Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty failed to seek immortals in his later years, and because of the scourge of witches, father and son killed each other, and the crown prince Liu Ju committed suicide, all kinds of blows made Emperor Wu disheartened and regretted what he had done in the past. After ascending Mount Tai and worshipping the Ming Hall, Emperor Wu issued the "Luntai Guilty Edict" and said, "Since I ascended the throne, I have been rebellious, making the world sad and unrepentant." From now on, those who have harmed the people and wasted the world will stop it!" to show that they admit their mistakes. As a result, the world gradually returned to harmony, laying the foundation for the prosperity of Zhaoxuan Zhongxing.

It's one thing to ask for immortals, but it's another thing to ask for immortals to hope for immortality.

Among the emperors, there is no one who seeks immortality, and the result is more tragic than Tang Taizong.

Tang Taizong Li Shimin (January 28, 598 [January 23, 599] - July 10, 649), ancestral home of Chengji, Longxi (now Tianshui, Gansu), was the second son of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan and Empress Dou, and the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty. Li Shimin joined the army as a young man and went to Yanmen Pass to rescue Emperor Yang of Sui. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin's official residence was Shang Shuling, the right military general, and was named the Duke of Qin, and the later Jin was named the King of Qin, and successively led his troops to pacify Xue Rengao, Liu Wuzhou, Dou Jiande, Wang Shichong and other warlords, and made great achievements in the establishment and unification of the Tang Dynasty. In the ninth year of Wude (626 AD), Li Shimin launched the Xuanwumen Rebellion, killed his elder brother Li Jiancheng, the fourth brother Li Yuanji, the king of Qi, and their sons, and was made the crown prince. Tang Gaozu Li Yuan was soon forced to abdicate, and Li Shimin ascended the throne with the year name Zhenguan. After Li Shimin became emperor, he actively listened to the opinions of his ministers and ruled the world with literature. And open up the territory, humbly accept advice, in the country to practice economy, and so that the people can recuperate, and finally make the society appear a situation of national peace and security, create the famous Zhenguan rule in Chinese history, for the later Tang Dynasty more than 100 years of prosperity to lay an important foundation. On July 10, 649 A.D. (Zhenguan 23rd May Jisi day), Tang Taizong Li Shimin died of illness in Hanfeng Hall at the age of 52, reigning for 23 years. The temple number is Taizong. Buried in Zhaoling. Li Shimin loves literature and calligraphy, and has ink treasures handed down to the world.

Li Shimin was born in the Li Family Annex in present-day Wugong, Shaanxi Province in 598 A.D. (the seventeenth year of Emperor Wen of Sui) on the day of the twelfth month of the lunar calendar (one says that in 599 A.D., the day of December of the eighteenth year of the emperor). His father was Li Yuan, who was an official of the Sui Dynasty at the time. The mother is the Dou clan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Li Shimin was 4 years old. A scholar who claimed to be a face-to-face came to the house and said to his father Li Yuan: "You are a noble person, and you have a noble son." "When I met Li Shimin. The scholar actually said: "The posture of the dragon and phoenix, the watch of the sky, when you are twenty years old, you will be able to help the world and the people." Li Yuan adopted the meaning of "helping the world and the people" and named his son "Shimin". In his childhood, Li Shimin was smart and decisive, uninhibited, received Confucian education, learned martial arts, and was good at riding and archery. In 613 A.D. (the ninth year of Emperor Yang of Sui), Li Shimin married Gao Shilian's niece Changsun as his wife. In 615 A.D. (the eleventh year of the Great Cause), Li Shimin joined Yun Dingxing's army and went to Yanmen Pass to rescue Emperor Yang of Sui, who was besieged by the Turks. In 616 A.D. (the twelfth year of the Great Cause), his father Li Yuan was appointed as the guard of Jinyang, and Li Shimin followed him to Taiyuan and accompanied his father on many expeditions to quell various rebellions in present-day Shanxi Province and resist the invasion of the Eastern Turks.

In 617 A.D. (the first year of Yining), Li Shimin instigated his father Li Yuan to raise troops against the Sui and raised troops for Jinyang. Li Yuan named Li Shimin as the prince of Dunhuang County and the governor of the right leading army, commanded the right three armies, raised troops to attack Chang'an, and destroyed the Sui. Li Shimin's official worship of Doctor Guanglu and the domestic history of the Tang Dynasty, the migration of the Duke of Qin, and the food of 10,000 households. In 617 A.D. (the first year of Yining) in the twelfth lunar month, Li Shimin was the right marshal, migrated to Zhao Guogong, led 100,000 troops to attack Luoyang, the eastern capital of the Sui Dynasty, and did not return the army, set up three ambushes in the tomb of the three kings, and defeated the Sui general Duan Da. In 618 A.D. (the first year of Wude) in the fifth lunar month, Li Yuan deposed Yang Yu, called the emperor, changed the name of the country to Tang, and named Li Shimin as Shang Shuling, the general of Youyiwei, and entered the king of Qin.

After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, the territory was limited to the area of Guanzhong and Hedong, and did not yet completely rule the whole country. Since 618 A.D. (the first year of Wude), Li Shimin personally participated in four major battles. First, the Battle of Shallow Water Plains pacified Xue Rengao (Xue Ju's son) in Longxi and eliminated the threat from the West in the Tang Dynasty. Second, defeat Song Jingang and Liu Wuzhou, recover the lost territories of Merge and Fen, and consolidate the northern part of the Tang Dynasty. Third, in the Battle of Tiger Prison, he annihilated the two major separatist forces in the Central Plains in one fell swoop: Wang Shichong of Henan and Dou Jiande of Hebei Group, so that the Tang Dynasty gained the right to rule North China. Fourth, it severely damaged Dou Jiande's remaining Liu Heimin and Shandong's Xu Yuanlang. Since then, Li Shimin's prestige has grown, especially when the class returned to Beijing after the Battle of Tiger Prison, he was ceremoniously welcomed by the soldiers and civilians of Chang'an. In 621 A.D. (the fourth year of Wude) in the tenth lunar month, he was named the general of Tiance, led Situ and Shaanxi Dongdao Daxing Taishang Shuling, and was placed on the prince, and the number of food towns increased to 30,000. Li Yuan also issued an edict to authorize the Tiance Mansion to purchase its own official property, so Li Shimin opened a literary museum, recruited scholars from all over the world to enter the museum for consultation consultants, and the literature museum was combined with the Qin Wangfu to form a small government agency.

Taiyuan raised troops was Li Shimin's strategy, Li Yuan had promised him to make him the crown prince after the matter was completed, but after Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty, Li Jiancheng was appointed as the crown prince. After the world was pacified, Li Shimin's fame became more and more famous, and Li Jiancheng immediately united with Li Yuanji to squeeze out Li Shimin. Li Yuan's indecisiveness also caused the government and Chinese decrees to conflict with each other, which accelerated the military confrontation between the princes. The eldest brother, the crown prince Li Jiancheng, knew that Li Shimin refused to yield to be a minister, and Li Shimin also thought that he had laid the foundation for the founding of the Tang Dynasty, so he and Li Jiancheng and the fourth brother Li Yuanji, the king of Qi, were increasingly suspicious, and the ministers of the two factions were fighting each other. Li Jiancheng once poisoned and murdered Li Shimin. Among them, Prime Minister Pei Lian, strategist Wang Qi, Wei Zheng, and Xue Wanche, the general of the East Palace Guard, followed Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji. Qin strategists Du Ruhui and Fang Xuanling, and generals Qin Shubao, Wei Chi Jingde, Duan Zhixuan, Hou Junji, Wang Junkuo and others followed Li Shimin. Prime Minister Chen Shuda, courtier Sun Wuji and others secretly supported Li Shimin. The rest of the generals Li Jing and Xu Shixian, and the ministers Yu Wenshi and others remained neutral. In 626 AD (the ninth year of Wude), the Turks invaded the Tang border, and Li Jiancheng suggested to Li Yuan that Li Yuanji should be the commander to go to the Turks. Wang Hui, who held the position of the official in charge of timekeeping in the prince's East Palace, had been bribed by Li Shimin, the king of Qin, and became Li Shimin's eyeliner in the East Palace, and he quietly told Li Shimin: "Li Jiancheng wants to use this to control the soldiers and horses of the King of Qin, and is ready to set up an ambush in Kunming Pool to kill the King of Qin." So Li Shimin decided to strike first. On July 2, 626 A.D. (the fourth Gengshen day of the sixth month of the ninth year of Wude), Li Shimin shot and killed the crown prince Li Jiancheng and the king of Qi Li Yuanji near the Xuanwu Gate of the imperial capital Chang'an City, which is known as the "Xuanwu Gate Change" in history. Afterwards, Li Shimin killed Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji's sons and removed them from the clan. Three days later (on July 5, 626 AD), Li Shimin was made the crown prince and issued an edict saying: "From now on, all military affairs, no matter how big or small, will appoint the crown prince to execute, and then report to the emperor." On September 4, 626 A.D. (the ninth day of the eighth month of the ninth year of Wude), Li Yuan abdicated and became the emperor, and Zen was located in Li Shimin. Li Shimin ascended the throne as emperor and changed his view to Zhenguan the following year.

Due to the war at the end of the Sui Dynasty and the population plummeted, in 628 A.D. (the second year of Zhenguan), the Tang Dynasty only had a population of 2.9 million households, after the efforts of Li Shimin's ministers for 23 years, social stability, economic recovery and stable development, to 652 A.D. (Tang Gaozong Yonghui three years), the population reached 3.8 million households, laying the foundation of the Tang Dynasty during the reign of Tang Gaozong, Wu Zetian and Tang Xuanzong, known as the rule of Zhenguan in history.

In April 643 (the seventeenth year of Zhenguan), the crown prince Li Chengqian was deposed for the crime of rebellion, and Tang Taizong established his ninth son, Li Zhi, the king of Jin, as the crown prince, and strictly disciplined the prince. In his later years, Li Shimin wrote the book "Emperor Fan" to teach the crown prince Li Zhi, summarize his governance experience, and at the same time evaluate his life achievements. In the first month of 648 A.D. (the twenty-second year of Zhenguan), Tang Taizong awarded the twelve articles of "Emperor Fan" written by him to the crown prince Li Zhi, and warned him: "You should take the ancient sage and sage king as your teacher, and you must not follow me like you." Because if you take the law from above, you can only get it, and if you take the law from the middle, you can only get it. Since I ascended the throne, I have made many mistakes: splendid pearls and jades are endless, palaces and pavilions are often flourishing, dogs, horses, eagles and falcons are far away, and they travel all over the world to provide fatigue. All of these are the greatest mistakes I have ever made, and you must not follow me as an example. ”

In 649 A.D. (the twenty-third year of Zhenguan), Tang Taizong fell ill (one said that taking Tianzhu elixir caused a violent illness), and the treatment was ultimately ineffective, and Li Zhi was ordered to act as an agent for state affairs in Jinyemen. On July 10, 649 A.D. (the twenty-sixth day of May in the twenty-third year of Zhenguan), Taizong died in the Cuiwei Palace Hanfeng Hall on the Zhongnan Mountain. Emperor Wen at the beginning, the temple name Taizong, was buried in Zhaoling. In 674 A.D. (the first year of Tang Gaozong's first year), he was crowned Emperor Wenwu Sheng, in 749 A.D. (in the eighth year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty), he was added to Emperor Wenwu Dasheng, and in 754 A.D. (in the thirteenth year of Tianbao), he was appointed Emperor Guangxiao. (To be continued......)