provoked Dong Zhongshu, and it was inevitable to talk about "deposing the hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone".

"Depose the hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone" was proposed by Dong Zhongshu in the first year of Yuanguang (134 BC), and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began to figure it. This idea is no longer the original appearance of Confucianism in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Rather, it is a mixture of some ideas of Taoism, Legalism, and Yin and Yang Five Elements, which is a new thought that keeps pace with the times. It maintained the feudal ruling order and deified the autocratic royal power, so it was respected by the ancient Chinese feudal rulers and became the orthodox and mainstream ideology of traditional Chinese culture for more than 2,000 years.

The so-called "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion to 'depose the hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism'" began with Yi Baisha (1886-1921), a famous thinker in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, who published an article entitled "Confucius Peaceful Discussion" in the magazine "New Youth" in 1916, while his contemporary, Liang Qichao (1873-1929), the "master of Chinese studies", never recognized and used this statement.

The deposition of the Hundred Schools and the Six Classics of the Table and Seal were the ruling policies that Dong Zhongshu suggested to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Yi Baisha interpreted it as the deposition of the hundred schools and the exclusive respect for Confucianism. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, it advocated the rule of inaction in politics, and the implementation of light taxation in the economy. Ideologically, Huang Lao's theory, which advocates the study of pure and quiet inaction and the study of criminal names, has been taken seriously. When Emperor Wu ascended the throne, it became an urgent need for feudal rulers to further strengthen the absolutist centralized system politically and economically. Huang Lao's thought, which advocated quiet and inaction, could no longer satisfy the above-mentioned political needs, and even more contradicted the great achievements of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, while the Confucian idea of the great unification of the Spring and Autumn Period, the idea of benevolence and righteousness, and the ethical concept of monarchs and ministers were obviously adapted to the situation and tasks faced by Emperor Wu at that time. Thereupon. In the realm of ideas, Confucianism finally replaced the dominance of Taoism. After Emperor Wu succeeded to the throne in the first year of Jianyuan (140 BC), Prime Minister Wei Juan said: "The virtuous and virtuous examples, or the words of Shen, Shang, Han Fei, Su Qin, and Zhang Yi, disrupt the national government, please stop." "With the consent of Emperor Wu. Taiwei Dou Ying and Prime Minister Tian Wei also recommended Confucianism Wang Zang as Lang Zhongling, and Zhao Juan as the imperial historian, praising Confucianism, denigrating Taoism, and encouraging Emperor Wu to implement political reform. It was even recommended not to report to the Empress Dowager Dou. Empress Dowager Dou was dissatisfied with this. In the second year of Jianyuan, Wang Zang and Zhao Juan were dismissed, and Taiwei and Prime Minister were also dismissed. In the sixth year of the founding of the Yuan Dynasty, the Empress Dowager Dou died, and the power of Confucianism rose again. In the first year of Yuanguang (134 BC), Emperor Wu summoned virtuous and righteous literary scholars from all over the world to Chang'an. Ask for it yourself. Dong Zhongshu pointed out in the countermeasures. The unification of the Spring and Autumn Period is "the common scripture of heaven and earth." The friendship between ancient and modern", now teachers are different, and people are different. The purpose of the words of the hundred schools of thought is different, so that the ruling ideology is inconsistent, the legal system is changing, and the hundred schools of thought are at a loss. He advised: "Those who are not in the six arts of Confucius's sorcerers should not be able to do so, and do not make progress." Dong Zhongshu's policy of ideological rule that adapts to political unification was very appreciated by Emperor Wu. Confucianism completely became the ruling ideology of the feudal dynasty, while Taoism and other Zhuzi doctrines were politically degraded.

"Depose the hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone" is the feudal ideological ruling policy implemented by Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, and it is also a symbol of Confucianism's dominance in Chinese culture. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Han Gaozu did not like Confucianism, so that the academic source of Confucianism was almost cut off. Although the doctoral system still exists, the number of doctors is small, and it is only an official to be asked, so it is difficult to play much role in imparting culture. Emperor Hui abolished the "Law of Calligraphy" and revived the doctrine of Zhuzi, among which Confucianism and Taoism had a greater influence. At the low ebb of the development of academic thought, the Taoist Huang Lao Wuwei thought was advocated by the rulers of the early Han Dynasty and occupied a dominant position, and all kinds of thinkers regardless of school of thought were also happy to speak Huang Lao's words. During the Wen and Jing periods, there was a trend of transmutation from non-action to promising, from Taoism to Confucianism. The old Qin Bo Shifu gave birth to the twenty-eighth road of his wall collection "Shangshu", and Emperor Wen sent Huang to receive employment from it. At this time. The number of doctors has reached more than 70 people, and there are many Confucians. Confucianism's "Books", "Poems", "Spring and Autumn", "Analects", "Filial Piety", "Mencius", and "Erya" all have doctors, of which "Poems" have three doctors: Qi, Lu, and Han, and "Spring and Autumn" Botu has Hu Wusheng and Dong Zhongshu. This provided the conditions for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to respect Confucianism alone. When Emperor Wu ascended the throne, after the rule of Wenjing, the social economy has been greatly developed. At the same time, with the strength of the landlord class and its family power, it has become an urgent need of the feudal rulers to further strengthen the absolutist centralized system politically and economically. Under these circumstances, the Confucian ideas of the Spring and Autumn Period, the ideas of benevolence and righteousness, and the ethical concepts of monarchs and ministers were precisely adapted to the situation and tasks faced by the Han Dynasty at that time. Thus, in the realm of ideas, Confucianism finally replaced the dominance of Taoism.

In the first year of the founding of the Yuan Dynasty (140 BC), Dong Zhongshu made a suggestion in the measures to promote virtue and virtue: all theories that are not in the science of the six arts and the art of Confucius should be excluded from the doctor's official science. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very appreciative of Dong Zhongshu's idea of great unification. Emperor Wu also adopted the proposal of Prime Minister Wei Juan and deposed the virtuous words of Shen Buxian, Shang Ying, Han Fei, Su Qin, and Zhang Yi. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty met with strong opposition from Hao Huang's grandmother, Empress Dowager Dou, and the following year she commuted the imperial historians Zhao Juan and Lang Zhongling, who advocated Confucianism, to prison the emperor. The power of Confucianism was hit, but Emperor Wu placed a doctor of the Five Classics in the fifth year of the founding of the Yuan Dynasty (136 BC), making the Confucian classics more complete in the government. In the sixth year of the founding of the Yuan Dynasty (135 BC), the Empress Dowager Dou died, and the Confucian power rose again. In the first year of Yuanguang (134 BC), he deposed all the doctors Taichang who did not govern the Confucian Five Classics, excluded Huang Lao's alias Baijia Yan from official learning, promoted Confucian Gongsun Hong, who was born in cloth, to be the minister of Cheng, Youli recruited hundreds of Confucian students, and also approved the appointment of 50 disciples for the doctor's official position, and made up for Lang's Chinese studies according to his grades, and selected officials to hold important positions. This is the famous "overthrow a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism" in history. After the exclusive respect for Confucianism, the officials were mainly from Confucianism, and Confucianism gradually developed into the orthodoxy that ruled the people for the next 2,000 years. Although this was not conducive to the development of academic culture, it was conducive to the strengthening of the autocracy and the unification of the country at the time.

Han Fei, one of the representatives of Legalism, believed in his treatise that the existing social situation is chaotic and the separatist situation is strong, and it is necessary for the king to unify all the forces in the country to maintain the rule, which requires a centralized government to assist the king in ruling the country and expanding the territory. At the same time, the natural economy of agriculture in the society at that time needed a relatively stable environment for development, and at the same time, as the landlords, who were the owners of the main means of production in the society, they also needed a strong government to suppress the peasants' rebellion and maintain their ownership of the land.

In 140 B.C., Prime Minister Wei Juan told Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that the officials recommended now were all fond of Legalist thought, but it was not conducive to unifying thought, and their remarks often threatened to disturb public opinion. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty then asked local officials to recommend people who knew Confucianism, and he personally presided over the examination. When Dong Zhongshu answered the question of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he answered very well. Since then, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began to attach importance to Confucianism, allowing them to participate in the management of the country, and some even became prime ministers.

"Depose the hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone" was put forward by Dong Zhongshu, which means to abolish other ideas and only respect the doctrine of Confucianism. In the future, all officials must understand Confucian doctrines and use Confucian ideas to explain the law. After the exclusive respect for Confucianism, the feudal orthodoxy of ancient China began to be established, but the real comprehensive establishment was in the Sui and Tang dynasties. (To be continued......)