Zhao occurred in this period, Zhao State has been working hard to develop silently after getting out of danger, the entire Zhao State in the early and middle Warring States period is strong itself, Zhao in order to strengthen itself carried out Hu, learn Hu people to ride and shoot, and carry out a series of reforms, in the construction of many canals, effectively solved the drought and flood. Zhao did not advocate expansion, let alone take the initiative to provoke wars, so Zhao and other countries had fewer contradictions and conflicts, and at the end of the Warring States Period, Zhao's strength reached an unprecedented height. Because Zhao rarely had a battle, the strength was not estimated, so Qin began to explore, step by step finally the Battle of Changping began, the main general of Zhao in the early stage of the Battle of Changping was Lian Po, the two sides began a war of attrition, and finally the old king of Zhao passed away and replaced the new king, and the new king saw that the battle of Changping continued to end as soon as possible to defeat the Qin army. In the end, the new king ignored the opposition of the old minister Lin Xiangru and others to replace the veteran Lian Po with a younger and more radical Zhao Kuo, Zhao Kuo such a military wizard newcomer began his battle, and soon Zhao Kuo changed from defense to offense according to the advice of King Zhao, and began to achieve some results, but due to the lack of a deep understanding of the enemy fell into the enemy encirclement, Zhao Kuo fell into the enemy encirclement and quickly organized a breakthrough, in the encirclement for nearly a month to carry out a large and small hundred breakthroughs, and finally the Qin army saw that the Zhao army resisted fiercely without the intention of defeat, had to take the risk of letting go of the flaws in the hope of catching Zhao Kuo, Zhao Kuo's excellent military talent quickly found an opportunity to break through the battle, Zhao Kuo was unfortunately killed by stray arrows in the breakout, and the Zhao army was quickly captured, and then slaughtered by the Qin killing god Bai Qi. Zhao was defeated in the Battle of Changping, but at this time Zhao still had the strength to resist, so although Qin won the victory, he also stopped fighting. The war between Zhao and Qin was a major problem on Qin's way to destroy the Six Kingdoms, and Zhao's resistance to the Xiongnu in the north ensured the stability of the Chinese nation.
Wei as the most wealthy country in the Three Jin Dynasty its strength in the early Warring States period was the most powerful, at the same time Wei had the greatest ambition, has always hoped to destroy Zhao, Han to unify the Three Jin, Wei earlier through the law, the influence of military thought and gradually strengthened under a series of reforms. To a certain extent, the Three Jin Dynasty continued to use the system of the Jin Dynasty, so the overall strength was not weak, the Wei State cultivated a lot of outstanding talents, among which the famous Wu Qi, Zhang Yi and others were born in the Wei State, the Wei was strong in the early Warring States period, but unfortunately in the battle with Qi Guiling, the siege of Wei to save Zhao, after losing the former glory, although many people have developed and changed for the rise of Wei but often did not work or the middle way collapsed, Wei slowly passed hundreds of years in the muddy, until Qin destroyed it.
South Korea, as the younger brother of the Three Jin Dynasty, can be said to have no bright spots in the entire late Warring States period, and its strength was weaker among the Seven Kingdoms, but if it can be traced back to the early Warring States period, the situation is different, when the dynasty actively changed the law and reformed, and had the most advanced iron-smelting technology at that time, which was enough to rank among the great powers, and there was no rival in the case of the Three Jin Alliances at that time. South Korea is located in the heart of the Central Plains, with unique advantages, rich minerals, and strong strength in the early stage, but why does South Korea not expand abroad? In fact, it is also a lack of strength, and Han is connected to Qin, Chu, Zhao, Qi, any one of them is a powerful existence, and although Han is strong in the early stage, if Han wants to attack a big country for the purpose of external expansion, no matter what the three Jin are, there will be a larger alliance to confront, so Han lost the possibility of expansion after destroying the weak country, limited by the science of the times and there is no direction of expansion, and finally Han lost in the competition with other countries and began to rely on the east and west, Let the major powers form mutual restraints to maintain the image of the great powers. At the end of the Warring States period, he pinned his hopes on the Six-Nation Alliance to resist Qin, and was finally the first to be destroyed by Qin.
Qi as a strong Spring and Autumn Warring States of the great power, in the eyes of the countries is often a strong representative, Qi back to the sea has the most developed fisheries and shipbuilding industry, in the seven countries of Qi people are the richest, Qi has experienced many times of the disaster of the country and is not extinguished is also a more special existence, Qi can do a quick recovery of national strength this is not comparable to all countries, Qi is divided into Jiang Qi and Tian Qi two periods, the original Qi is in charge of the Jiang family, with the continuous development and growth of the Tian family, Jiang's along the line, and finally the Tian family Jiang became the controller of the Qi State. Qi as a well-known great power, throughout the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qi is a non-negligible existence in the eyes of all countries, and at the same time, Qi, as a large country limited by the geographical era, can also embark on a new path, in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it lost its vitality to continue to develop, and in the later period, it was forced by Qin's force to not want to forge ahead, and lost its responsibility as a great power in the internal struggle for power, and finally fell under the sword of the Qin people after Qin destroyed the Five Kingdoms.
As the weakest existence in the Seven Kingdoms, it is also special that Yan State can always insist on not being destroyed by other countries, Yan State is located in the north, it is the most barren land in the Seven Kingdoms, and its development is backward, but because Yan Country is far away from the Central Plains and is located in the cold land of the north, it is also far away from the Central Plains War. The wars between countries are constantly intermittent for months or even years and years, and the Yan State often does not need to consider major conflicts with countries except for worrying about the invasion of the northern peoples, and when the northern peoples invade, the countries will send troops to help. If it weren't for special reasons, Yan might have become the only surviving state of the Six Kingdoms, but in the end it was destroyed by Qin.
Qin State is a dark horse among the countries, from weak to strong to unify the world in one fell swoop, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin has not been recognized by the Central Plains countries, when the national strength of the Qin State was weakened for a long time and was violated by the surrounding ethnic minorities, the people were poorly clothed, the soldiers were backward in weapons, and often suffered heavy casualties in the battles with the countries, and the situation slowly changed during the Qin Mugong period, but because the changes were carried out too late, they still lagged behind the countries, although they were recognized by various countries, they still could not compete with the big powers, and under the intervention of Jin, Chu and other countries, Qin carried out more than 100 years of westward expansion, and gradually developed into a powerful country, and then destroyed the powerful Yiqu State, and then began to march to the Central Plains in the East, because of the long-term dealings with many nomadic peoples, so the Qin people are very open, in that era of etiquette, this is undoubtedly very different from all countries, forming a unique cultural "Qin Feng", which makes the countries very repulsive Qin, earlier Qin was squeezed out by the Central Plains countries and united to resist Qin's intention to enter the Central Plains. Qin began more than 100 years of efforts to divide the countries after destroying Shu and other remote countries, and finally adopted the correct policy of "distant friendship and close attack" under the efforts of Qin, and gradually disintegrated the anti-Qin alliance, and adopted a long-term peace policy to divide powerful countries such as Chu, Chu and Qin continued to be friendly for nearly two hundred years, and finally Qin carried out the conquest of the six countries under the condition of occupying the time and place, of course, before that, Qin destroyed the nominal supreme ruler of the Son of Heaven, King Zhou, and since then Zhou's reign has ended, History entered the era of the War of the Seven Kingdoms, and the War of the Seven Kingdoms ended in just over ten years, and Qin unified the world.
Shu is a special vassal state, the world rarely sees its figure in history, but Shu has a special sense of existence in the culture, Li Bai "Shu Road Difficulty", "Forty-eight thousand years old, not with Qin Saitong people" to show it. Shu is not the king of Zhou to face the seal, the early Shu is only as a small vassal on the edge, it is a small vassal of other big countries, backwardness is the biggest feature of Shu, Shu has no strong army only relies on the dangerous terrain to block the enemy country, at the same time because of the inconvenience of transportation and few other countries to attack Shu, Shu finally fell under the sword and gun of Qin, because of the dangerous terrain in Qin and finally destroyed by Qin.
The powerful nomadic Xiongnu and the dog Rong are the common external threats of the vassal states, and the dog Rong gradually declined and split during the Warring States Period, and then many nomads rose rapidly, among which the famous Yiqu is a powerful nomad who wanders away from the border of Qin, and the relationship between Yiqu and Qin is complicated, as the same weak force in the early days, the two help each other and jointly resist the conquest of various countries After Qin became strong, Yiqu became a dangerous Qin's uneasy factor. Yiqu was a country with huge ambitions, trying to control Qin's government when it was in alliance with Qin, but it was destroyed by Qin when it failed, and at the same time, due to long-term cooperation, the remaining forces of Yiqu were quickly incorporated into Qin, which further strengthened Qin's strength and laid a solid foundation for Qin's annihilation of the Six Kingdoms.
The Xiongnu had a profound impact on ancient China, and the impact of this nation on the ancient Western world was also huge, during the Warring States Period, the Xiongnu gradually established a slave state, the leader of the Xiongnu was called Shan Yu had absolute right to rule, and the Xiongnu were born good at war, brave and cruel. Qin and the six countries held each other for more than 100 years, all countries were invaded by the Xiongnu to varying degrees, in order to resist the northern nomads since the Spring and Autumn Period, all countries have built the city wall to resist the enemy, and the Great Wall of Qin was built on this basis, the Xiongnu invaded many lands of the Central Plains Dynasty, until Qin unified the world before sending troops to drive the Xiongnu back to the north, the most powerful period of the Xiongnu was in the middle of the Han Dynasty, the famous "Siege of the White Horse" is because of the example of the defeat of Liu Bang in the war with the Xiongnu, and finally forced to save himself by means of harmony, Until the middle and middle period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu were stronger than the Han. In the battle between the Xiongnu and Qin, Qin was effectively confined to the north, ensuring the stability of the Central Plains.
Wu, Yue, the last overlord of the late Spring and Autumn Period, the last glory of Wu Yue Spring and Autumn Period, of course, when it comes to these two countries, it is impossible to avoid several famous historical figures, Wu Wangfucha, Wu Zixu, Yue Wang Goujian, Wu Yuejian perennial conquest strength is equal, when Wu Zixu fled to Wu to serve Wu, and finally Wu defeated Chu in one fell swoop, because Wu Zixu's family was killed by the King of Chu, after the defeat of Chu, Wu Zixu whipped the corpse of the King of Chu, and then defeated the Yue State in one fell swoop in the subsequent Wu-Yue War and enslaved Gou Jian, After decades of forbearance and humiliation, after several years of planning, Gou Jian separated the relationship between Fucha and Wu Zixu and launched a war against Wu under a series of measures, defeated Wu and destroyed Wu under the occupation of the sky, since then Yue has become the last overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period, and then a hundred years of Zhongyue divided into hundreds of small countries, most of which were built by the Southwest Yi people, known as Baiyue. Baiyue was destroyed by Qin after Qin destroyed the country.