On October 10, 1942, when Qin Di was in retreat, Britain and the United States announced that they would renounce their extraterritoriality in China.

What does that mean? That is, to give up the concessions and return all the concessions to China.

Beginning with the Opium War in 1840, which opened China's door, each war of aggression by the great powers resulted in one or more bloody treaties, and China entered the era of unequal treaties in history. By 1918, even Switzerland, a small European country, had entered into an unequal treaty with China.

American politician Zbigniew Brzezinski once pointed out: "A series of treaties, agreements, and extraterritoriality clauses imposed on China in the 19th century have made it clear to people that not only China has a low status as a country, but also the Chinese as a nation." ”

The existence of the concession is an insult to the Chinese people!

So why did Britain and the United States agree to abolish the concessions?

It is impossible not to mention here the puppet regime of David Wang's Nanjing. Although David Wang betrayed the country, under the bewitchment of the Japanese, he also did something beneficial to the country in the slightest crack.

Beginning in 1938, Japan induced the Chongqing Nationalist Government to surrender to the Chongqing Nationalist Government by so-called renunciation of consular jurisdiction and return of the concession, and the main targets were the leaders Mr. Qing and Wang Dawei. When luring the David Wang clique to surrender, Japan vainly claimed that it would "assist China in gradually liberating itself from the semi-colonial status of East Asia and abolishing all unequal treaties." It also ridiculed China for not having an equal status and being used by Western countries "not as an ally, but as a tool."

After the establishment of Wang's puppet regime, the "Sino-Japanese Treaty on Basic Relations" was signed, and the Japanese Government stated that it would "abolish" its extraterritorial jurisdiction in the Republic of China and "return" the concession under its exclusive jurisdiction along with the new development of Sino-Japanese relations.

In 1942, the Wang puppet regime declared war on the United States and Britain, and soon after, it "took over" the Japanese concessions of Hangzhou, Suzhou, Hankow, and Tianjin, and on May 28, it "recovered" the public concession of Gulangyu in Xiamen, and on June 5, it "recovered" the three French concessions of Tianjin, Hankow, and Guangzhou. So far, except for the Japanese concession in Chongqing, which was recovered by the Nationalist government, the remaining 11 concessions under the exclusive administration and 2 public concessions have all been "recovered" by the Wang puppet government.

Since Wang's puppet jurisdiction was actually a Japanese occupation zone, the foreign concessions "recovered" by Wang's puppet government were in essence changed from a "country within a state" to an occupied area. Obviously, Japan's "return" of the concession and the "abolition of consular jurisdiction" are nothing more than an attempt to "win the hearts of the Chinese people" and "attempt to break up the unity of its allies."

Wang's puppet regime's abrogation of the treaty was generally regarded as a "farce," but the United States, Britain, and other Chinese allies at the time could not even do this.

After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the unequal treaties imposed on China by the United States, Britain, France and other countries still existed, and various countries still had concessions in China and enjoyed privileges such as consular jurisdiction.

Around 1939, the United States had to consider the reality that a large part of China's territory had fallen to the Japanese army, and a large number of American expatriates had been evacuated and returned to China during the turmoil.

Although China is one of the allies, it is not treated equally. The United States only hopes that China will follow unconditionally, and Britain has both contempt and jealousy for China.

In the summer of 1942, the situation in the Pacific theater changed in favor of the allies. As a member of the Allied Powers, China should have abrogated the unequal treaties as a matter of course, but Britain and the United States just dragged their feet. On April 23, 1942, Mr. Qing asked his wife to publish an article entitled "This is My View" in the New York Times: "Even the Japanese government has put forward the idea of building Greater East Asia, claiming to be the liberator of all ethnic groups in East Asia, and advocating the abolition of colonial rule in East Asia.

At the repeated demands of the Nationalist Government, the US and British governments had no choice but to announce their abandonment of their intransigent stance. On October 9, 1942, the U.S. government issued a statement: "The U.S. government intends to negotiate with the Chinese Government immediately and conclude a treaty providing for the immediate renunciation of extraterritoriality by the U.S. government in China and the settlement of international problems thereafter." ”

However, as soon as the negotiations began, Mr. Qing realized that the problem was not so simple. In addition to the fact that China must not cancel or pursue the rights of the Americans to existing real estate in Chinese territory for any reason after the United States demands that the concession be abolished, it is mainly the British issue concerning the status of Hong Kong.

British Ambassador Xue Mu knew that the abrogation of the treaty was nothing more than a "passing scene", but he did not expect that the Nationalist Government would be more serious and want to take back Hong Kong. So Xue Mu consulted Churchill, the British Prime Minister at the time.

In his speech at the London Guildhall on 10 November 1942, Churchill arrogantly declared that "whoever belongs to the British Empire must be kept by himself...... The abolition of British privileges in China does not include the return of Hong Kong to China. ”

As a result, Mr. Ching chose to retreat and gave up negotiations on Hong Kong.

Subsequently, the government of the Republic of China nominally recovered the concession, but in fact it fell into the hands of the Japanese invaders, not only could the privileges not be recovered, but the compatriots in the occupied areas groaned under the dual oppression of the enemy and hypocrisy......

Yan'an made it clear: "Without the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, China's independence cannot be achieved, and the abolition of unequal treaties is still a dead letter." ”

The facts quickly slapped the green and white party in the face.

Soon after, a new unequal ordinance was signed between China and the United States, the Exchange of Notes on the Handling of Criminal Cases of U.S. Military Personnel in China, which allowed U.S. troops in China (60,000 by 1945) to be exempt from Chinese criminal law. U.S. military bases, supply and transportation departments, radio communications networks, aviation systems, and army post offices work on Chinese soil on a scale and arbitrariness that has never been seen in southwest China even in the era of unequal treaties. At the end of the war, the roads of Mordo were crowded with American GIs and drunken sailors for months.

Later, at the Yalta Conference in February 1945, Roosevelt used part of China's territorial sovereignty to make a deal with the Soviet Union and secretly signed the "Yalta Agreement," which caused long-term and serious damage to the interests of the Chinese nation.

In desperation, Mr. Qing sent Song Ziwen and others to Moscow on June 30, 1945, to negotiate with the Soviet Union on the specific content of the Yalta Agreement concerning China.

The result of the negotiations was the signing of the "unequal" Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance on August 14, 1945, the day before Japan announced its surrender. This treaty seriously undermines China's sovereignty and territorial integrity. The biggest consequence was that it was forced to agree to the independence of Outer Mongolia.

This is the real history, and Qin Di is not allowed to change it.

But Qin Di sometimes comes up with strange thoughts: "Do you want to blind the negotiating officials, don't let them sign, or steal the text of the treaty? Let the other party have no basis? But what's the use of stealing the text back?"

"The key to the struggle between the great powers lies in strength, what is a treaty? It is waste paper, which can be torn and played, and it is not worth mentioning to the powerful countries......