【Civil Engineering Changes】

Lao Zhu is a good reader, especially history books, and has deep feelings about the reasons for the demise of the Han and Tang dynasties, and knows the impact of the eunuch rebellion on the imperial court. In the seventeenth year of Hongwu, the "Emperor Ming Ancestral Training" was promulgated, and eunuchs were strictly forbidden to interfere in politics. Specially built in the palace three feet high iron tablet, cast on the "ministers shall not interfere in political affairs, the pre-cut beheaded", and stipulate that eunuchs are not allowed to serve as civil and military officials, civil and military officials are not allowed to have document exchanges with eunuchs, eunuchs official positions can not exceed four grades, and they are not allowed to read and write. If it can really be implemented, Daming will be a different scenario.

However, the genetic disease of the old Zhu family is that he does not believe in any ministers, especially Zhu Laosi, because he killed too many ministers and made the emperor himself unable to bear the complexity and hardship of the government, on the one hand, he established a cabinet, and on the other hand, he used some eunuchs to assist the emperor in handling political affairs. Zhu Zhu thought that eunuchs had no children and no desires, so they would naturally obey the emperor's orders and could naturally be entrusted with important tasks. Legend has it that there was an emperor of the Southern Han Dynasty in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, but anyone who wanted to be an official in the imperial court must have castrated himself. Sometimes it's funny to think about a group of people in the court who don't have beards and speak in strange voices, discussing national affairs.

Emperor Xuande left behind the cabinet of the three Yang Kaitai (Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong, Yang Pu) to assist his son Yingzong, and at the same time, it also opened the beginning of the Ming eunuchs' participation in court politics. Wang Zhen was a lame scholar, and he couldn't handle the road to the imperial examination, but he suddenly wanted to enter the imperial court one day, so he castrated himself, and he really entered the palace as he wished. Because he knew how to write, he was deeply loved by Xuanzong, and let him serve the prince.

Wang Zhen knew what the prince meant, and he was flattering, and he was deeply relied on by the prince. Xuanzong left early, and the rule of Renxuan for ten years left a rich Ming Dynasty, but also left a turbulent crisis. The crown prince ascended the throne for Yingzong, and Wang Zhen was naturally the most favored celebrant and eunuch. Because of the existence of Sanyang and the Empress Dowager Taihuang, he did not dare to go beyond the grid, and after the Empress Dowager returned to the west, Sanyang's illness and retreat, Yingzong began to obey him, and called him Mr. He quietly took away Taizu's iron brand and completely controlled the government. For the resistance of the courtiers, his biggest way was to dismember those who opposed it, and Jinyiwei obeyed Wang Zhen's orders and slaughtered the ministers at will. Another skill of Wang Zhen is that he likes to provoke border wars, and fortunately, he has won many wars.

After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolia was divided into Tatar and Warat. Gradually accepted the reality of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, began to correspond with the Ming Dynasty, and after several tosses, Wara produced a Taishi Yexian, ambitious, and always hoped to restore the great achievements of the Yuan Dynasty, so he was always looking for opportunities. He paid tribute to the Ming Dynasty every year in exchange for tea, etc. Originally, there was nothing to do, but this year, he also sent a huge tribute team to Beijing first, hoping to exchange for more rewards. Wang Zhen seemed to see the clue and lowered the price of horses. The envoy of Wara went away angrily, and in the autumn and July, he also invaded first, and the border was urgent, but Yingzong was excited, because Wang Zhen decided that the emperor would personally conquer and the king would supervise the country. The courtiers have admonished him, the Ming Dynasty has been peaceful for a long time, the current army has not been trained at all, the emperor does not listen, his blood flows with the courage of his ancestors, and he is bound to drive the expedition in person. Strong will, undoubtedly sent troops, the army soon arrived in Xuanfu, but caught up with the wind and rain, which can be described as embarrassing. Someone admonished again, and Wang Zhen was even more furious. Chengguo Gong Zhu Yong and others asked him for instructions and reported, and they all walked forward on their knees. Shangshu Kuang Wei and Wang Zuo angered Wang Zhen and were punished for kneeling in the grass. His henchman Qin Tianjian Zheng Peng Deqing used the celestial phenomena to advise, but Wang Zhen did not listen, and even said that the mandate of heaven is like this, even if it perishes, it must move forward. In August, the emperor was stationed in Datong, and Wang Zhen wanted to go north. At this time, Guo Jing, the eunuch guarding the town, fled back and told him that the enemy was very strong, and Wang Zhen was afraid. Immediately returned to the division and arrived at Shuangzhai, where it rained heavily. Wang Zhen initially wanted to take the Bauhinia Pass, but invited the emperor to his hometown through Ulzhou, but he was afraid that the people and horses would trample on the crops in his hometown, so he changed his route to Xuanfu. It seems that Wang Zhen wants to leave a good reputation in his hometown. But the soldiers made a roundabout run, and it was only on the day of Imsu to reach the fort, and there was no water source. The Wara cavalry caught up and pretended to make peace, but they took advantage of the unpreparedness of the Ming army and suddenly attacked, and the official army was defeated. Moreover, Yingzong was captured, and Wang Zhen was killed by the rebels, which was a change in civil engineering. The news of the defeat reached the imperial court, the Beijing division was shaken, the hundred officials first hugged their heads and wept, and then the imperial history Chen Yi and others reported Wang Zhen's crimes in the imperial court, and the angry courtiers killed Ma Shun, the commander of the Jinyi Guard, and the two eunuchs of Mao and Wang. King Yu ordered Wang Shan to be taken to the market to be crushed to pieces, and Wang Zhen's other henchmen were killed, and Wang Zhen's family was beheaded regardless of age. Wang Zhen was in power for seven years, and when he confiscated his home, he obtained more than 60 gold and silver vaults, 100 jade plates, more than 20 corals six or seven feet high, and countless other treasures. This is the most serious statement of the Jingtai Dynasty.

【Battle of the Kyoshi】

On August 18, the 14th year of orthodoxy, the Empress Dowager ordered Zhu Qiyu, the king of servants, to supervise the country. The big officials and wealthy families in the capital fled south one after another, and some ministers also advocated moving south. Yu Qian, Chen Xun, and Wang Zhi resolutely opposed that Beijing was the foundation of the world, and had just changed from being in the line to becoming the national capital, so they could not give up easily, and advocated defending Beijing. Yu Qian was ordered to be appointed as the secretary of the military department. Zhu Qiyu ascended the throne on September 6, and respected Yingzong as the emperor from afar, and took the next year as the first year of Jingtai. He also coerced Ming Yingzong to blackmail the Ming court, so he led a large army to invade Beijing in October. On October 11, the Wara army arrived at the city of Beijing, lined up outside the Xizhi Gate, and placed Yingzong in the empty room outside the Desheng Gate. On the thirteenth, Yu Qian and Shi Heng led the army to fight with the Wara army outside the Desheng Gate, and the Wara army was defeated. Later, he moved to Xizhimen to attack the Ming army, but was also repelled by the Ming army.

The Wara army was unwilling to fail, and organized an attack in Changyimen, the Ming army feigned defeat, and the Wara army chased to Tucheng, where they were blocked by the Ming army musketeers lurking in the houses, with countless casualties and were not allowed to advance. Coupled with the cold and freezing weather, the fierce resistance of the defenders on the periphery of the Beijing Division, as well as the continuous flow of Qinwang's division, were also afraid of being surrounded and annihilated, so they retreated, and on November 8, the Wara army withdrew from the outside of the Saiwai, and the Beijing Division was relieved.

The defense of Beijing led and organized by Yu Qian and the officials of the main battle faction was victorious, crushing the ambition of the Wara army to seize Beijing, and the Ming Dynasty turned the corner from danger to safety.

【Change of Seizure of the Door】

Warat failed in his attack on the Jingshi, and he returned to the Mongolian steppe. Yingzong seemed a little redundant, whether he killed or left a hot potato. In the end, in order to ease the relationship with the Ming Dynasty, but also to disgust the Ming Dynasty, Wara decided to send Yingzong back. After all, over the course of a year, Yingzong became a friend of many Mongols. There is no father and son in front of power, let alone half-brothers? Emperor Jingtai was reluctant to take Yingzong back, and he was worried about his throne. And Yu Qian said "the destiny of heaven has been decided", so that Yingzong was able to return to Beijing. The two brothers exchanged a few words at the gate of the palace, humbled each other to the throne, and after a few rounds, Yingzong was sent to Nangong to recuperate. Jinyiwei naturally took strict precautions, ostensibly to protect the safety of the Emperor Taishang, but in fact to monitor Yingzong, and even the trees in the South Palace were cut down, and the food and clothing were not enough, and Queen Qian had to make some needlework and send them to sell them to supplement the family. As for the son, the crown prince has long been abolished. People say that the imperial power has no family affection, which seems to have some truth.

Jingtai has been the emperor for eight years, but his son died very early, and his health is not good, but fortunately, with Yu Qian and others, the Ming Dynasty is still moving forward. However, as time passed, Jingtai's desire to have a son became farther and farther away, and the ministers naturally hoped that Jingtai could restore Yingzong's son to the crown prince, Jingtai always said that he was still young and could have a son, until he was seriously ill, he ordered to increase the worship of the former prince, and decided to announce it in public the next morning. The court somewhat understood that if the emperor was unexpected, the former crown prince would succeed to the throne. Xu Youzhen, Cao Jixiang, and Shi Heng, who are often reprimanded, want to do extraordinary things, they know that they are half a catty and eight taels, and the distance between them and Yu Qian and others is getting bigger and bigger, once the new emperor ascends the throne, he still stands aside, they aim at Jingtai who is bedridden, and takes people into the South Palace to welcome back Yingzong. Emperor Yingzong listened to their plan through the door, and he looked at the Nangong where he had lived for eight years, rather than die of old age, it was better to give it a go, and he agreed without hesitation.

The hurried Jingyang bell rang, and the ministers originally thought that Jingtai had agreed to restore Yingzong's son to the crown prince. When Yu Qian and the others stepped into the court, the eunuch shouted: "Bow to the emperor!" When he raised his head, it was Emperor Yingzong who was sitting in the middle. It was too late, and Yu Qian and others had to admit that Yingzong had been restored. Jingtai was sick, heard the bell, and asked, "Is it Yu Qian?" "This emperor actually thought that Yu Qian was going to usurp the throne, it's sad! When he learned that it was the restoration of Yingzong, he had to say: "Okay! ”

On the one hand, Yingzong rewarded the courtiers who supported his restoration, and on the other hand, he killed Yu Qian and other ministers. Yu Qian, who was "not afraid of broken bones, and wanted to leave his innocence in the world", went to the execution ground like this, and the world was wronged, but he was helpless. Yu Qian was concerned about the safety of the Ming Dynasty, specializing in military affairs on weekdays, and even sent minions everywhere, but he turned a deaf ear to the conspiracy of Cao Jixiang and others, and the general trend had gone in a hurry, which was indeed a pity. It's just that there are too many suspicions, which will cause future generations to speculate. Yu Qian should know many things, but he doesn't want to do anything else.

Yingzong didn't want to kill Yu Qian and others at that time, he knew that these people were the pillars of the Ming Dynasty, and Cao Jixiang and others said that if they didn't kill these people, it meant that Yingzong's restoration was wrong. Yingzong had to agree, and later regretted killing Yu Qian, and began to screen and use the people who supported his restoration, and finally got rid of those black sheep, out of sympathy, and lifted the house arrest of Emperor Jianwen's son, but the Ming Dynasty began to decline. He was a strange emperor, he was an emperor for twenty-two years, a prisoner for eight years, and the greatest credit when he was dying was to abolish the precedent of concubine burial!