"Zhuzi Yu Shanshui" practice

(1) Read the Analects and recognize idioms

1 Zi said: "Three hundred poems, in a word, say: thinking is innocent." ”

2 Zi said: "I have five out of ten and am determined to learn, thirty and stand, forty and not confused, fifty and know the destiny of heaven, sixty and obedient, seventy and do what I want, do not exceed the rules." ”

3 Zi said: "Reviewing the old and learning the new can be a teacher." ”

4 Confucius said, "If you make a mistake, the people will obey, and if you make a mistake, the people will obey." ”

5 The son said: "If it is not his ghost, he will sacrifice it, and he will be flattered." If you don't do righteousness, you don't have courage. ”

6 Confucius said that Ji's, "Eight dances in the court, is it tolerable, which is unbearable?"

7 sub-called "Shao", "as perfect as possible, and as good as possible." It is said that "Wu", "as good as possible, not as good as possible." ”

8 Zi said: "See the virtuous and think together, and see the unvirtuous and introspect yourself." ”

9 Zigong asked: "Why does Confucius call it 'Wen'?" Zi said: "Sensitive and studious, not ashamed to ask, it is also called 'Wen'." ”

10 Ji Wenzi thinks twice before acting. When Zi heard it, he said: "Again, Si Keyi." ”

11 Zizi said: "Ning Wuzi, if there is a way in the state, then you know, and if the state has no way, you are foolish." It is within its reach, and its ignorance is unattainable. ”

12 The son said, "Knowing it silently, learning without getting tired, and teaching people tirelessly, what is there for me?"

13 Zi said: "Don't be angry, don't be angry, don't be angry." If you don't take one corner and don't take three corners, you won't do it again. ”

14 Yan Yuan sighed and said: "Look up to the high, drill the strong, look ahead, and suddenly behind! The master is good and seductive: I am a writer, I am courteous, and I can't stop." I have done my best, and I have stood out. Even if you want to follow it, you have no reason for it!"

15 Zi said: "The future is terrible, how can you know that the one who will come is not now? forty or fifty and unheard, and there is no fear of it." ”

16 Zigong asked: "Who is the best teacher or business?" Zigong said: "The teacher is also good, and the business is not as good." He said: "Then the teacher will heal?" Zi said: "It's too late." ”

17 Zi said: "The beauty of a gentleman as an adult, but the evil of not an adult." The villain is the opposite.

18 Zeng Zi said: "A gentleman will meet friends with literature, and he will help others with friends." ”

19 Ye Gong asked about politics. Zi said: "Those who are near say, and those who are far away come." ”

20 Zi Xia is the father of Ju and asks about politics. Zi said: "There is no desire for speed, and there is no small profit." If you want to hurry, you can't reach it, and if you see small profits, you can't achieve big things. ”

21 Zi said: "Men with lofty ideals are benevolent, there is no survival to harm benevolence, there is killing to become benevolent." ”

22 The son said, "A man who has no foresight will have near-term worries." ”

23 Zi said: "Be benevolent, don't let the teacher." ”

24 The martial city of the son, listen to the sound of string songs. The master smiled and said, "Use a knife to cut chickens?" Ziyou said: "The former Yan also heard the masters say: 'A gentleman who learns the Tao loves others, and a villain who learns the Tao is easy to make.'" Zi said: "Second and third sons! The ear of the preface!"

25 Zi said: "Listen to it and say it, and Lourdes will abandon it!"

26 Chu madness took the song and passed by Confucius, saying: "Feng Xi! Feng Xi! The decline of what virtue? It's gone, it's gone! Today's politicians are gone!" His Majesty Confucius wants to talk to him. Tend to dispel it, and do not speak with it.

27 Zi Xia said: "Erudite and ambitious, inquiring and thoughtful, benevolence is in it." ”

(1) Zi said: "For the sake of government and virtue, for example, the North Star (North Star) lives in its place and all the stars are together. ”

(2) Zi said: "The year is cold, and then the pine and cypress are withered." ”

(3) Zi said: "Rice and water are sparse, and the humerus is bent and pillowed, and the music is also in it." Unrighteous wealth and nobility are like floating clouds to me. ”

(4) Ji Kangzi asked Confucius about politics and said: "If there is no way to kill, there is a way, how can it be?" Confucius said: "The son is the government, and the son wants to be good and the people are good." The virtue of a gentleman, the wind, the virtue of a villain, grass. The wind on the grass will die. ”

(5) Zigong said: "The fault of a gentleman is also like the eclipse of the sun and the moon (the same as "eclipse"): everyone sees it, and even more, everyone looks up to it. ”

1. In terms of content, the above five paragraphs can be divided into two categories: (2 points)

It is about statecraft (insert the serial number before the paragraph_________);

2. Translate in modern Chinese "for politics and morality, such as Beichen dwelling in its place and all the stars are together". (three minutes)

3. The text in paragraph (5) is to the effect of __________________________________________. (three minutes)

4. One of the meanings that is different from the meaning of "the year is cold, and then the pine and cypress wither" is (2 points)

A. Gou Quan's life is in troubled times, and he does not seek to reach the princes B. He cannot take it away when he is on the big festival

C. Don't be afraid of broken bones, you must leave your innocence in the world D. The poor and lowly cannot be moved, and the mighty cannot be bent

P.S. Refer to the answer

1. (2 points) (1) (4), moral cultivation

2. (3 points) Governing the country with morality, the ruler is in a certain position like the North Star, and many stars surround it.

3. (3 points) A gentleman should admit his mistakes and make corrections publicly.

4. (2 points) A

"Analects of Thoughts" Yu Dan

Translation of the Analects (People's Literature Publishing House)

Selected Readings of Mencius (People's Literature Publishing House)

Bibliography for lesson preparation

Li Zehou, "Reading the Analects Today"

Yang Bojun's Translation of the Analects

Chen Guying's "Lao Tzu's Notes and Translations"

Wang Xianshen "Han Fei Subset Explanation"