Eighteen kinds of weapons - spears

The spear is the longest thing in the blade, so it is called the spear of the eight snakes, but the so-called eight zhang eight, calculated by the ruler of the week, the general ruler of the present is one zhang and four feet, and the origin of the spear is pushed by this, the origin of the spear, the Zhou Dynasty, or before the Zhou Dynasty, the history is also very long, but the tactics at that time were not refined, and the method of using various blades is also very simple. In the era of car warfare, the two formations were relatively far away, and the non-long soldiers could not reach them, so the spear was used as a tool for attack, and the arrow and crossbow of Zuo, the reason why the spear was long and eight were also because it was. By the time of the horse war, the spear was felt to be too long, and it was inevitable that there was a disease of ineffective turnover, so the number of people who used spears was not as many as those who used guns. Until modern times, firearms have prevailed, and the ancient blades have been eliminated, that is, many martial artists do not know how to use spears, not as good as knives and guns, and they have not yet been extinct. I hereby have a copy of the old book stall, entitled "Eight Methods of the Spear," and want to be a person with a heart in the ancients, and a picture to show future generations;

The spear belonged to the assassin and was the predecessor of the spear. In primitive society, human beings used animal horns, bamboo chips, and pointed stones to assassinate animals, and later added handles to become spears. Of the five soldiers of the Zhou Dynasty, spears accounted for two of them, which can be known as the main weapons.

In 1974, a large number of weapons were unearthed from the burial pit of the Qin figurines in the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang in Lintong, Shaanxi, including Qin bows, arrowheads, spears, Ge, Yue, Wu hooks, etc. It is the reappearance of the weapons and equipment of the Qin Dynasty army 2,200 years ago. The three types of weapons, the ge, the spear, and the halberd, are all equipped with a long wooden handle of about three meters, and the lower end is equipped with copper, and some spear handles are as long as 6.3 meters.

In the Han Dynasty, there were many shapes of spears, and Liu Xi of the Han Dynasty "Released the Name?Release the Soldiers": "The spear, the spear, the sword." The next head said: into the ground, the pine tree is three feet long, its discreet light, to pine also. 椟, speed 椟 also, the words of the front thorn also. ”

Han Liu Xi's "Interpretation of the Name?Release of the Soldiers": "The spear is eight feet long, and it is said to be pretty, and it is immediately held, and it is said that it is pretty, and it is also said to be a spear, and it can be used to intercept the spear of the enemy's formation." The spear of hatred, the head has three forks, and the spear that can be used to please the enemy is also; the spear, the spear, the long, the long, the six feet long, the one who does not say the usual, the one who says that it can destroy the enemy, and the one who holds it on the car; the spear, the one who is nine feet long, the Huo also, the Huo Ran in the middle is also broken. The spear, the spear, the special also, two feet long and without a blade, has crashed into the car, so that the special also. "Pretty Dog + Xiao Han Liu Xi "Interpretation of Names": "Hatred spear, hatred, and revenge, what is cut down is peaceful, such as begging for revenge." ”

Han Liu Xi's "Release of Names, Release of Soldiers": "(Small spear), Yan Ye, Da Ye, go here to the other." ”

"Wu Yue Chunqiu: Gou Jian Felling Wu Biography": "The king of Yue was under the armor of Tang Yi, with the sword of Buguang, the spear of the staff Qu Lu, and the dead soldiers were under the battle with 300 people. ("Dictionary": "Zhou has the spear of Qulu.") ”）

Eighteen weapons - shields

The shield is also an ancient weapon, and its invention is also later than the bow and arrow, and it is said that because there is a bow and arrow, there is a shield, and it is not indispensable. The use of bows and arrows can kill people a hundred or a few paces away, and its use is not the same as that of a spear and halberd, and can only take people on the opposite side, and in times of war, those who use it are more than one day a day, but if the two sides use bows and arrows to fight, it is tantamount to fighting with their lives, and there are wise men who come out, and the skin of people who knows people is not the way of war, and they must also have a thing to resist it, restrain it, so that the arrow loses its effect, and then can protect itself and take people; the strength of the armor is not enough to resist the arrows, and the advantage of the blade is not enough to block the arrows; so the law of the shield is still in place. I don't know when the shield system will always be, but in terms of its efficacy, there must be a bow and arrow. According to the times, when in the spring and autumn period, there was a shield, but it was designed to resist the enemy's bow and arrow, and later generations called it a shield, and its meaning was obvious, and it was enough to protect against the enemy, and it was enough to be proud of the blades; Ge Fei could not hurt the shield in the slightest, that is, all other blades, it was not difficult to be a shield; since the shield came out, and the weapons, salty and sharp, and competing with each other to get used to it; but at that time it was stopped to block the defense, extremely sluggish, this is not the bad of the shield, because there is no clever and agile method to use the ear; and then gradually evolved, and the application also gradually obtained the law, to the Han Dynasty and the shield law is prosperous, and there are many practitioners, not only enough to defend themselves, but also to attack people, its effect is great in the world, the Guangwu Department will be Ma Wu, there are dozens of Benme. Both are good at shields. In every battle, the first body is charged. Be invincible. Arrows rain. It can't hurt it at all, dozens of battles of all sizes, and accumulated miraculous feats, which shows that the shield is a merit, not only self-defense. The current strong armor and sharp soldiers are like destroying the withered ears. Later generations know that this thing is really a weapon of war, for the generals and in the army to select the elite, specializing in shields, and another team, for the use of war, there are also the whole army to learn this, the shield is important to the world, passed down from generation to generation, so that in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. There is still a shield army of Feng Zicai and Liu Yongfu. Number of battles with outsiders. It's all about winning. Although outsiders are fierce and firearms, they are fearless. Later, it was jealous of the great powers, and the Hague Peace Council banned the numbering exercises, and the shield army was extinct.

The shield is a familiar ancient defensive weapon. As early as the Shang Dynasty, there was a shield, and the Zhou shield was more perfect. "Zhou Li? Si Bing" has five kinds of shields in the Ming and Zhou dynasties. Soldiers hold shields in their hands, which can block enemy weapons, especially bows and arrows. As "Han Feizi" said: "Zhao Jian weighs the street, and the rhino shield is late, standing within the reach of the arrows." "It shows that the shield is strong, not afraid of bows, arrows, crossbows, and stones, and is not hurt at close range.

"Zhou Li, Xia Guan, Si Bing": "Si Bing, five soldiers, five shields. Zheng Xuan's note: "The genus of the dry oar, its name is not fully heard." Lin Yin pressed: In ancient times, there were big shields, step shields, sub-shields, etc.

"Zhou Li, Xia Guan, Si Ge Dun": "Si Ge Dun, the thing that holds the Ge Dun is awarded. Sacrifice, bestow on the traveler, the old Shige shield. The same is true for the dancers. ”

In ancient times, when science was not developed, the shield was an important defensive weapon, so there were many types. As follows:

Han Liuxi's "Release of Names, Release of Soldiers": "Shield, also, kneel behind, avoid the blade to hide also." The big and flat one is called Wu Kui, originally from Wu, and is also held by the handsome. The dragon is said to be Yunnan, the shield is originally from Shu, and Shu and Yunnan are also held. Or said Qiang shield, words from Qiang. The one who threatened Zou said that he was trapped, and he said that he could trap and capture the enemy. The narrow and elder is called the foot shield, which is held by the infantry, and the one who matches the sword. The narrow and short one is called the shield, and the one who holds the car is also. 孑, nickname also. The sewing version is called the wood, the rhino shield is made of rhino skin, and the wooden shield is called the wooden shield, all because of the name used. ”

Cao Pi's "Classics and Self-Description": "The husband should not claim to be his own strength, Yu Shaoxiao holds the revenge, and claims that he is not right; ("Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Emperor Wen", Pei Song's note)

In the Tang Dynasty, there was a kind of shield called Peng Pai (or side row), which refers to the shield made of leather wood lacquer, and its name has six kinds of knee rows, regimental cards, lacquer rows, wooden rows, joint wooden rows, and leather rows.

The shape of the shield in the Song Dynasty is different, the small shield is used for horse warfare and foot warfare, and the large shield can be used when attacking the city, and there are wooden shields and iron shields. Da Dun: "History of the Song Dynasty: The Biography of Zhao Zan": "Sejong moved his troops to Hao, and attacked the city with a large shield of ox leather. "Wooden Shield: "History of the Song Dynasty: Cao Utilization": "Outside the mountain, the thief Wuxian County, the thief holds a healthy standard, Mengcai shield, the armor is sharp, the blade can not enter, and the envoy is used to hold a giant axe and a long knife to break the shield. "The power of the shield: "History of the Song Dynasty: The Biography of Zong Yue": "The family is poor and there is no horse, often the sword and shield step out, the single fight, and the public can not be." ”

In the Ming Dynasty, guns and cannons were already quite powerful, but their use was limited, and the shield still played its role. Especially on the battlefield of anti-Japanese warfare, Qi Jiguang used light and swift rattan soldiers to defeat the Japanese invaders. Qi Jiguang's "New Book of Ji Xiao": The shield is still in place, the main guard is not the main stab, the beginning of the country is reformed, and it is not conducive to step, so it is changed to "take the rattan as a card, although the gun is not royal, and the arrow, stone, gun and knife can be covered". As for the method of practicing rattan cards, He Liangchen's "Formation Discipline" said: "Lai Liyi Potential, Diagonal Posture, Immortal Guiding Potential, Rolling Potential, Jumping Potential, Low Flat Potential, Golden Rooster Breaking Posture, Ambush Potential" Eight kinds, as for the posture, it is required that "the shield is like a wall, the flash card is like electricity, the shade is lively, and the ups and downs are appropriate." All of them are flexible steps, regressions, small jumps, etc.

When the Qing army entered the customs, there was a rattan army, the card was made of strong rattan, in the shape of an anti-lotus leaf, because it was strong and elastic, so it resisted swords, guns, axes and arrowhead projectiles, quite effective, and was mostly used for the infantry who charged into battle. Today, this ancient defensive weapon has become a tool in our martial arts forging chain, and the sparring items carried out with shields, such as shield knife against single knife, shield knife into stick, shield knife against Pu knife, etc., are not only popular with the public when performing in China, but also well received in foreign performances.

Eighteen weapons - axes

The axe, along with the spear, is also one of the ancient battles. The Yellow Emperor had the name of the axe, which was not only used as a weapon at that time, but also as a tool for punishment. The name of the sentence book is explained: the Yellow Emperor has five punishments, and the four are axes. According to the five punishments, namely, armor, knives and saws, drills and chisels, axes, whips, and yes. From this, the axe began in the time of the Yellow Emperor, and its reason is very clear; but there was no so-called 36 methods at that time, and it was just indiscriminate chopping and chopping when facing the enemy; until the Han Dynasty, the barbarians in the south created the axe method, and it was also like the creation of the marksmanship in the Wuyu clan and flowed into the Central Plains, but who was the founder can not be examined. At the beginning of the law, there were no more than 36 hands, and the later martial artists, so as to gain it, make changes unpredictable, and become a sharp weapon in the battle array, so there are 36 methods of the plate axe today.

Han Liuxi's "Interpretation of Names: Interpretation of Devices": "Axe, Fu also, Fu, Shi also." Whoever will make the utensils shall cut down the wood with an axe, and it shall be made. ”

The origin of the axe is very early, and primitive humans know that the stone is a splitter. The earliest bronze axe, seen in the Shang Dynasty, is not only used for martial affairs, but also some of the carving inlays, extremely exquisite, has been used for ceremonial guards. The Zhou Dynasty used the axe as well as the Shang Dynasty, and after the double-edged sword came out and was used together with the knife, the axe was less used, only as a chopping tool, or as a guard of honor for music and dance and a tool for slashing. Although the axe is not used as the main weapon, there are people who use the axe in all generations, especially the ethnic groups living in the northern region, who like to practice axe weapons.

Song Zeng Gongliang's "General Essentials of the Martial Arts" contains big axes and crested axes, all of which are relics of the Sui and Tang dynasties. The army of the Yuan Dynasty liked to use small axes, large axes and wide-body large axes. Qing Dynasty soldiers like to use double axes, the axe handle is only more than a foot, the axe blade is very small, both axes can be inserted into the waist, and the use on the battlefield is flexible.

There are few records of axe soldiers in the historical books of our country, and there are many descriptions in the classics. The fifty-second chapter of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms": "Dao Rong came out of the horse, and he made a big axe to open the mountain,...... ** axe actually ran to Kong Ming." The thirty-eighth chapter of "Water Margin" said that the black whirlwind Li Kui "made two board axes", and the seventy-second chapter said that Li Kui "held a double axe, roared, and jumped out of the store". From these reflections, we can see that the axe is a weapon widely used in the past dynasties, so it has also become one of the commonly used weapons of ordinary knights in folk martial arts.

The main uses of the axe are: splitting, chopping, chopping, wiping, smashing, hugging, intercepting, etc., dancing to appear rough, heroic, can show the majestic posture of splitting the mountain and opening the mountain.

Eighteen kinds of weapons - Yue

The book says: "The king's left staff is the axe, and the big axe is also injected." According to this, it can be seen that the axe is not very huge, but if the axe and the axe, if they are exactly the same, why not call it the big axe, but must be called the axe, which shows that they are similar and cannot be mixed. The head of the axe is one of the three larger than the axe, and the end of the rod is one more spearhead than the axe, about one foot six inches long, so the rod is six or seven inches longer than the axe; there is no drill at the end of the axe, so there is no point in the thirty-six methods; the rod is also like the barrel of the gun, and there is a three-pointed drill at the end, so that it can be used as a grid in a hurry; and the rest of the weaving is exactly the same as the axe, and the weight is as if it were the same. The axe and the hammer are like the spear and the spear, the arrow and the crossbow, the difference in form is only a fraction of the ear, and as for its function, it is not very discerning, so those who can obtain the essence of the 36 laws can also use the axe together.

Yue is a type of axe, but it is larger than an axe.

Han Liuxi's "Release of Names, Release of Soldiers": "Yue, Huoye." Don't dare to be current, and suddenly break up. (Interpretation: The military generals who use the Yue must be shouldering a glorious mission and sweeping the world with dignity.) ）

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Yue was unearthed more, but it has gradually lost its nature as a war weapon, and has become a ceremonial ornament and a Mingtang ritual dance. This was because the sword was widely used on the battlefield, and the bulky Yu was retired from the army.

Eighteen kinds of weapons - halberds

The halberd is one of the ancient weapons, created after the bow and arrow, the shape is the same as the Go, all are horizontal blades; the old said to be a straight blade, I don't know what the original? The homes of ancient dignitaries all stood halberds at the door to show official honors, and they also served as honor guards with weapons. Later, the form was slightly changed, between the aid and the sword, a beam was erected, and the aid was formed into a crescent moon of the reverse load, and the spear tip of the straight blade was deformed within the horizontal blade, and there was a beam on the coffin, and the two sides made an inverted half-moon shape, the name of which was called the Fang Tian painting halberd; under the beam, it was also equipped with iron ancient money or ancient ingots, I don't know what it was used for, how could it be strange and dazzling to later generations, that is, the weapon was also decorated? The ancient halberd is not only invisible, that is, the shape of the figure to show the martial artist, or dumbfounded and can not be named, so sigh the loss of the ancient weapon, the ancient law is rare. To the variant of the halberd, I don't know when it began, and then into the abandonment of the ancient artifact and this, forgive there is a suitable place, but also can be set up another name, why must borrow the halberd as a name, if the two are similar, there is still something to say, now the two things are different, there is no similarity, along with the use of it, can not be incompatible. The author does not necessarily seek to be strange, he really cannot follow the custom, nor dare to disagree; he records it in turn, even if the person is not me, he will also plan it; and those who are skilled in martial arts in the world may not blindly obey their ears.

The halberd is a soldier of Ge and spear combined, and the straight blade is installed in front of the handle to stab the enemy, and there is a horizontal blade next to it, and the coltan hooks and pecks the enemy, which has the dual role of hooking and stabbing.

In 1975, the suburbs of Beijing excavated the wooden coffin tomb at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty (about 1120 AD), and among the unearthed bronze weapons, there were nine "halberds", which proved that the "halberd" is a unique weapon in China, at least more than 3,000 years old.

The excavation of the euphorbia of the Zhou Dynasty shows that it has been widely used in the Zhou period. The "thorn" contained in the ancient book is the "halberd". "The Eleventh Year of the Hidden Father": "Uncle Yingkao is coerced to go, and the son pulls out thorns to chase him." Du pre-note: "Thorns, halberds also." The halberd was one of the five soldiers of the Warring States period, and it can be known that the halberd was a common weapon at that time.

In 1974, a large number of weapons were unearthed from the burial pit of the Qin figurines in the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang in Lintong, Shaanxi, including Qin bows, arrowheads, spears, Ge, Yue, Wu hooks, etc. It is the reappearance of the weapons and equipment of the Qin Dynasty army 2,200 years ago. The three types of weapons, the ge, the spear, and the halberd, are all equipped with a long wooden handle of about three meters, and the lower end is equipped with copper, and some spear handles are as long as 6.3 meters.

In the Han Dynasty, the length of the long soldier was between the long and short soldiers. "Hanshu Dongfang Shuo Biography": "Emperor Wu sits in the front hall of Weiyang, and Dongfang Shuo stands with a halberd. It shows that the Han Dynasty Wenchen also held the halberd. There are also double halberds, "Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Wu Zhi": "Sun Quan rode a horse to shoot a tiger and threw a double halberd", "Gan Ning held a double halberd dance". "Wei Zhi" "There is a strong man under the account, and he carries a pair of halberds and eighty catties." ”。 It can be seen that the halberd was not only widely used at that time, but also heavier.

Cao Pi's "Classics and Self-Description": "The husband should not claim to be his own strength, Yu Shaoxiao holds the revenge, and claims that he is not right; Later, he learned from Yuan Min of Chen State, and recovered with a single attack, every time he was a god, he didn't know what to do with his home, and if he was sensitive to the narrow road in the first day, he would be able to decide his ears!" ("Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Emperor Wen", Pei Song's note)

In the Jin Dynasty, the long soldiers had heavy spears and guns, and the halberd had been reduced to a weapon of honor, and the sergeants all held the gun, but not the halberd. "The Book of Jin: The Biography of Wang Jun": "Jun raised the road in front of the house, made dozens of steps wide, and said: I want to accommodate the halberd banner." "It can be seen that halberds are no longer used on the battlefield.

The halberd of the Tang Dynasty has been widely used in dance equipment. "Tang Shu Lile Zhi": "Taizong made a dance map, and ordered Lu Cai to teach one hundred and twenty-eight musicians, wearing silver armor, holding a halberd and dancing, every three changes, each into four formations, like stabbing back and forth, the singer and the song said, 'Qin King array music'. "Although this is a silver-armored halberd, the halberd has completely lost its weapon nature and has been reduced to a dance tool.

Halberds in the Song Dynasty were rarely used on the battlefield. In the long-handled iron knife, there is a kind of "halberd knife" painted in the "General Essentials of the Martial Arts", which shows that its shape changes to adapt to the battlefield, and it is not the original halberd.

In the Qing Dynasty, there is a kind of crescent halberd, or a famous halberd, in addition to the crescent blade, there is a sharp edge, a curved hook, and it also has the functions of hooking soldiers, stabbing soldiers, cutting soldiers, and soldiers.

At present, there are still those who practice halberd, the practice of halberd is different from that of knives and guns, halberds generally do not do dancing flowers, with chopping, stabbing, hooking, slicing, probing, hanging captivity, knocking, as the main moves.

After the Ming and Qing dynasties, the same shape of the halberd, various martial arts schools, and different practice methods.

Eighteen weapons - whips

The whip is also a kind of short soldier, its origin is the same as the mace, but the sword must be used twice, and the whip is divided into single and double stiff; The system of whips, I don't know when it started, who created it, to the method of double whips, it is suspected that future generations because of the dual use of the law, the convenience of attacking and resisting, so the method of stealing, easy single is double. However, the whip is the same as the bladeless short soldier, but the form is slightly different; if the method of attacking the emperor is danced, the main point is exactly the same, and it cannot be very different. The difference between whips is the same, and the names are also different, that is, as far as the hard whip is concerned, there are several kinds of bamboo whips, tiger tail whips, etc., and the rest are probably determined by their form. However, because of the difference in name, the law is also mixed because of it, how much is different, but the law of Wei Chi whip is admired by the world, but it is not passed on in the near future, which is very regrettable. In addition, that is, the ordinary hard whip method, most of them also pick up the spittle of each short soldier, barely composed, and it is not possible to make up for the lack of whips in this series, and do not want to mix fish with pearls.

The iron whip is hexagonal, and the iron wedge is four-shaped, short and long, and it is used with manpower. Some whips are connected with a short iron chain on the head, and two iron rods are tied on it, which is called a double iron whip. There is also a kind of iron chain clamp, which comes from the northwest region and is inspired by the farmer's threshing flail.

The whip and the wedge originated very early, but few unearthed cultural relics are seen. "Historical Records: The Biography of Wu Zixu": "And Wu soldiers entered the city, Wu Zixu begged King Zhao, but dug the tomb of King Chuping, took out his corpse, whipped three hundred, and then been. It shows that whips have begun to be used in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Wang Yanyin, the general of the Later Liang Dynasty, is not only good at guns, but also good at iron whips. In Feng Yunhu's "Golden Stone Rope", Wang Yanzhang's iron whip is illustrated, "only six feet two inches long, weighing 15 catties, where 19 sections, each section is bound with copper bars, the handle is decorated with wood and tied with copper, the handle end is like a mallet, and the four characters of 'serving the country with a red heart' are listed on all sides." ("Manuscript of the History of Chinese Weapons") can know that although the whip is a short soldier, its shape is long, and it is heavier, and it needs to be vigorously practiced.

Song Dingdu and Zeng Gongliang's "General Essentials of the Martial Arts": "The iron whip has many knots, and it is a legacy of the Jin Dynasty. The three-section whip is also in the shape of a Hu person. Iron has been widely used in the Tang Dynasty. ”

The Song people liked to use short striking weapons, mainly relying on gravity to hit the enemy, and the user had to be a strong person, mostly used on horses, and heavier with bare hands.

In the Ming Dynasty, there were two iron whips, which were slightly like the iron chain clamping rods of the Song Dynasty, but the iron chains of the Song Dynasty ware were quite long and the short rods were square; Other whips, the Ming Dynasty is very much, He Liangchen "Array Discipline" said: palladium tail whip, zhang eight whips, Lianzhu iron whip, leopard tail whip, iron whip, each has a specialty, but the body, technique, footwork, are all from the fist stick. It can be seen that there are many whips in the Ming army, and they attach importance to the use of fist and stick technology as the basis to improve the actual combat ability of high whips.

The whip system of the Qing Dynasty has been divided into soft and hard, but the wide use of soft and hard was after the Qing army entered the customs, because the Manchus and northerners liked to practice this kind of whip at that time. At that time, there were nine lashes, each of which was only three to four inches long, and was attached to an iron ring, which could be held in one hand or around the waist when not in use. When using the whip head, the lasso is on the wrist, a violent pull, the whip is straight, can be used to hit, flog, hook, bind, the good use of the enemy's sword, a blow can drag the enemy's neck or leg, so that it falls to the ground.

There is also a kind of wooden whip rod, the length of which is the width of one of the human arms and shoulders, also known as the "short whip". Because of its short size, it is extremely convenient to use.

Whips are divided into single, double, soft and hard, and their quality is different from copper, iron, ironwood, and pure wood, and the whip made of leather to drive cattle and horses is a completely different utensil. However, the seven-section, nine-section, and thirteen-section whips of the soft whip category may have a certain relationship with the whip of driving cattle and horses.

The whip is similar to the whip method, mainly to block, fall, point, intercept, sweep, plate, plate, poke, block, teasing, dialing, and strangling. It requires the exerciser to turn and move in the body style, the rigidity and flexibility, the pace is light and fast, and the technique is closely coordinated.

The soft whip is a weapon that is both soft and hard, and it is characterized by strong coordination of body and weapons, strong trainers, and both striking speed and dexterous methods. Especially when dancing, it flies up and down, hitting each other, like a silver snake flying, which dazzles people, so it has an excellent performance effect.