During the 194th Hongwu period, the Shanxi People's Congress migrated

"This Mu Xiaocui was originally from Shanxi, but he came to Shandong because of an unsuccessful marriage and became a lonely ghost! He said: "The emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, is even more hateful, just for the dog to bite him, he washed Shandong in blood for 12 years, killed the people of Shandong, and then migrated from Shanxi to this place, which is really a heinous villain!

"Well, not really!" said Piggy, "it's just folklore, and the real reason is not that." ”

"What's that?" Ermao was anxious to unravel the truth of this centuries-old folklore.

"This really has to start with Zhu Yuanzhang, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty," Zhu Zhu said: "It is only because of the several major migrations in the Ming Dynasty that this girl in love, Mu Xiaocui, has become a ghost for the ages! Thousands of miles of rivers and mountains are unreclaimed for farming, and the land of the Central Plains has reached the situation of 'thousands of villages and thunderbolts are lost, and thousands of households are sparse and ghosts sing'. ”

"I want to ask where my ancestors are? The big locust tree in Hongdong, Shanxi! I know that most of the people in Shandong are from Shanxi, but I don't know why I migrated from Shanxi to Shandong?" Ermao said: "Our genealogy records that our Cheng family moved from Shanxi to Shandong. For many years, I have always had a question, that is, why did Zhu Yuanzhang make such a big migration in the first place?

"Not once," said Piggy, "dozens of times, nearly fifty years!"

"So long?"

Zhu Zhu said: "After several wars, the Central Plains boundary centered on Shandong, Henan and Hebei. As a result of the war, the people in the Central Plains have been displaced and have fled for refuge! The Central Plains has almost become empty land. There is no one to cultivate the land, and the land is barren......

At that time, officials from all over the country reported to the Ming government about the desolation of various places, and the Central Plains was full of manpower, which had been barren for a long time. ”

Zhu Zhu briefly introduced the background of the times and the reasons for the great migration to Ermao:

The two sentences of the local officials at that time in the recital of the Imperial Court are enough to illustrate the problem: "The remains are piled up and there are few inhabitants", which means that the bones of the dead are piled up, and the inhabitants are barely visible, and the people living there are extremely scarce.

At that time, the Central Plains was mostly uninhabited. The financial situation can be described in one sentence: "Accumulated taxes are not included in taxes." ”

Then. There was a serious shortage of labor, large tracts of land were barren, and fiscal revenues were sharply reduced, which directly threatened the rule of the Ming Dynasty. ”

Even Zhu Yuanzhang himself knows it well. After the funeral. The Central Plains is reckless. The people are scarce, the so-called fields are opened, and the number of households is increasing. This is the urgent task of the Central Plains!

Therefore, he adopted the proposals of Su Qi of Zhengzhou, Liu Jiugao of Hubu Langzhong, Song Na of Guozijian and others, and decided the strategic decision of immigrating to Tuntian in order to maintain the feudal rule of the Ming Dynasty, and a large-scale immigration activity that lasted for more than 50 years after several dynasties began vigorously. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of immigrants began, agricultural production had just recovered, and there was a "Battle of Jingyan", and the four-year war aggravated the desolate situation in the Central Plains.

After the death of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Jianwen succeeded to the throne, in order to consolidate the centralized power, took the measure of "cutting the domain", Zhu Di, the king of Yan, entered Beijing in the name of rape, entered Nanjing from Beijing, passed through Hebei, Henan, Shandong, northern Anhui, Huaibei and other places, and the government army repeatedly tug-of-war, and carried out four years of war, this is the so-called "Yan Wang sweeping the monument" that prevailed in the Central Plains. At that time, the common people in some areas also organized their own arms to resist the army of King Yan. This shows the people's desire to live and work in peace and contentment and to resume production.

In the war, the Yan army looted and slaughtered very seriously, and the Yan army wantonly plundered Zhending, Shunde, Guangping, and Daimyo. And in Zhending, he beheaded 30,000 people, Baigou River to fight, and King Yan "fought by arson, beheaded tens of thousands, and drowned more than 100,000 people."

At that time, the troops of Zhu Di of the Yan army, the army and the people who were loyal to Emperor Jianwen were killed, Hebei, Shandong and other historical materials recorded that the Yan soldiers arrived, the village city became ruins, when the king of Yan hit the junction of Hebei and Henan, it was resisted by the local armed "eighteen village associations", the king of Yan turned around and captured Nanjing, and the king of Yan killed only the fox and Liu two families in this area.

Zhu Dijing, the king of Yan, was difficult to fight, when Jianwen formed troops in the north and south, and the army of the southern soldiers pursued, the southern soldiers were from the south to the north, and the northern soldiers won the army and committed the army from the north to the south.

Therefore, the Battle of Jingjing exacerbated the desolate situation in the Central Plains, and the people either killed or fled, which was also another reason for Yongle immigration.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, when the Central Plains region was in turmoil, Shanxi was another scene, the Central Plains region and various plagues rarely affected Shanxi, and most of Shanxi did not have major floods, droughts and insect plagues, and the wind and rain were smooth and bumper harvests year after year, compared with the neighboring provinces, the society was stable, the economy was prosperous, the people were prosperous, they lived and worked in peace and contentment, and they had something to do and raised their minds.

In the 14th year of Hongwu, the population of Henan was more than 1,891,000 and that of Hebei was more than 1,893,000, while the population of Shanxi reached 4,030,000,450, equal to the total population of Hebei and Henan.

The population of Shanxi is extremely unbalanced compared to that of the Central Plains. In the fourteenth year of Hongwu (1381), the population of Henan was 1.891 million, and the population of Hebei was 1.893 million.

However, the population of Shanxi is as high as 4,030,400, which is 250,000 more than the combined population of Henan and Hebei. In terms of population density, also in the 14th year of Hongwu (1381), the average population per square kilometer in Shanxi was 27.52, while in Henan was 12.85 people per square kilometer, and Henan's population density was less than half of that of Shanxi. In this way, the problem of Shanxi's "narrow land and dense people's livelihood difficulties" has become more and more prominent, and even Zhu Yuanzhang has realized that "the people of Shanxi are narrow". At this time, the important officials of the court repeatedly proposed that they should emigrate from Shanxi to the Central Plains.

In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Su Qi, the governor of Zhengzhou, put forward a proposal to immigrate to the Central Plains.

In the fifteenth year of Hongwu (1382), Shi Guiyanliang, the chief of the Jin Dynasty, wrote the chapter of "Taiping Zhiyao", which was as long as 20 pieces. The most talked about is the immigration from Shanxi to the Central Plains.

In the twenty-first year of Hongwu (1388), Liu Jiugao, the head of the household department, asked the people of Shanxi to move to the Central Plains. finally got Zhu Yuanzhang's approval. Thus began a vigorous immigration campaign.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the immigrants from Shanxi were said to have moved from under the big locust tree in Hongdong, but in fact it was far more than that. Taiyuan, Pingyang, Zezhou, Luzhou, Liaozhou, Fenzhou, Qinzhou, Ding Duotian few, adopted the method of "dividing their Ding Kou" to carry out immigration. This area is quite large, including the areas of present-day Jinzhong, Jinnan, Luliang and southeastern Jin. According to the administrative division of Shanxi in the early Ming Dynasty, the so-called Taiyuan refers to Taiyuan Prefecture, which has jurisdiction over 6 prefectures and 20 counties; Pingyang refers to Pingyang Prefecture, which has jurisdiction over 6 prefectures and 29 counties; Ze is Zezhou, which is directly subordinate to the province and has jurisdiction over 4 counties; Liao refers to Liaozhou, which is directly affiliated with the province and has jurisdiction over 2 counties; Qin refers to Qinzhou, which has jurisdiction over 2 counties; Lu is Luzhou, which has jurisdiction over 6 counties; and Fen refers to Fenzhou, which has jurisdiction over 3 counties. In this way, at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Shanxi immigrants involved 2 prefectures, 17 prefectures, and 66 counties. Under the natural conditions of heavy mountains and blocked roads at that time, was it necessary for immigrants from so many places to concentrate under the big locust tree in Hongdong County? Is it possible? I am afraid that it is unnecessary and impossible. However, because Hongdong was the largest "point of travel" for immigrants at that time, it had a great influence in later history, and the descendants of immigrants were naturally happy to identify with such a starting place.

"Let's go through the Ming Dynasty and see how about it?" Ermao had a whim.

"Let's go!" along the time tunnel, the two came to the Ming Dynasty six hundred years ago...... (To be continued......)