"Woo-"

It seems that Zhu Gaoxu's rebuke in the temple played a role, and in the following days, the number of people impeaching Wu Gao plummeted.

At the same time, as the time came to the end of the fourth year of Hongxi, the Liangjing Railway was finally repaired to Yingtianfu Jiangpu Station.

The opening of the Liangjing Railway undoubtedly represents the further deepening of the communication between the north and the south, and this is the second fast channel that can communicate between the north and the south in addition to the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.

However, compared with the water transportation of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, the speed of the railway is more than three times faster, and the time cost is saved.

Although the current train fares are not affordable for the general public, for the merchants, the rapid circulation of goods from the north and south is more lucrative.

For example, it used to take about a month to do business from Jiangnan and Beiping, and you could earn 300 yuan by running the canal.

But now, with the arrival of the train in Datong, coal has also begun to be transported south.

"I understand, thank you for your advice."

When the people don't know what to say, when they celebrate the New Year, the "Daming Daily" in all parts of the world publishes newspapers in various places in the early morning of the sixteenth day of the first lunar month.

Yisha chuckled and presented the music with both hands, and Zhu Gaoxu also took the reading of the music and ten lines.

After Zhu Gaoxu's order, Guo Zi also got up and left Wuying Hall with his permission, and went to make money.

"I will allow you to use one-third of the savings in the bank, and 10 million yuan in the treasury will be enough."

"Last year, the number of households in the world was 18,456,000, and the number of mouths was 97,456,425."

"Those purchased before this are still exchanged according to the policy of exchanging bonds with interest for three years."

At the same time, he also instructed Hu Lun: "I know, just keep an eye on it, go down." ”

"The eldest son is in the army, and the second son is in politics, no wonder Meng Zhang has a headache." Zhu Gaoxu shook his head and put the music down.

"There is a little reason, mainly the matter of Kunlun Continent."

"Now that the railway is being built, the people along the railway are very rich, and there is a shortage of grain in the north and cattle and sheep in the south, this is the business you can do."

Seeing him appear, Zhu Gaoxu looked sideways and said: "He disappeared early in the morning, if you don't have a valid reason, then I'm afraid I'll have to ask." ”

Taking Henan as an example, before Yongle and Hongxi moved into Henan, Henan's population was only 2 million, and its cultivated land was only 27 million mu.

When he saw Meng Ran's name, Zhu Gaoxu frowned slightly, because he remembered that Meng Zhang said that his youngest son was not a good man and always thought about other ways, so Meng Zhang often had a headache about his affairs.

Guo Zi obviously knew about Zhu Gaoxu's arrangement for a long time, so he responded unhurriedly.

After the people, who were accustomed to reading newspapers, learned that the principal and interest of the first batch of government bonds had been settled today and that the issuance of railway government bonds had been stopped, many people who had spare money in their hands went to the banks one after another to look lively.

For a time, remorse filled the psychology of this group of people, and many people kept asking when the treasury bonds would be reissued.

Guo Zi took out the financial situation of the Ming Dynasty as a whole, because the national debt of the Ming Dynasty is a three-year system, and now it is just three years old, so it needs to be repaid with interest 1.38 million yuan.

In this environment, an article dedicated to land investment also appeared in Daming Daily.

The profit of a single trip has decreased, but the overall profit has increased.

When passing through the palace gate, he and Guo Zi looked at each other, and after greeting each other, they went to their respective places.

In this regard, Guo Zi and Zhu Gaoxu did not feel that there was anything wrong, because they knew that this was the next game of chess.

Zhu Gaoxu leaned on the side of the armrest of the dragon chair and touched his mustache with the hand he was leaning on, giving people the illusion that he didn't care about anything.

Despite the displeasure of the people and officials alike with the reduction in interest rates, much of the country's middle class flocked to the banks when the newspapers published them.

"Your Majesty, this treasury bond issuance, of which the five-year and ten-year periods, was snapped up long before the banks opened."

In order to insure, they bribed the directors of local banks to buy bonds in advance in order to obtain high bond returns.

As long as the people get used to the treasury bonds and enjoy the benefits from the exchange of the treasury bonds with interest, then there will be no worries that no one will buy the 36 million construction bonds issued by Daming.

In this way, even if there are middlemen to handle it, the people of Jiangnan can still get benefits.

The $35 million national debt is just the beginning, and there will be more such dramas in the future.

"The business that the imperial court wants to do is best a stable and large business."

Zhu Gaoxu set his eyes on Huang Fu in the palace, and Huang Fu wore court clothes and said:

"Back to Your Majesty, the first section of the Mobei Railway from Hecheng to Hailaer City has been surveyed, the whole journey is 630 miles, 30 miles less than expected, in addition, the cost is slightly higher than the plain, but it is not too high, the cost is 3.8 million taels, considering that the local winter is long, so the winter is used to collect and transport materials, only the summer and autumn can be started, so the construction period is about four years."

Their reasons were high-sounding, believing that it was taken from the people for the people, and that the imperial court would have cost a lot of money to build the railway, so the issuance of treasury bonds would undoubtedly solve the financial burden in the short term.

"It is decreed that the bonds will be exchanged for bonds and interest on the 16th day of the first month, and the issuance of railway bonds will be stopped at the same time."

Not only the private sector, but also officials have begun to ask for the issuance of government bonds.

Zhu Gaoxu and Guo Zi talked about these ways to make money, and they didn't feel anything wrong.

This is the output of one and a half acres of land in Jiangnan, so many people in Jiangnan may not be able to eat hot rice.

It's just that without waiting for the household department to take a breather, the arrival of Hong Xi's fifth year also means that their burden will be heavier.

At the beginning of May, when the treasury bonds were snapped up, Hu Lun was making a report in the Wuying Palace.

As soon as Zhu Gaoxu opened his mouth to build three railways, Guo Zi, who heard this, could only bow his head: "Having said that, after three years, the imperial court needs to repay 21.2 million yuan with interest, 11.25 million yuan after five years, and 6.5 million yuan after ten years, totaling 38.95 million yuan." ”

"Your Majesty, the annual interest of the 35 million guan treasury bond is nearly one million, and the minister really doesn't think that the imperial court needs so much money and grain."

"The minister commands."

In just one month, 35 million treasury bonds were sold out, and this operation also made Guo Zi realize the importance of the newspaper.

"In just two days, 15 million treasury bonds were snapped up."

"Calculated down, the interest alone is 3.95 million yuan, which is really ......"

Cattle, sheep and coal from the north can be quickly transported to the south of the Yangtze River, and grain cloth from the south can be quickly delivered to the north, and the goods of the two commodities can be exchanged with each other, further deepening the communication between the north and the south.

Looking at those who exchanged the principal and interest, many people regretted their own short-sightedness and hated the sudden cessation of the issuance of treasury bonds by the imperial court.

Zhu Gaoxu asked Guo Zi, and Guo Zi said without hesitation: "At present, it has been repaired to Huai'an County, and it has been divided into two, all the way to Hetao, all the way to Taiyuan. ”

This may not seem like much, but if the imperial court sends a hundred trains to transport coal from Datong every day and sells them to various cities along the way, the cost can be further reduced and the profit will be more.

Ordinary people don't know the whereabouts of the fifteen million yuan of five- and ten-year national debt, but the imperial court can't be unaware.

"In October last year, the Ministry of Industry began to prepare materials from Hecheng, and it is expected that construction can start in early April."

During the Hongwu period, coal was 130 wen per 100 catties, and there were not many jobs in Jiangnan that could provide jobs, and if you wanted to eat hot meals every day, a family would have to use at least 1,300 catties of coal every year, which was consistent money.

"Merchants will use money to do business, don't you know?"

If so, the interest rate would be only 1.86% per annum.

With the completion of the Liangjing Railway, the burden on the household department has also been much easier.

According to the statistics of the Ministry of Rites, the illiteracy rate of the Ming Dynasty has plummeted from 92% in the 33rd year of Hongwu to 74% today, that is to say, nearly a quarter of the Ming people are literate, and they can naturally read this vernacular article if they are literate.

In the past, transporting 100 tons of coal by ship or carriage to the south cost 12 miles per 100 miles.

During the Hongwu period, one acre of high-quality land in Henan was only seven guan, but now it has risen to fifteen guan.

"Last year, the number of acres of land in the world was 6,952,432 hectares, and there were 97 acres and three cents left."

Therefore, the officials in Beijing knew two months in advance that the imperial court would issue bonds, and two months was enough time for them to prepare a large amount of cash.

It is now the fifth year of Hongxi, 22 years have passed since the Ming Dynasty implemented official learning, and seven years have passed since the implementation of official education across the country.

Many people are ready to buy 10-year Treasury bonds, but when they arrive at the bank, they find that they only have 3-year Treasury bonds.

"The capacity of the railway is better than me, and although the current merchants are doing business, the number of trains is actually very unreasonable, and at most one train can be sent every hour."

"Take a seat."

After all, Zhu Gaoxu once said that national bonds are legitimate income, and this has undoubtedly become the best investment product for officials.

"Ministry of Industry, how is the survey of the Mobei Railway, can we start construction?"

"On the first day of the first month of the fifth year of Hongxi, the depositors of Daming Bank were 3,460,357, with savings of 4,5553,647,570,570,000, and 3,560,423 yuan of treasury bonds, with more than 178,000 yuan of interest."

Fifteen million Treasury bonds, with a term of five years and a term of 10 years, were bought out just after the market opened.

"At present, there are still 26,350,000 passbooks accumulated in the treasury and in the world's standing positions, and there are 4,582,542,339 percent of immovable gold."

At the meeting of the fifth year of Hongxi's New Year's Day, Guo Zi, the head of the household department, reported on the situation in the past year.

"Last year, the imperial court spent 28.5 million yuan on administrative expenses, 19.67 million yuan on military salaries and military expenses for the governor's office of the six armies, and 6.2 million yuan on policy railways, totaling more than 52.49 million yuan."

Compared with Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Gaoxu's economic means are undoubtedly more sophisticated, bonds are his means of raising funds from the people, and newspapers are his means of controlling public opinion.

Guo Zi said this, and Zhu Gaoxu continued when he heard this: "You have the yamen of the world in your hands, won't you let them prepare a list of materials and prices along the railway for you, and then buy and sell them from north to south?" ”

As soon as the people began to speculate on treasury bonds, Zhu Gaoxu could immediately issue other treasury bonds with lower interest rates and obtain a large amount of gold, silver and copper coins from the middle class of the Ming Dynasty.

Guo Zi and Huang Fu had already prepared, so they hurriedly made a move.

The daily coal needs of more than 40 million people is definitely an astronomical amount, and you must know that there are very few mature trees in Jiangnan now, let alone forests, even in the mountainous areas of Fujian, let alone Jiangnan.

As the population of the Ming Dynasty continued to expand, the price of land in the local area became higher and higher, and the return on investment in land was too slow.

"Your Majesty, the head of the household department Guo Zi asks to see you."

After Huang Fu finished speaking, he returned to his position, and Zhu Gaoxu said when he heard this:

"After the Lantern Festival, the four railways of Mobei, Beijing-Tianjin, Sichuan, and the Central Plains started construction at the same time."

"You can use the rest of the money to do business, and you can make as much as you want."

It is important to expand the territory, but people's livelihood must also be the foundation.

With the dispersion of the dynasty, the "Daming Daily", which was published quarterly by the Ming Dynasty, also began to be sent to the local area in an expedited manner for 800 miles.

"Your Majesty......"

After the imperial court carried out a large-scale migration, Henan's population doubled in less than 20 years, and now the population is more than 4 million, but the cultivated land has only increased to more than 33 million mu.

For the rich peasants and small landlords, it was impossible for them to work in the fields themselves, and the land was rented to poor peasant households for cultivation, and the maximum rent they received was not more than 40% of the land stipulated by the imperial court, so the annual return per mu of land was 280 wen.

"Only by letting money circulate can we better promote the market economy, and you should have your own opinions on this point after reading my book, so I won't interfere too much."

"Let me ask you, where is the Northwest Railroad now?"

Soon after he left, he also walked into the temple with a copy of the music.

The number of issuances this time is 20 million for a three-year period, 10 million for a five-year period, and 5 million for a 10-year period, for a total of 35 million.

Zhu Gaoxu measured his merits, in addition to the development of territory, what he also had to look at was the lives of the people.

Although many people thought it was strange, they only thought that it was due to the fact that the national bonds were too hot, so they invested their funds in the three-year fixed treasury bonds.

The so-called competing with the people for profit is a pedantic view in Zhu Gaoxu's view, and if all the money for competing with the people is used for the people, Zhu Gaoxu does not believe that the people will feel that the court is wrong to make money.

In the case of a land price of 15 per mu, the annual return is only 280 yuan, which means that it takes 54 years for an acre of land to recover the capital.

It is entirely possible for the household department to transport the coal to the railway station, and then sell the coal to the merchants, who will transport it to various places and sell it to the common people.

"The total amount of banks and treasury bonds in your hands is nearly 80 million yuan, and if you count the national treasury, it is 100 million yuan."

Zhu Gaoxu is not going to issue railway bonds, which was originally a gimmick used to attract the first batch of ordinary people to invest.

"They started buying Treasury bonds on March 29 and filled in the date of the bonds as the first day of April."

As early as when Zhu Gaochu was promoting national bonds, he thought that there would be such a day.

When something is everywhere and no one cherishes it, when it becomes scarce, everyone will flock to it like a shark that smells blood.

Moreover, he only counted the output, not the increase in the value of the land.

"No, I'm just sighing." Zhu Gaoxu lifted the pen and lowered his head to deal with the sparseness.

History is a cycle, when Zhu Yuanzhang got the treasure banknotes, the officials calculated to get the treasure money, but they didn't expect Zhu Yuanzhang to use the treasure money as paper to print, so they lost their wife and soldiers.

Even if only 10 million people need coal, it is 30 million catties of coal purchased every day.

"This money is used to buy and sell materials, and the people along the Huili Railway, is it possible that they can't earn back a little interest money?"

After a while, he added:

Guo Zi said this, but Zhu Gaoxu said: "Since this national debt has been raised, it is time to start the construction of the Han Railway, the Huguang Railway, and the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway." ”

Hu Lun told Zhu Gaoxu all the information he had collected, and although Zhu Gaochu was not surprised by this, he still admired the vision of the group of people in Daming.

The issuance of treasury bonds was signed by Zhu Gaoxu on the second day of February, and at the same time, bonds were distributed to 2,400 banks across the country.

"The minister retires......" Hu Lun returned the salute, and then got up and walked out of the hall.

In fact, when the news came to Wu Yingdian, Zhu Gaoxu had already guessed the whereabouts of these national bonds, and asked Hu Lun to investigate, just to be completely sure.

However, before that, the interest on this treasury bond has to be adjusted, otherwise the people will buy a large number of people, and the court will not be able to pay the high interest rate of 5%.

"The Minister's Decree ......"

Seeing this, Zhu Gaoxu instructed to inquire about other matters of the six departments, and finally solved most of the problems within an hour, and finally announced the dissolution of the dynasty.

If Zhu Gaoxu wants to speculate on treasury bonds, he must first make treasury bonds scarce.

Originally, I could earn 3,600 yuan a year, but now I can earn 7,200 yuan.

Although the price of land has risen, the output has not changed much, after all, Henan's water conservancy has been attached great importance to in the Hongwu years, and the grain output brought by water conservancy has long been implemented.

If we add in the increase in the value of the land, it is clear that the rate of return on the land will be much higher than the number he wrote.

Even if you go to Jiangnan every time, you can earn more than 300,000 yuan a year, and if you sell it to Beiping, Henan, and Shandong railway counties, the profit can even multiply several times.

The so-called return on land is only 1.86%, which is just an article written by himself to guide public opinion.

Guo Zizuo expressed his admiration, and Zhu Gaoxu said:

"You are the head of the household, and what you have to do is that money can make money, so that the bank's savings and national bonds can last for a long time."

Guo Zi walked into the hall, and a eunuch on duty changed his chair.

As soon as this article was published, many people regretted it even more.

The words of the eunuch on duty woke Zhu Gaoxu up, and he looked at the palace door: "Xuan." ”

Originally, the cost of 100 catties of coal was 30 yuan, and most of it was in transportation.

I have to say that this group of people is really unparalleled in the world in terms of calculation.

This is still a commercial means of selling things to the south, and if you buy wine, sugar, cloth and other commercial goods from the south of the Yangtze River and go north, and sell them, you can still make another profit.

One acre of Henan high-grade field, the highest yield per year is only two stones per mu, and you can get 700 Wen after selling.

"If it is used for freight transportation, dozens of buses can be sent in an hour, so why can't the household department make money?"

"Last year, the imperial court withdrew 2.83 million guan from the household department, and at the end of the year, it needed to exchange 1.2 million guan for national bonds, and 180,000 guan with interest, totaling 1.38 million guan."

"Last year, the total amount of the imperial court's land tax, commercial tax, customs duties, and mining tax was 46,274,327."

Guo Zi only felt bitter in his mouth, but Zhu Gaoxu chuckled and said, "You......"

That's their reasoning, but in reality all they want is to get a piece of the national debt.

"The northern section is expected to reach Dingxiang County (Hohhot) in Hetao at the end of the year, and the southern section is expected to arrive in Shuozhou at the end of the year."

However, Henan is Henan, and other places are other places, if you really want to write about places with low returns, then Zhu Gaoxu can undoubtedly write about the low rate of return on land in Jiangnan.

Guo Zi is good at managing money and grain, but he really hasn't thought about using the money and grain of the imperial court to buy and sell, and now after Zhu Gaoxu's allocation, he suddenly realized.

Now after changing the canal to a railway, Jiangnan and Beiping do business once, and it only takes ten days to go back and forth, and you can earn 200 yuan.

"In addition to that, sugar in the south and fur in the north are also business, not to mention coal."

Of course, this rate of return is actually about the same as the actual rate of return on land in Henan.

"If it weren't for the limited bonds of the local banks, they would have snapped up all the bonds on the first day."

The 2,400 banks in the Ming Dynasty have never been as lively as they are today.

"Meng Mao is indeed an official of a thousand households, he followed Wang Rong to Yanran City before, the team was orderly, and he was praised by Wang Rong."

Similarly, if you buy the railway bonds originally issued by the imperial court, it will only take 20 years to recover the cost, and the return on investment is 250% of the land, which is unimaginable.

"Meng Mao is now a thousand-household official, right?" Zhu Gaoxu mentioned Meng Zhang's eldest son, and he nodded and said:

Zhu Gaoxu has never doubted the coal market in Jiangnan.

Yisha thought that he didn't like this way of cultivating heirs, so he said, "Do you want to remind me?" ”

There are not a few such people, and they happen to be the middle class in the entire class of the Ming Dynasty.

There is no shortage of strange people among the people, and naturally some people can see this, but they have no way to spread their voices, so most people can only receive their own voices and be guided by their own public opinion.

In the end, in the excitement of the world, the "Daming Daily" in the second quarter of the fifth year of Hongxi announced the issuance of 3,000 "Daming Construction Treasury Bonds", which are three kinds of fixed three, regular five and ten years, and the interest rate ranges from 2% for three years to 2.5% for five years and then to 3% for ten years.

Many people went to exchange principal and interest, and some tried to snap up government bonds, but they were announced that they had stopped issuance, and they beat their chests angrily.

At present, the railway freight cost of the imperial court is actually three times per 100 li when it is fully loaded, that is to say, in the case of a full load of 200 tons of coal, the coal transported from Shanxi to Jiangnan does not exceed 130 yuan of labor, and after selling at the price of 70 wen per 100 catties, the imperial court can earn 10 yuan per trip.

"By the way, let the people in the West Factory increase the monitoring of Kunlun Zhou, and Jinyiwei will also supervise those who buy the most treasury bonds."

When the words fell, he said no more, and when he saw this, he turned and commanded.

(End of chapter)