Why did the dynasties emphasize agriculture and suppress commerce?

There are many reasons for this.

Such as economic factors, social stability factors, class concepts, value influences, etc.

In addition to these, there is another important reason: taxes.

The peasants live off the land, and whatever the harvest is, the land is there.

If the land does not move, neither can the peasants.

The imperial court could send someone to collect taxes at any time.

Doing business is different.

Merchants traveled all over the country, and their whereabouts were erratic.

In addition, the company at that time

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