In November of the first year of Yongle of the Ming Dynasty (1403), Aha went to Jingshi (Nanjing) to pay tribute to Zhu Di, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, who had just succeeded to the throne, to show his obedience. Ming Chengzu was happy, so he named Aha as the commander, and gave Aha the name of 'Li Sicheng', and the Amu River (Humu River, the area on both sides of the Tumen River in North Korea) where his tribe lived was the place where he was first built.

In April of the second year of Yongle (1404), Ming Chengzu gave Huli to change the name of the department to 'Jianzhou Wei' (now Jilin and Long County);In the first month of the third year of Yongle (1405)), the leader of the Jurchen Duoli tribe in Liaodong, Meng Ge Timur, also personally went to Beijing to pay tribute, and Ming Chengzu first appointed Meng Ge Timur as the commander of Jianzhou Wei (the same position as his father-in-law Aha). In the fourteenth year of Yongle (1416), the Ming Dynasty divided the Jianzhou Guard into two departments, and set up the 'Jianzhou Left Guard', with Meng Ge Timur as the commander of the Jianzhou Left Guard.

Since then, the descendants of Meng Ge Timur have inherited the 'Jianzhou Left Guard Commander', and successively served as Meng Ge Timur, Dong Shan (the second son of Meng Ge Timur), Tuo Luo, Tu Yimo (Dong Shan's eldest son, second son), Fuman (Dong Shan's third son, Xibao Qi Zhanggu's son) and other five commanders.

Fuman's reign was between the first year of Jiajing and the twentieth year (1522-1542), and after he became the commander of the Jianzhou Left Guard, he moved the main city of the Jianzhou Left Guard from his original residence of Foala to Hetuala (both in Xinbin County, Liaoning), and lived in the same city with Jianzhou Wei.

Fu Man died around the mid-to-late Jiajing to the early Wanli period (around 1560 to 1575); After his death, his third son, Suo Chang'a, and his fourth son, Jue Chang'an, successively inherited the official position of commander of the Jianzhou Left Guard. In order to bury Fuman, the new commander of the Jianzhou Left Guard, his fourth son, Jue Chang'an, chose a treasure lot located at the foot of Hulan Hada (Yantou Mountain), about ten miles northwest of Hetuala, on the north bank of the Sukesuhu River (Suzi River), and at the southern foot of Niyaman Mountain Gang (now Qiyun Mountain), and built a cemetery for Fuman, which was still very simple at that time.

This is the origin of the Qing Dynasty's royal ancestral mausoleum, the Qing Yongling Tomb, which is about two kilometers northwest of Yongling Town, Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province, today, but it did not have any name at that time.

In the eleventh year of Wanli (1583), Li Chengliang, the general soldier of Liaodong, sent troops to attack the rebellious Jianzhou Right Guard Atai Division; In the process of attacking Gule City, the capital city of Jianzhou's right guard, the Ming army mistakenly killed Jue Chang'an, the commander of Jianzhou's left guard, and his son Takshi. Afterwards, the eldest son of the Tak family, 25-year-old Nurhachi, was furious when he learned that his father and ancestor had been killed, and wrote to the Ming Dynasty, asking the Ming army to give an explanation. Li Chengliang felt guilty when he learned of this, so after returning the bodies of Jue Chang'an and Takshi to Nurhachi, he gave him thirty edicts (that is, proof of tributary trade), thirty horses, and let Nurhachi inherit the official position of commander of the left guard of Jianzhou.

After that, Nurhachi, with the official certification status given by the Ming Dynasty, officially began the process of starting a business and even unifying the Jurchens of Jianzhou Sanwei and other departments of the Jurchens in Liaodong; By the forty-fourth year of Wanli (1616), the fifty-seven-year-old Nurhachi had basically unified the Jurchen tribes in eastern Liaodong except for the Haixi Jurchen Yehe tribe. In this year, Nurhachi founded a country in the city of Hetuala (Xinbin Old City, Liaoning) and called Khan, with the country name "Dajin" (Houjin), changed the Yuan to "Mandate of Heaven", and called himself "the wise Khan of the nations".

Long before that, Nurhachi had buried his deceased grandfather Jue Chang'an, his father Takshi, his eldest uncle Lidun, and his fifth uncle Tacha Zhanggu near his great-grandfather Fuman's cemetery; In addition, in the thirty-first year of Wanli (1603), Nurhachi's favorite concubine Menggu (Yehenara clan; That is, the later Empress Xiaoci Gao, the biological mother of Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty) died, and Nurhachi buried his bones in the courtyard where he lived, and only moved to Niyaman Hill three years later to be buried with his ancestors. Later, after Nurhachi's younger brother Shulhaqi and eldest son Chu Ying were killed for rebellion, their bones were also buried here.

At this time, the family cemetery of the head of the Jianzhou Left Guard located in the hill of Niyaman had no ground attached buildings, and there was no official name, only called "Hetu Ala Zu Mausoleum".

In the fourth year of the Great Ming Dynasty and the ninth year of the Later Jin Mandate (1624), Nurhachi moved the capital to Liaoyang, and after building a new capital here, Tokyo City, he built an ancestral mausoleum (Tokyo Mausoleum) on Yanglu Mountain in the north of the city. After the mausoleum was built, Nurhachi sent the grandsons of the third Bozu Suo Chang'a, Wangshan and Duobi, and the son of the eldest uncle Lidun, Bei Heqi, to the ancestral mausoleum of Niyaman Mountain, and moved the bones of his grandfather (Jue Chang'an), father (Takshi), the late concubine Yehenara clan, Dishu Erhaqi, eldest son Zhenying, eldest uncle Lidun, and fifth uncle Tacha Zhanggu to the Tokyo Mausoleum for burial; The remaining mausoleums on the hill of Niyaman are called "Old Mausoleum" (that is, the mausoleum of Fuman).

In the sixth year of the Great Ming Dynasty and the eleventh year of the Later Jin Mandate of Heaven (1626), Nurhachi died of illness in the lower reaches of the Taizi River in the Jinbao (Shenyang Yuhong District Zhai's hometown of Daxijinbao Village), after the cremation of the body, the Zigong 'temporary house' was in the northwest corner of Shengjing (that is, Shenyang, at this time the Houjin has moved the capital to Shenyang again);

After Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne, he began to build a mausoleum for Nurhachi; After several years of selection, in the second year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the third year of Jin Tiancong (1629), Huang Taiji selected an auspicious place in the northeastern suburbs of Shengjing to build a mausoleum for Nurhachi, but there was no official name when it was first built, only called "the tomb of the first Khan". In the same year, the mausoleum was completed, and the remains of Nurhachi's treasure palace (columbarium) and the biological mother of Huang Taiji, who was buried in the Tokyo Mausoleum, were buried in the underground palace.

In the seventh year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the eighth year of Jin Tiancong (1634), Huang Taiji promoted the old capital of Hetuala to "Xingjing", and the "old tomb of Hetuala" was renamed "Xingjing Mausoleum".

In October of the eighth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the ninth year of Jin Tiancong (1635), Huang Taiji sent troops to completely pacify the Chahar Department of Mongol in southern Mongolia (where the Mongolian Golden Family is orthodox); In November, the last Chahar Khan, the eldest son of Lin Dan Khan Hutuktu, Ezhe Feng and other widows of Lin Dan Khan, arrived in Shengjing from the temporary residence of Hetao, and carried the Mongolian holy relics - the Golden Buddha of Mohagara, the Golden Tripitaka, and the jade seal of the Northern Yuan Dynasty to the Later Jin Great Khan Emperor Taiji, in order to show the Mongolian annexation.

In order to show this victory of special significance, Huang Taiji changed the name of the Later Jin clan from 'Jurchen' to 'Manchuria' to show the meaning of "covering the whole world". Huang Taiji attached great importance to the two Buddhist holy relics of the Golden Buddha of Mohakala and the Golden Tripitaka presented by Ezhe, and specially ordered the construction of the 'Lotus Pure Land Shisheng Temple' to enshrine these two holy relics. And the Lotus Pure Land Shisheng Temple has been preserved to this day, which is the "Shenyang Imperial Temple".

For another treasure offered by Ezhe - "Northern Yuan Dynasty Jade Seal" (not the "Jade Seal" that has been lost for many years in the Central Plains Dynasty, but the "Great Yuan Jade Seal" made by Yuan Shizu, the seal is "the treasure of the system"; When Emperor Yuan Shun fled north, this seal was taken to Mobei, and later passed in the hands of the Northern Yuan Emperor and the Mongolian Great Khan, with considerable symbolic significance of the status of 'Khan', Huang Taiji was even more ecstatic, which means that the "Mandate of Heaven" of Mobei has been transferred from the Mongol Khanate to the "Great Golden Khanate"; Since then, he is not only the Great Khan of 'Dajin', but also the monarch of the Shangguo who owns all the old lands of Monan and Mobei Mongolia, as well as the lands of Liaodong, Haixi, and Heishui.

In December, the ministers of the Later Jin Dynasty Wenwu, the princes of the clan, and the leaders of the Mongolian tribes of the outer domains (Korqin, Khalkha, and Tumut) went to Huang Taiji, and asked the Great Khan to "ascend the throne early, change the honorific title, and settle the world" on the grounds of "Chahar surrender" and "return of the jade seal of the country", that is, to persuade Huang Taiji to ascend the throne and become emperor.

In the first month of the ninth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the tenth year of the Later Jin Tiancong (1636), Huang Taiji agreed to the "request of the ministers" after consulting the opinions of the Later Jin Han officials and Confucian ministers, and issued an edict to "change the honorific title" to "inherit the mandate of heaven", and decided to ascend the throne as the emperor, and changed the Yuan and the country name.

On April 11 of the ninth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the tenth year of Jin Tiancong (1636), Huang Taiji personally went to the outskirts of Shengjing and held a grand ceremony to worship the altar; After the ceremony, the ministers presented the "persuasion text" to Huang Taiji, and gave Huang Taiji the honorific title of "Emperor Kuanwen Rensheng", which marked the official title of Huang Taiji as emperor.

After Huang Taiji became emperor, he changed the country name from 'Dajin' to 'Daqing', changed the year name from 'Tiancong' to 'Chongde', and posthumously honored his father, the actual founder of the Qing Dynasty, and the first Great Khan of Houjin, Nurhachi, as "Guangyun Shengde Ren Xiaowu Emperor", and respected the temple name as "Taizu"; The 'Old Khan Mausoleum' of Nurhachi was officially renamed 'Fuling' in the first year of Chongde (1636), and Huang Taiji also formulated the sacrificial rites of Fuling.

In addition, according to the ancient system of the Central Plains Dynasty, Huang Taiji posthumously honored four generations of ancestors as kings - the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, the first commander of the Jianzhou Left Guard, and the seventh ancestor of Huang Taiji, Meng Temu (Meng Ge Timur) as the king of Ze; Great grandfather Fuman is the king of Qing; Great-grandfather Jue Chang'an was the king of Chang; Grandfather Takshi is the king of Fu (the sixth ancestor of Huang Taiji, Dong Shan, and the fifth ancestor Xibao Qi Zhanggu were not posthumously honored); At the same time, it also set up a memorial tablet for the four kings in the temple. In addition, Huang Taiji set up the mound of King Ze (Mengtemu) after the tomb of King Qing (Fuman) in the 'Xingjing Mausoleum', which is called the "Tomb of the Second Ancestor".

On the ninth day of August in the sixteenth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the eighth year of Chongde of the Qing Dynasty (1643), Huang Taiji, who had been the Great Khan for ten years and the emperor for seven years, suddenly died suddenly in the Shengjing (Shenyang) Palace at the age of fifty-two without any warning; On August 16, the highest authority of the Qing Dynasty, the Council of Ministers of the King of Parliament, was held in the Chongzheng Hall of the Shengjing Imperial Palace; After another fierce power struggle with ups and downs, Huang Taiji's ninth son, the six-year-old Fulin, was unexpectedly elected as the new emperor and inherited the throne left by Huang Taiji (about this matter, many film and television literary works have been tired of repeating and repeating the description, and will not be expanded here).

On August 26, headed by Prince Li Daishan, the princes and ministers of the Qing Dynasty surrounded the six-year-old ninth son Fulin, and ascended the throne in the Dazheng Hall of the Shengjing Imperial Palace, taking the next year as the first year of Shunzhi; Fu Lin is the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Shunzhi.

After Emperor Shunzhi ascended the throne, he took his cousin Prince Zheng Zierharang (nephew of Nurhachi) and his uncle Prince Rui Dolgon as regent to assist him in governing the state (in fact, it was decided by the princes and ministers after consultation, what did a six-year-old child of Emperor Shunzhi know); The first thing after Emperor Shunzhi succeeded to the throne was to build a mausoleum for the deceased Emperor Taiji.

In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the eighth year of Chongde of the Qing Dynasty (1643), Emperor Shunzhi (in fact, the regent and other ministers of the clan) was the first emperor (Huang Taiji) and was called "Emperor Taizong of the Heavenly Rejuvenation Kingdom, Hongde Zhangwu Kuan, Wenren Shengrui Xiaowen Emperor" (later added as the Emperor of Yingtian Xingguo Hongde Zhangwu Kuan, Wenren Shengrui Filial Piety, Jingmin Zhaoding, Longdao, Xiangongwen Emperor'), and the temple name was "Taizong". Immediately, Emperor Shunzhi issued another edict for the first emperor to build a mausoleum about ten miles north of Shengjing.

In April of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the first year of Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty (1644), the central court of the Ming Dynasty was overthrown by the peasant army, and then the Qing army entered the customs to defeat the peasant army, and the world changed hands; In August, Emperor Shunzhi personally named Taizong's mausoleum in Shengjing 'Zhaoling' before entering the customs from Shengjing to Jingshi (Beijing).

In the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), Emperor Shunzhi pursued the four kings of Ze, Qing, Chang and Fu - Zewang Meng Temu as Emperor Zhaozuyuan, King Fuman of Qing as Emperor Xingzuzhi, King Chang'an of Chang as Emperor Jingzuyi, and King Takshi of Fu as Emperor Xianzu Xuan. The wives of the four kings are respectively honored as Empress Zhaozuyuan, Empress Xingzuzhi, Empress Jingzuyi, and Empress Xianzu Xuan.

In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), the Shunzhi Emperor changed the Niya Manshan Hill where the Jingling Tomb is located to "Qiyun Mountain", and in the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), the Xingjing Tomb was built to enjoy the palace, the matching hall, and the square city gate wall. In the twelfth year of Shunzhi (1655), the stele pavilion of Zhaozu and Xingzu's sacred virtue monument was completed.

Because he felt that the feng shui of the Tokyo Mausoleum was not as good as the Xingjing Mausoleum, Emperor Shunzhi moved the two tombs of Jingzu and Xianzu and the two tombs of Wugong Junwang (Lidun) and Kegong Beile (Tacha Zhanggu) who were reburied in the Tokyo Mausoleum in the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658) and buried them in front of the Zhaozu and Xingzu Mausoleums (the Tokyo Mausoleum continued to bury Shuerhaqi, Chu Ying and others).

In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Emperor Shunzhi officially renamed Xingjing Mausoleum as 'Yongling', which was intended to pray for 'the eternal stability of the country and the eternal existence of the emperor'. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), the Yongling Hall was named "Qiyun Palace", and the Fangcheng City Gate was named "Qiyun Gate", and the Shengong and Shengde Tablet Pavilion of Jingzu and Xianzu were added.

So far, the ceremonial system of the first imperial tomb of the Qing Dynasty, 'Yongling', has been completed.

The second imperial tomb of the Qing Dynasty, Nurhachi's 'Fuling', in the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), added stone elephants, pillars, optimus and other stone components. In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), the expansion project of the Xiangdian of Fuling was completed. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the corner tower of Fuling, the guard yamen, and the doors on both sides of the big red gate were all expanded, and the stone elephant was added to Sumeru, and the repair of Fangcheng was completed.

The dormitory of Fuling was built in the second year of Kangxi (1663). Completed the following year, the name of the monument of Gari Nurhachi, and the Ming Tower was built on the square city. In the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi (1688), the Fuling Shengong Shengde Monument was completed, which marked the completion of the imperial ritual system of Fuling.

The third imperial mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty - Huang Taiji's 'Zhaoling', because Huang Taiji had been called the emperor during his lifetime, so his mausoleum was built in accordance with the emperor's standards, which also saved the Qing Dynasty's later emperors to constantly re-add and repair the mausoleum ritual system of the cumbersome things (such as Yongling and Fuling, many times renovated and added palaces and stone statues that conform to the ritual system).

Therefore, Zhaoling was named in the first year of Shunzhi (1644), and after the completion of the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), it was not expanded in a big way, but it was only rebuilt and repaired in the years of Kangxi, Qianlong and Jiaqing, so as to maintain the integrity of the mausoleum and the maintenance of safety.

The above three tombs - 'Yongling', 'Fuling', 'Zhaoling', are the three imperial tombs built in the old land of Liaodong when the Qing Dynasty was first established and has not yet entered the customs, and the four distant ancestors of the Qing Dynasty (Yongling), Taizu Nurhachi (Fuling), and Taizong Emperor Taiji (Zhaoling) are buried respectively, known as the 'Shengjing Three Tombs'. As for the Liaoyang 'Tokyo Mausoleum', which was once treated as an ancestral tomb by the Qing Dynasty, because the tombs of the four ancestors of Zhaozu, Xingzu, Jingzu and Xianzu were moved away one after another, only the tombs of Prince Zhuang (Shuerhaqi) and Guangluo Belle (Chu Ying) and others were left here, so it is no longer regarded as one of the imperial tombs of the Qing Dynasty. In November of the first year of Yongle of the Ming Dynasty (1403), Aha went to Jingshi (Nanjing) to pay tribute to Zhu Di, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, who had just succeeded to the throne, to show his obedience. Ming Chengzu was happy, so he named Aha as the commander, and gave Aha the name of 'Li Sicheng', and the Amu River (Humu River, the area on both sides of the Tumen River in North Korea) where his tribe lived was the place where he was first built.

In April of the second year of Yongle (1404), Ming Chengzu gave Huli to change the name of the department to 'Jianzhou Wei' (now Jilin and Long County);In the first month of the third year of Yongle (1405)), the leader of the Jurchen Duoli tribe in Liaodong, Meng Ge Timur, also personally went to Beijing to pay tribute, and Ming Chengzu first appointed Meng Ge Timur as the commander of Jianzhou Wei (the same position as his father-in-law Aha). In the fourteenth year of Yongle (1416), the Ming Dynasty divided the Jianzhou Guard into two departments, and set up the 'Jianzhou Left Guard', with Meng Ge Timur as the commander of the Jianzhou Left Guard.

Since then, the descendants of Meng Ge Timur have inherited the 'Jianzhou Left Guard Commander', and successively served as Meng Ge Timur, Dong Shan (the second son of Meng Ge Timur), Tuo Luo, Tu Yimo (Dong Shan's eldest son, second son), Fuman (Dong Shan's third son, Xibao Qi Zhanggu's son) and other five commanders.

Fuman's reign was between the first year of Jiajing and the twentieth year (1522-1542), and after he became the commander of the Jianzhou Left Guard, he moved the main city of the Jianzhou Left Guard from his original residence of Foala to Hetuala (both in Xinbin County, Liaoning), and lived in the same city with Jianzhou Wei.

Fu Man died around the mid-to-late Jiajing to the early Wanli period (around 1560 to 1575); After his death, his third son, Suo Chang'a, and his fourth son, Jue Chang'an, successively inherited the official position of commander of the Jianzhou Left Guard. In order to bury Fuman, the new commander of the Jianzhou Left Guard, his fourth son, Jue Chang'an, chose a treasure lot located at the foot of Hulan Hada (Yantou Mountain), about ten miles northwest of Hetuala, on the north bank of the Sukesuhu River (Suzi River), and at the southern foot of Niyaman Mountain Gang (now Qiyun Mountain), and built a cemetery for Fuman, which was still very simple at that time.

This is the origin of the Qing Dynasty's royal ancestral mausoleum, the Qing Yongling Tomb, which is about two kilometers northwest of Yongling Town, Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province, today, but it did not have any name at that time.

In the eleventh year of Wanli (1583), Li Chengliang, the general soldier of Liaodong, sent troops to attack the rebellious Jianzhou Right Guard Atai Division; In the process of attacking Gule City, the capital city of Jianzhou's right guard, the Ming army mistakenly killed Jue Chang'an, the commander of Jianzhou's left guard, and his son Takshi. Afterwards, the eldest son of the Tak family, 25-year-old Nurhachi, was furious when he learned that his father and ancestor had been killed, and wrote to the Ming Dynasty, asking the Ming army to give an explanation. Li Chengliang felt guilty when he learned of this, so after returning the bodies of Jue Chang'an and Takshi to Nurhachi, he gave him thirty edicts (that is, proof of tributary trade), thirty horses, and let Nurhachi inherit the official position of commander of the left guard of Jianzhou.

After that, Nurhachi, with the official certification status given by the Ming Dynasty, officially began the process of starting a business and even unifying the Jurchens of Jianzhou Sanwei and other departments of the Jurchens in Liaodong; By the forty-fourth year of Wanli (1616), the fifty-seven-year-old Nurhachi had basically unified the Jurchen tribes in eastern Liaodong except for the Haixi Jurchen Yehe tribe. In this year, Nurhachi founded a country in the city of Hetuala (Xinbin Old City, Liaoning) and called Khan, with the country name "Dajin" (Houjin), changed the Yuan to "Mandate of Heaven", and called himself "the wise Khan of the nations".

Long before that, Nurhachi had buried his deceased grandfather Jue Chang'an, his father Takshi, his eldest uncle Lidun, and his fifth uncle Tacha Zhanggu near his great-grandfather Fuman's cemetery; In addition, in the thirty-first year of Wanli (1603), Nurhachi's favorite concubine Menggu (Yehenara clan; That is, the later Empress Xiaoci Gao, the biological mother of Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty) died, and Nurhachi buried his bones in the courtyard where he lived, and only moved to Niyaman Hill three years later to be buried with his ancestors. Later, after Nurhachi's younger brother Shulhaqi and eldest son Chu Ying were killed for rebellion, their bones were also buried here.

At this time, the family cemetery of the head of the Jianzhou Left Guard located in the hill of Niyaman had no ground attached buildings, and there was no official name, only called "Hetu Ala Zu Mausoleum".

In the fourth year of the Great Ming Dynasty and the ninth year of the Later Jin Mandate (1624), Nurhachi moved the capital to Liaoyang, and after building a new capital here, Tokyo City, he built an ancestral mausoleum (Tokyo Mausoleum) on Yanglu Mountain in the north of the city. After the mausoleum was built, Nurhachi sent the grandsons of the third Bozu Suo Chang'a, Wangshan and Duobi, and the son of the eldest uncle Lidun, Bei Heqi, to the ancestral mausoleum of Niyaman Mountain, and moved the bones of his grandfather (Jue Chang'an), father (Takshi), the late concubine Yehenara clan, Dishu Erhaqi, eldest son Zhenying, eldest uncle Lidun, and fifth uncle Tacha Zhanggu to the Tokyo Mausoleum for burial; The remaining mausoleums on the hill of Niyaman are called "Old Mausoleum" (that is, the mausoleum of Fuman).

In the sixth year of the Great Ming Dynasty and the eleventh year of the Later Jin Mandate of Heaven (1626), Nurhachi died of illness in the lower reaches of the Taizi River in the Jinbao (Shenyang Yuhong District Zhai's hometown of Daxijinbao Village), after the cremation of the body, the Zigong 'temporary house' was in the northwest corner of Shengjing (that is, Shenyang, at this time the Houjin has moved the capital to Shenyang again);

After Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne, he began to build a mausoleum for Nurhachi; After several years of selection, in the second year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the third year of Jin Tiancong (1629), Huang Taiji selected an auspicious place in the northeastern suburbs of Shengjing to build a mausoleum for Nurhachi, but there was no official name when it was first built, only called "the tomb of the first Khan". In the same year, the mausoleum was completed, and the remains of Nurhachi's treasure palace (columbarium) and the biological mother of Huang Taiji, who was buried in the Tokyo Mausoleum, were buried in the underground palace.

In the seventh year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the eighth year of Jin Tiancong (1634), Huang Taiji promoted the old capital of Hetuala to "Xingjing", and the "old tomb of Hetuala" was renamed "Xingjing Mausoleum".

In October of the eighth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the ninth year of Jin Tiancong (1635), Huang Taiji sent troops to completely pacify the Chahar Department of Mongol in southern Mongolia (where the Mongolian Golden Family is orthodox); In November, the last Chahar Khan, the eldest son of Lin Dan Khan Hutuktu, Ezhe Feng and other widows of Lin Dan Khan, arrived in Shengjing from the temporary residence of Hetao, and carried the Mongolian holy relics - the Golden Buddha of Mohagara, the Golden Tripitaka, and the jade seal of the Northern Yuan Dynasty to the Later Jin Great Khan Emperor Taiji, in order to show the Mongolian annexation.

In order to show this victory of special significance, Huang Taiji changed the name of the Later Jin clan from 'Jurchen' to 'Manchuria' to show the meaning of "covering the whole world". Huang Taiji attached great importance to the two Buddhist holy relics of the Golden Buddha of Mohakala and the Golden Tripitaka presented by Ezhe, and specially ordered the construction of the 'Lotus Pure Land Shisheng Temple' to enshrine these two holy relics. And the Lotus Pure Land Shisheng Temple has been preserved to this day, which is the "Shenyang Imperial Temple".

For another treasure offered by Ezhe - "Northern Yuan Dynasty Jade Seal" (not the "Jade Seal" that has been lost for many years in the Central Plains Dynasty, but the "Great Yuan Jade Seal" made by Yuan Shizu, the seal is "the treasure of the system"; When Emperor Yuan Shun fled north, this seal was taken to Mobei, and later passed in the hands of the Northern Yuan Emperor and the Mongolian Great Khan, with considerable symbolic significance of the status of 'Khan', Huang Taiji was even more ecstatic, which means that the "Mandate of Heaven" of Mobei has been transferred from the Mongol Khanate to the "Great Golden Khanate"; Since then, he is not only the Great Khan of 'Dajin', but also the monarch of the Shangguo who owns all the old lands of Monan and Mobei Mongolia, as well as the lands of Liaodong, Haixi, and Heishui.

In December, the ministers of the Later Jin Dynasty Wenwu, the princes of the clan, and the leaders of the Mongolian tribes of the outer domains (Korqin, Khalkha, and Tumut) went to Huang Taiji, and asked the Great Khan to "ascend the throne early, change the honorific title, and settle the world" on the grounds of "Chahar surrender" and "return of the jade seal of the country", that is, to persuade Huang Taiji to ascend the throne and become emperor.

In the first month of the ninth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the tenth year of the Later Jin Tiancong (1636), Huang Taiji agreed to the "request of the ministers" after consulting the opinions of the Later Jin Han officials and Confucian ministers, and issued an edict to "change the honorific title" to "inherit the mandate of heaven", and decided to ascend the throne as the emperor, and changed the Yuan and the country name.

On April 11 of the ninth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the tenth year of Jin Tiancong (1636), Huang Taiji personally went to the outskirts of Shengjing and held a grand ceremony to worship the altar; After the ceremony, the ministers presented the "persuasion text" to Huang Taiji, and gave Huang Taiji the honorific title of "Emperor Kuanwen Rensheng", which marked the official title of Huang Taiji as emperor.

After Huang Taiji became emperor, he changed the country name from 'Dajin' to 'Daqing', changed the year name from 'Tiancong' to 'Chongde', and posthumously honored his father, the actual founder of the Qing Dynasty, and the first Great Khan of Houjin, Nurhachi, as "Guangyun Shengde Ren Xiaowu Emperor", and respected the temple name as "Taizu"; The 'Old Khan Mausoleum' of Nurhachi was officially renamed 'Fuling' in the first year of Chongde (1636), and Huang Taiji also formulated the sacrificial rites of Fuling.

In addition, according to the ancient system of the Central Plains Dynasty, Huang Taiji posthumously honored four generations of ancestors as kings - the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, the first commander of the Jianzhou Left Guard, and the seventh ancestor of Huang Taiji, Meng Temu (Meng Ge Timur) as the king of Ze; Great grandfather Fuman is the king of Qing; Great-grandfather Jue Chang'an was the king of Chang; Grandfather Takshi is the king of Fu (the sixth ancestor of Huang Taiji, Dong Shan, and the fifth ancestor Xibao Qi Zhanggu were not posthumously honored); At the same time, it also set up a memorial tablet for the four kings in the temple. In addition, Huang Taiji set up the mound of King Ze (Mengtemu) after the tomb of King Qing (Fuman) in the 'Xingjing Mausoleum', which is called the "Tomb of the Second Ancestor".

On the ninth day of August in the sixteenth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the eighth year of Chongde of the Qing Dynasty (1643), Huang Taiji, who had been the Great Khan for ten years and the emperor for seven years, suddenly died suddenly in the Shengjing (Shenyang) Palace at the age of fifty-two without any warning; On August 16, the highest authority of the Qing Dynasty, the Council of Ministers of the King of Parliament, was held in the Chongzheng Hall of the Shengjing Imperial Palace; After another fierce power struggle with ups and downs, Huang Taiji's ninth son, the six-year-old Fulin, was unexpectedly elected as the new emperor and inherited the throne left by Huang Taiji (about this matter, many film and television literary works have been tired of repeating and repeating the description, and will not be expanded here).

On August 26, headed by Prince Li Daishan, the princes and ministers of the Qing Dynasty surrounded the six-year-old ninth son Fulin, and ascended the throne in the Dazheng Hall of the Shengjing Imperial Palace, taking the next year as the first year of Shunzhi; Fu Lin is the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Shunzhi.

After Emperor Shunzhi ascended the throne, he took his cousin Prince Zheng Zierharang (nephew of Nurhachi) and his uncle Prince Rui Dolgon as regent to assist him in governing the state (in fact, it was decided by the princes and ministers after consultation, what did a six-year-old child of Emperor Shunzhi know); The first thing after Emperor Shunzhi succeeded to the throne was to build a mausoleum for the deceased Emperor Taiji.

In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the eighth year of Chongde of the Qing Dynasty (1643), Emperor Shunzhi (in fact, the regent and other ministers of the clan) was the first emperor (Huang Taiji) and was called "Emperor Taizong of the Heavenly Rejuvenation Kingdom, Hongde Zhangwu Kuan, Wenren Shengrui Xiaowen Emperor" (later added as the Emperor of Yingtian Xingguo Hongde Zhangwu Kuan, Wenren Shengrui Filial Piety, Jingmin Zhaoding, Longdao, Xiangongwen Emperor'), and the temple name was "Taizong". Immediately, Emperor Shunzhi issued another edict for the first emperor to build a mausoleum about ten miles north of Shengjing.

In April of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty and the first year of Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty (1644), the central court of the Ming Dynasty was overthrown by the peasant army, and then the Qing army entered the customs to defeat the peasant army, and the world changed hands; In August, Emperor Shunzhi personally named Taizong's mausoleum in Shengjing 'Zhaoling' before entering the customs from Shengjing to Jingshi (Beijing).

In the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), Emperor Shunzhi pursued the four kings of Ze, Qing, Chang and Fu - Zewang Meng Temu as Emperor Zhaozuyuan, King Fuman of Qing as Emperor Xingzuzhi, King Chang'an of Chang as Emperor Jingzuyi, and King Takshi of Fu as Emperor Xianzu Xuan. The wives of the four kings are respectively honored as Empress Zhaozuyuan, Empress Xingzuzhi, Empress Jingzuyi, and Empress Xianzu Xuan.

In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), the Shunzhi Emperor changed the Niya Manshan Hill where the Jingling Tomb is located to "Qiyun Mountain", and in the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), the Xingjing Tomb was built to enjoy the palace, the matching hall, and the square city gate wall. In the twelfth year of Shunzhi (1655), the stele pavilion of Zhaozu and Xingzu's sacred virtue monument was completed.

Because he felt that the feng shui of the Tokyo Mausoleum was not as good as the Xingjing Mausoleum, Emperor Shunzhi moved the two tombs of Jingzu and Xianzu and the two tombs of Wugong Junwang (Lidun) and Kegong Beile (Tacha Zhanggu) who were reburied in the Tokyo Mausoleum in the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658) and buried them in front of the Zhaozu and Xingzu Mausoleums (the Tokyo Mausoleum continued to bury Shuerhaqi, Chu Ying and others).

In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Emperor Shunzhi officially renamed Xingjing Mausoleum as 'Yongling', which was intended to pray for 'the eternal stability of the country and the eternal existence of the emperor'. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), the Yongling Hall was named "Qiyun Palace", and the Fangcheng City Gate was named "Qiyun Gate", and the Shengong and Shengde Tablet Pavilion of Jingzu and Xianzu were added.

So far, the ceremonial system of the first imperial tomb of the Qing Dynasty, 'Yongling', has been completed.

The second imperial tomb of the Qing Dynasty, Nurhachi's 'Fuling', in the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), added stone elephants, pillars, optimus and other stone components. In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), the expansion project of the Xiangdian of Fuling was completed. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the corner tower of Fuling, the guard yamen, and the doors on both sides of the big red gate were all expanded, and the stone elephant was added to Sumeru, and the repair of Fangcheng was completed.

The dormitory of Fuling was built in the second year of Kangxi (1663). Completed the following year, the name of the monument of Gari Nurhachi, and the Ming Tower was built on the square city. In the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi (1688), the Fuling Shengong Shengde Monument was completed, which marked the completion of the imperial ritual system of Fuling.

The third imperial mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty - Huang Taiji's 'Zhaoling', because Huang Taiji had been called the emperor during his lifetime, so his mausoleum was built in accordance with the emperor's standards, which also saved the Qing Dynasty's later emperors to constantly re-add and repair the mausoleum ritual system of the cumbersome things (such as Yongling and Fuling, many times renovated and added palaces and stone statues that conform to the ritual system).

Therefore, Zhaoling was named in the first year of Shunzhi (1644), and after the completion of the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), it was not expanded in a big way, but it was only rebuilt and repaired in the years of Kangxi, Qianlong and Jiaqing, so as to maintain the integrity of the mausoleum and the maintenance of safety.

The above three tombs - 'Yongling', 'Fuling', 'Zhaoling', are the three imperial tombs built in the old land of Liaodong when the Qing Dynasty was first established and has not yet entered the customs, and the four distant ancestors of the Qing Dynasty (Yongling), Taizu Nurhachi (Fuling), and Taizong Emperor Taiji (Zhaoling) are buried respectively, known as the 'Shengjing Three Tombs'. As for the Liaoyang 'Tokyo Mausoleum', which was once treated as an ancestral tomb by the Qing Dynasty, because the tombs of the four ancestors of Zhaozu, Xingzu, Jingzu and Xianzu were moved away one after another, only the tombs of Prince Zhuang (Shuerhaqi) and Guangluo Belle (Chu Ying) and others were left here, so it is no longer regarded as one of the imperial tombs of the Qing Dynasty.