The Yellow Turban Rebellion was only the first uprising of Taoist believers.

The Sun En Rebellion was an uprising launched by Taoist believers

Sun En's uprising is the Sun En's and Lu Xun's uprising.

In the last years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the peasant anti-Jin struggle led by Sun En and Lu Xun. This uprising was the largest and longest peasant uprising during the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties. This time, the struggle lasted for 12 years, and the war was transferred to the vast area south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Although the uprising failed, it dealt a heavy blow to the Eastern Jin Dynasty clan.

At a time when class contradictions were acute and civil strife broke out among the ruling class, Sun Tai, a member of the Langyu clan, organized the masses to launch an uprising with five buckets of rice. In 398, Sun Tai was executed, and his nephew Sun En fled to the sea. In 399 (the third year of Ling'an), Sima Yuanxian ordered the conscription of the eight counties of Jiangdong to serve as military service, which caused a commotion. Sun En led more than 100 people to land, which soon grew to tens of thousands, and then captured Huiji, at which time the slaves and the vast number of bankrupt peasants from all over the country responded one after another; the landlords of the eight counties in Jiangdong who occupied the slaves also took the opportunity to "rise up all the time" because their interests were damaged. The eight counties of Jiangdong soon came into possession of the rebels. Seeing the great momentum of the rebel army, the Eastern Jin Dynasty government hurriedly sent Beifu soldiers to suppress it. In order to avoid losses, Sun En led a crowd of more than 200,000 people to retreat to the island. After that, Sun En landed three times, defeated the Jin army, and forced Jiankang. In 402, Sun En's last landing, attacking Linhai, unfortunately failed, and committed suicide by throwing himself into the water. The remnants were led by his brother-in-law, Lu Xun. Everywhere you go. In 404, Lu Xun led a rebel army to occupy Guangzhou by water. In the spring of 402 (the first year of Yuanxing), Huan Xuanxing, who occupied the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, rebelled. Invaded Jiankang, killed Sima Daozi, Yuan Xian's father and son, and Liu Gaozhi, the general of the Beifu army, and held the power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The following year, Huan Xuan was proclaimed emperor, and the country was called Chu. In the following year, Liu Yu fought to destroy Huan Xuan, and the power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty fell into the hands of Liu Yu. In 410, Liu Yu led his army north to attack Southern Yan, leaving the rear empty. Lu Xun took a flight from Guangzhou. Divided into two routes of the Northern Expedition. The rebel army approached Jiankang. When Liu Yu led his army south to suppress it, Lu Xun failed one after another, and finally went to the water and died. Sun En and Lu Xun rebelled and persisted in the struggle for 12 years. Moved to the vast area south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The uprising failed though. But it dealt a heavy blow to the Eastern Jin Dynasty gate lord clan.

The Eastern Jin Dynasty, established with the support of the scholars in the north and south, has always had a lenient attitude towards the scholars. The last years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Due to local separation, the government's actual control was limited to the so-called "Dongtu" Sanwu region. Here the north and south scholars have the highest concentration of pastoral villas, and the feudal exploitation is the most serious. The government also added most of the servitude to this area, and the burden on the peasants was particularly heavy. Some of them became slaves and tenants, and some fled to the mountains and seas to gather and rebel. This is the basic reason why the Sun En Rebellion broke out in the area and was able to hold out for several years. The fuse of the uprising was that in the third year of Long An (399), the imperial court conscripted those who were "exempted from slavery as guests" (referring to strong men who themselves or their fathers were slaves, but had been exempted from being tenants) as soldiers, and they were unwilling to enlist. The requisition of this part of the guests is also a loss to its owner, which causes the dissatisfaction of the family with the government. Therefore, for a while, "the east is in an uproar, and people are unbearable". Sun En (?~402), from the Sun clan of Langxie (present-day Linyi, Shandong), belonged to a low-ranking scholar clan. The Sun family is blessed with five buckets of rice, and Uncle Tai is the head of the sect. In the first year of Long'an, Wang Gong, the assassin of Yanzhou, raised troops against the Jin, and Sun Tai entangled the soldiers and prepared to start an incident, but he was killed. Sun En fled to the Zhoushan Islands and gathered fugitive peasants.

In October of the third year of Long'an, Sun En led more than 100 people to land from the sea, captured Shangyu, attacked Huiji County (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), and killed Wang Ningzhi of Neishi. The rebels were supported by the peasants and slaves, and were also echoed by some landlords who were dissatisfied with the imperial court. As a result, Huiji, Wujun, Wuxing, Yixing, Linhai, Yongjia, Dongyang, Xin'an and other eight counties (now most of Zhejiang and southeast Jiangsu) rose up all at once, killing the chief officials in response, and the history is called "in the middle of the ten days, hundreds of thousands". Sun En called himself the general of Zhengdong and called the rebels "immortals". The rebels ruthlessly attacked the northern and southern scholars, such as Wu Xing Taishou Xie Miao, Yongjia Taishou Sima Yi, Jiaxing Gong Gu Yin, Nankang Gong Xie Minghui, Huangmen Shilang Xie Chong, Zhang Kun, Zhongshulang Kong Dao, Prince Xima Kongfu, Wucheng Ling Xiahou Su, etc. were killed successively, and the tenants and slaves of their pastoral villas joined the rebels one after another. The imperial court sent the guard general Xie Yan (Xie Anzi) and the famous general Liu Gaozhi of Beifu to lead the Beifu soldiers to suppress it, and Sun En led 200,000 men and women to retreat to the island. In May of the fourth year, Sun Enzi made landfall again from Hukou (now northeast of Ningbo, Zhejiang), entered Yuyao, and broke Shangyu. In the first battle of Xingpu (now Shaoxingbei, Zhejiang), he defeated the officers and soldiers again, and beheaded Xie Yan and his two sons in the Shanyin Formation. Later, due to the increase of troops in the imperial court, the rebels retreated to the island again in November. In February of the fifth year, Sun En landed from Hukou for the third time, and in May, he conquered Huduli (now Shanghai) and killed Yuan Shansong, the domestic history of Wu. In June, the rebel army floated to the sea and advanced to Dantu (southeast of present-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) to threaten the Jingshi. Because of the good health, the rebel army was north of Yuzhou (now Lianyungang East, Jiangsu) and Guangling. Later, due to repeated defeats in battles with Liu Yu, he suffered great losses and was finally forced to retreat to the island. In March of the first year of Yuanxing (402), Sun En's last landing, unfortunately defeated, threw himself into the sea and died, and the rebels pushed his brother-in-law Lu Xun to lead and continue to fight.

Although Lu Xun (?~411) came from the Lu clan of Fanyang, he was not reused by the imperial court because he crossed the river late. In the second year of Yuanxing, Lu Xun and Liu Yu fought in the areas of Dongyang (now Jinhua, Zhejiang), Yongjia (now Wenzhou, Zhejiang) and Jin'an (now Fuzhou, Fujian). In October of the following year, Lu Xun Po Panyu (now Guangzhou, Guangdong), proclaimed himself General Pingnan, and accepted the official titles of General of the Imperial Court, the Assassin of Guangzhou, and the General of Pingyue Zhonglang. He also sent his brother-in-law Xu Daofu and his pro-party to occupy Shixing (present-day Shaoguannan, Guangdong) and other ministries. Although Lu Xun and Xu Daofu accepted the official title of the imperial court and sent envoys to pay tribute, they also sent people to the area of Da Yuling to cut wood and secretly prepare for the Northern Expedition. In February of the sixth year of Yixi (410), Lu and Xu took Liu Yu to the north to attack Southern Yan, and when the rear of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was empty, they went north by two routes. One route was led by Lu Xun to cross the five mountains, passing through Changsha and Baling (now Yueyang, Hunan) to Jiangling. One route was led by Xu Daofu to go straight to Luling (now Jishuibei, Jiangxi) and Yuzhang (now Nanchang, Jiangxi), defeated the officers and soldiers, and killed He Wuji, the assassin of Jiangzhou. In May, Lu and Xu immediately combined their troops to the east, and in May, they defeated the Jin general Liu Yi at Sangluozhou (now in the middle of the Yangtze River in the northeast of Jiujiang, Jiangxi), and the army arrived at Huaikou (the mouth of the Qinhuai River into the Yangtze River, northwest of present-day Nanjing), and approached Jiankang. At this time, there were more than 100,000 soldiers of the rebel army, thousands of boats, the building boat was as high as 12 zhang, the boats and vehicles were endless, the court was in a panic, Liu Yu rushed back in the night and hurriedly responded to the battle. Xu Daofu advocated an immediate landing and a decisive battle with Liu Yu, and the suspicion of many people and the lack of decision, delayed the fighter plane, so that Liu Yu could concentrate his forces and make careful arrangements. The rebels suffered a slight setback, and Lu Xun ordered a retreat. In October, the rebel army attacked Gangneung in the west, which was unfavorable. In December, the rebels and officers and soldiers fought to the death in Dalei (now Wangjiang, Anhui) and Zuoli (now Poyang Hukou), suffered heavy losses, and retreated south to Panyu. But at this time, Panyu had been occupied by officers and soldiers first. In March of the following year, Lu Xun attacked Panyu and transferred to Jiaozhou, and in April, he committed suicide in defeat. In February of the same year, Xu Daofu also died in Siheung.

The mainstream of the anti-Jin struggle led by Sun En and Lu Xun was in the nature of a peasant uprising. Although this struggle has religious overtones, the two sides of the struggle are not divided according to religion, as evidenced by the killing of Wang Ningzhi and others, who believed in the Five Buckets of Rice Dao. Sun and Lu were members of the clan who had lost power from the north, and many landlords did participate in the early days of the uprising, but the basic members of the rebel army were undoubtedly poor peasants and slaves in the Sanwu area of Huiji. The uprising swept through most of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty had already existed in name only. The uprising also dealt a heavy blow to the northern and southern scholars, especially after Xie Yan was killed, the Beifu soldiers were in the hands of the Han people, and the scholars lost their military power. Therefore, this uprising is an important sign of the decline of the gate valve and the rise of the Han people. This uprising forced Liu Yu to take some measures to reduce the burden on the people and curb the powerful clans, thus creating favorable conditions for the economic prosperity of Jiangnan in the early Liu and Song dynasties. (To be continued......)