Chapter 59: The Great Enemy of the Republic of China
For ordinary people, after the Lunar New Year, it can be regarded as entering the new year.
In 1928, the year of history was a more glorious year for the Qingbai Party, the Northern Expedition achieved a major victory, Zhang Xueliang announced the change of flag, and the three northeastern provinces and Rehe were returned to the Nanjing government. Chiang Kai-shek became the chairman of the Republic of China. China seems to have finally bid farewell to the era of warlord warfare and is expected to embark on the road to modernization.
However, the 1928 series of events between China and Japan, including Japan's dispatch of troops to Shandong to create the "Jinan Incident", the assassination of Zhang Zuolin to obstruct the Nationalist government's unification of Northeast China, and the refusal to negotiate China's tariff autonomy showed that Japan had replaced other powers as China's number one enemy.
Earlier, at the Washington meeting, China and Japan had reached a preliminary agreement on resolving the Shandong issue. Under the terms, the Chinese government paid Japan $2 million in cash and 6% of the Treasury bonds, due in November 1937, to compensate Japan for the construction work completed in Qingdao. The Jiaoji Railway, on the other hand, was redeemed by China with 40 million yen worth of government bonds, also with an interest rate of 6%, also for 15 years, and was guaranteed by the railway's revenues.
In April 1927, Japan's Reijiro Wakatsuki stepped down and Yoshiichi Tanaka became prime minister, and his China policy became tougher.
The contradictions between the Qingbai Party and Japan began to emerge in 1927. In the autumn of 1927, Chiang Kai-shek's army was stationed in southern Lunan, and the Shandong warlord Zhang Zongchang was about to flee, but the Japanese army suddenly moved into Qingdao and Jinan.
In order to avoid the outbreak of conflict, Chiang Kai-shek personally went to Japan to meet with Prime Minister Yoshiichi Tanaka. Tanaka Yoshiichi told Chiang Kai-shek that Japan's position in Manchuria could not be threatened militarily with the goal of unifying China. Chiang Kai-shek, for his part, insisted that all Chinese territory, including Manchuria, must be placed under the rule of the government.
Tanaka Yoshiichi believes that the Qingbai Party already has enough power and enough problems to deal with in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley, and you can be a local warlord and unify the south, so don't come to the north to join in the fun!
Chiang Kai-shek, who sought the reunification of China, naturally did not agree with the other side's statement.
On April 30, 1928, when the Beiyang warlord forces were retreating, they blew up the Luokou Yellow River railway bridge in Jinan, and the railway service was forced to stop. Thousands of marching Nanking government troops poured into Jinan.
Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Jinan on 2 May to meet with the Japanese Consul General in Jinan, Nishida Koichi, and the two sides reached an agreement to maintain law and order.
A few hours later, Hikosuke Fukuda led a part of the Japanese army from Qingdao to Jinan.
On the morning of 3 May, Hikosuke Fukuda ordered the Japanese to begin firing on the Qingbai Communists, under the pretext of looting by the Chinese army. The battle continued until 5 May, when the Japanese took control of the merchant port area and the Blue and White forces retreated to the old city.
After the Japanese army entered Jinan, they slaughtered more than 10,000 people, and tortured Cai Gongshi, a diplomat of the Qingbai Party, to death, which is known as the "Jinan Massacre" in history.
On 7 May, after a new group of 2,000 Japanese troops arrived in Jinan, Hikosuke Fukuda issued an ultimatum to the Blue and White forces demanding their surrender. Hikosuke Fukuda launched another attack on Jinan without the authorization of the Japanese military department or cabinet, setting a precedent for military commanders to carry out military operations in China without the authorization of the Japanese authorities, thus sowing the seeds of danger in the "September 18 Incident" in Tohoku three years later.
Beginning on the morning of May 8, the Japanese bombarded the old city of Jinan. With the combination of aircraft, artillery, armored vehicles, and superior forces, Japan achieved absolute military superiority in Jinan.
On 10 May, the commanders of the Qingbai Army, Li Yannian and Su Zongzhe, led their troops out of Jinan, but they were ambushed by the Japanese along the retreat route.
Finally, on May 11, under the arrangement of the Jinan General Chamber of Commerce and the Jinan Commercial Port Chamber of Commerce, the two sides ceased fire.
During the ceasefire, Japan took control of the Jiaoji Railway and continued to occupy Jinan.
Subsequently, China and Japan fought on the economic front, and Japan replaced Britain as China's leading trading nation.
In addition, Japan has also learned from European and American countries, using the Gengzi indemnity to set up a student exchange program, but stipulating that Chinese who use the funds to study in Japan must "swear allegiance" to the Japanese emperor! This is a naked humiliation of China.
1928 was destined to be a fateful year for Sino-Japanese relations.
In February 1928, under the pseudonym "Chun Shenjun", Qin Di published an article "The Bell of War Has Ringed" on the declaration to warn the world, but unfortunately this article did not cause much repercussions. Because the common people are more concerned about firewood, rice, oil and salt, this kind of militaristic affairs should be considered by government officials, and the government has not yet completed reunification, and the Qingbai Party and the Big Red Party are powerless.
In this case, Qin Di stepped up the production of penicillin and sulfonamides, and tightened export sales, putting a large number of drugs in the country, and some of them were reserved.
At the same time, three branches in Chongqing, Xi'an and Kunming were officially put into operation, mainly producing sulfonamides and aspirin.
In addition, he set up factories in Modu and Xi'an, specializing in the production of bandages, gauze, sutures and medical equipment.
The production of bandages and gauze is not difficult, the Qin family has experience in running a yarn factory, as long as the cloth is woven according to specific requirements, and then a few disinfection processes are added.
Some of the medical devices are imported, and some can be prepared by themselves.
Some medical devices are very demanding, even if it is a hemostat or a blood pressure monitor, which seems to be very simple, but it is not so easy to make. A good pair of surgical scissors can cost hundreds of dollars.
Therefore, Qin Di had to take precautions, expand the share capital of the "Cathay Pacific Pharmaceutical Import and Export Company", and place an order in advance to buy a large amount of medical equipment from the United States, part of which was sold to major hospitals, and part of which was shipped to the western inland areas for temporary reserves.
He even invested 8 million oceans to change the "Ci'an Hall" into the "Ci'an Surgical Hospital", and then opened branches in Changsha, Wuhan, Jinan, Xuzhou, Nanjing, Xi'an, Chongqing and other cities, and each branch hired surgeons as much as possible, ranging from six or seven to more than a dozen, plus nurses and auxiliary staff, about sixty or seventy people. Although the scale is small, it is equivalent to a tinder. It will gradually expand in the future.
Each branch has its own dean, and there is a general manager at the top.
The general manager's name is "Huang Zhihan", about 50 years old, graduated from St. John's University, is an alumnus of Zhu Wan, the vice president of Yan Chai Hospital, and was poached by Qin Di.
If there is a big problem, Huang Zhihan will report it to Zhu Wan and Qin Di.
As an independently operated institution, once the investment is in place, the building is built, the beds are set up, the medical equipment is purchased, and the doctor is hired, it can run on its own, without more investment, and it is easy to maintain a balance of income by treating diseases and saving people.
This is a private hospital founded by the Qin family, which has nothing to do with the government and does not belong to any major forces.
Both the Big Red Party and the Blue and White Party have their own military doctors, but there are some complicated surgeries that cannot be done in a hurry, and they need to be withdrawn to the rear to do it. There are also stragglers who also need surgery. Qin Di opened all the branches in the big city, and he was not afraid of stragglers coming in and robbing.
In view of the lack of doctors who can perform surgery, Qin Di also discussed with her mother Zhu Wan that she wanted to take precautions and establish a medical school to teach surgery.
After some preparations, on May 15, 1928, the "Ci'an Medical College" was established in the magic capital, with Zhu Wan as the principal, Qin Ling as the teaching director, and a group of medical scientists and surgical experts were hired to serve as specific teaching work. The students were recruited from all over the country, and the first batch of 100 students was recruited.
Courses include physiology, pathology, pharmacology, internal medicine, surgery, debridement, incision, suture, first aid, general surgery, osseous surgery, thoracic surgery, etc. The duration of the study is two and a half years, with a focus on surgery, and many minor courses have been cut, but in order to graduate, you must also complete an eight-month internship.