Mr. Qi got a little tired of talking, so he got up and paced, returned to Meng Ran, and asked casually: "Ran'er, there are two reasons for Chen Guo's death, do you know what the reason is?"

Meng Ran thought for a while and said, "The disciple only knows one of them. It is said that the last emperor of the Chen State, Empress Chen, was extravagant and did not know how to govern the country, and was finally destroyed by the current Taizu. ”

Mr. Qi nodded in praise and said, "Ran'er, what you said is good.

There are two reasons for Chen Guo's death, one of which is internal trouble. In the deep palace of the queen's birth, the hands of the eldest woman belonged to the state and the country, and they did not know the difficulties of the crops. The courtesy of the princes, only the affection for the wine, the nickname is close to the group, and they are all entrusted to the balance axis. As far as the conspiracy goes, there is no spineless minister, where the power is, and the officials who do not invade the fishery. This is one of them.

The second is external troubles. When Chen Gaozu Sheng was seriously ill, he bequeathed his younger brother Chen Jian to enter the dynasty to inherit the throne for Emperor Wen Chen.

After Chen Jian stabilized the throne, he continued to unify the cause. Chen Jian first sent the general Pan Mei and others to the north, besieged the capital of Taiyuan, Chen Jian led the army in July, the Chen army repelled the reinforcements of the Later Zhou, and destroyed the Later Zhou, finally ending the situation of nearly 30 years of secession and chaos since the end of the Qin Dynasty.

In September of the same year, Chen Jian ignored the opposition of his ministers and took advantage of the situation of the Northern Han Dynasty to launch the Northern Expedition from Taiyuan. At the beginning of the Northern Expedition, Yizhou and Zhuozhou in Hebei Province were recovered. Chen Jian ordered the siege of Jicheng, and the army of Chen Guo fought fiercely with the border Khitan tribes on the banks of the Gaoliang River. Chen Jian went to the battlefield in person, but was wounded and arrowed, and evacuated in a donkey cart, and the Northern Expedition failed.

In the third year, Chen's army once again divided its troops into a three-way northern expedition. Initially, the march of the central and western routes went smoothly, and many places were recovered. But then the Eastern Route Army was defeated by the Khitan main force at Qigou Pass. Emperor Chen urgently ordered the army to retreat, and ordered the army under the command of the general of the Northern Expedition to escort the people to move inward. Through the two decisive battles of the Gaoliang River and Qigou Pass, the Khitan had a great military advantage, and the Chen State was no longer able to go on a northern expedition, so that the hinterland of the Central Plains was always exposed to foreign iron cavalry. ”

When Mr. Qi said this, he sighed and said: "Although a sage once said that there is no class of teaching, but it is not my race, its heart will be different, and it is necessary to pay attention to foreign races. ”

When Meng Ran heard this, he nodded yes. Foreigners are like jackals, tigers and leopards, under the pressure of killing, they are like wild dogs, begging for a way to survive; once they show weakness, they will show their fangs and want to bite down a piece of fertile soil.

When Mr. Qi was about to speak, a servant came to greet him and said, "It's noon, please Mr. Qi and the young master go to eat first, and then come back to study after dinner." ”

Mr. Qi casually agreed, and ended the morning class.

After that, he took the little apprentice to the front hall for dinner.

Rest after a meal. Afternoon classes start from the application time and end at the unitary time.

Mr. Qi continued to talk about history.

After the failure of Emperor Wendi Chen's Northern Expedition, he had no intention of military affairs, so he had to focus on the internal affairs of the imperial court. Feeling the difficulty of advancing to the Hanmen, the court was full of descendants of the nobility, the class was solidified, and the Jiupin Zhongzheng system was abolished, and then there was the imperial examination system.

There are more than 50 kinds of permanent subjects, such as Xiucai, Ming Jing, Jinshi, Junshi, Mingfa, Mingzi, and Mingsuan. Among them, the Ming Law, Ming Calculation, Ming Character and other subjects are not taken seriously, and the requirements are very high, and they are gradually abolished. Therefore, the two subjects of Ming Jing and Jinshi became the main subjects of Chen Chao's regular subjects. Among them, the Jinshi examination is a policy and a poem, an article, and a Ming Jing is a policy and a scripture.

Compared with the previous dynasty, the Chen Dynasty was closer to Confucianism, which made it inseparable from Taoism, and also laid a hidden danger for the later fall of the Chen State. Because there were so many Taoist priests at that time, some of them were just trying to escape the sway, and the Taoist temple enjoyed tax exemption privileges. As a result, there were some collisions between the power of the Chen royal family and the Dao Sect in the world, and there was an irreparable rift between the two sides. It's just that Chen Guochu was established and the national strength was strong, and the Taoist sect did not make a big move because of this matter.

In this way, Chen Guo has been passed down for several generations.

One hundred and sixty years ago, Emperor Chen died, and the crown prince Chen Shubao became the emperor and granted amnesty to the world. The most favored concubine, Zhang Lihua, was the imperial concubine and spoiled the harem from then on. Chen Shubao built three pavilions in front of the Guangzhao Hall of the Imperial Palace, namely Linchun, Jieqi and Wangxian. The pavilion is 10 zhang high, even the number of extension 10 rooms, the window, the wall band, the hanging frieze, the railing, etc. are all made of sunken wood and sandalwood, and decorate with gold, jade or pearl and jadeite, the pavilion doors and windows are hung with bead curtains, there are treasure beds and treasure tents indoors, extremely luxurious, just like a fairyland on earth. The things that are worn and appreciated are wonderful and exquisite, and have never been seen in ancient times. Whenever the breeze blows, the fragrance of sunken wood and sandalwood wafts for miles. Your Excellency piles rocks into mountains, diverts water into pools and grows exotic flowers and plants.

At a time when Chen Shubao was indulging in luxury and enjoyment, several separatist forces in the north had been unified and formed a relatively complete dynasty with a large territory, which was the Liang State. The founder of the Liang State was Liang Zheng, that is, the Taizu of this dynasty. And the reason why this dynasty was able to be established so quickly was precisely with the help of the power of the Taoist sect. It's just that there are pros and cons to everything.

At first, since Liang Taizu ascended the throne, he was very friendly with the Chen Dynasty, and every time he captured a spy of the Chen Dynasty, he gave clothes and horses, and politely repatriated them. Therefore, when Emperor Chen died, Taizu sent a messenger to mourn, and in the letter to Chen Shubao, there was the words "Liang Zheng was stunned", and he was very humble. But Chen Shubao was arrogant in his reply, and said at the end of the letter: "I want the area you rule to be safe, and this is the world is peaceful." Taizu was very unhappy when he read Chen Shubao's reply.

In April of the following year, Taizu wanted to send a division to crusade against the Chen Dynasty, pay tribute to his ancestors in the Taimiao, and appointed Liang Guang, the king of Jin, Liang Jun, the king of Qin, and Liang Su, the prince of Qinghe, as the marshals of the march. Ordered Liang Guangtong to lead the army from Liuhe, Liang Juntong to lead the army from Xiangyang, Liang Sutong to lead the army from Yong'an, Jingzhou Assassin Liu Renen to lead the army from Jiangling, Qizhou Assassin Wang Shiji to lead the army from Qichun, Luzhou Governor Han Baohu to lead the army from Lujiang, Wuzhou Governor He Ruobi to lead the army from Guangling, Qingzhou Governor Hongnong Yan Rong to lead the army from the East China Sea, a total of 90 marching commanders, 518,000 troops, all under the command of Liang Guang, the king of Jin. From the seashore in the east, to Ba and Shu in the west, the flag is shining brightly, and the boat is racing, stretching for thousands of miles. The imperial court also appointed the left servant Gao as the chief of the Marshal of the Jin Dynasty, and the right servant Wang Shao as Sima, and all affairs in the front-line army were handled by them. They arranged for the armies to advance and retreat, attack and defend, and arranged the allocation of military supplies, which was very competent and did not make any mistakes.

On the seventh day of the fourth month, Taizu personally marched for the soldiers on the expedition, and on the tenth day of the first month, Taizu held a pledge meeting.

Just when the Liang soldiers were actively preparing to attack Chen, Chen Shubao was still obsessed, thinking that the Yangtze River could block everything, and he still ate and drank all day long, but he didn't think so. He even said to the guards and ministers casually: "The emperor's qi is here." What can the Liang army do to me now when they come to attack!" Kong Fan, the official of the capital, echoed: "The Yangtze River is a moat, and the ancients believed that it was to separate the south from the north. Is it possible for the enemy army to fly across now? This is because the generals of the border towns want to make meritorious deeds, so they lie about the urgency of the border affairs. I often felt that my official position was low, and if the enemy army could cross the Yangtze River, I would definitely make a meritorious contribution and be promoted to the rank of lieutenant. Someone lied that many of the Liang army's horses died, and Kong Fan said loudly: "These military horses are all horses of our country, how can they die?" Emperor Chen laughed after hearing this, thinking that Kong Fan was right, so he didn't take precautions at all, and played an optimistic dance every day, indulged in wine and feasting, and wrote poems for fun.

On the sixth day of the fifth month, Liang general He Ruobi led his army to conquer Jingkou and captured Chen Chaonan's assassin Shi Huang Ke in Xuzhou. He Ruobi's army was strictly disciplined, and Qiu did not commit any crimes, and some soldiers bought wine among the people, and He Ruobi immediately ordered him to be beheaded. He Ruobi released all the more than 6,000 captured troops of the Chen Dynasty, distributed food, comforted them with kind words, repatriated them to their hometowns, and gave them a letter to Taizu to spread their propaganda and distribution. Therefore, wherever the Liang army went, the Chen Dynasty army was defeated.

On May 17, Liang general He Ruobi led his army into Zhongshan and stationed it in the east of Baitugang. Liang Guang, the king of Jin, sent the governor Du Yan and Han Baohu to join forces, with a total of 20,000 foot cavalry stationed in Xinlin. Wang Shiji, the governor of Liang Qizhou, commanded the naval army out of Jiujiang and defeated the Chen general Ji Yao in Qikou, the soldiers of the Chen Dynasty were greatly frightened, and the people who surrendered to the Liang army continued one after another, and the king of Jin Liang Guang reported the military situation, Taizu was very happy, so he feasted and rewarded the hundred officials and ministers.

At that time, Jiankang still had an army of more than 100,000 people, but Emperor Chen was cowardly and weak by nature, and he didn't understand military affairs, so he just cried day and night, and all the military situations in Taicheng were entrusted to Shi Wenqing, a member of the Zhongshu House. Xiao Maha's two successive suggestions to face the battle were not adopted. When convening the generals to discuss the military, Ren Zhong proposed a counterattack strategy, but he did not follow. The next day, he said: "The soldiers have been indecisive for a long time, which is annoying", and suddenly ordered Xiao Maha and other armies to fight. On the 20th, Chen generals Lu Guangda, Ren Zhong, Fan Yi, Kong Fan, and Xiao Maha lined up in the north and south in the Baitugang area, stretching for 20 miles.

On the tenth day of the first month of June, the Liang army attacked the city of Jiankangtai. Emperor Chen panicked and wanted to hide, Yuan Xian said solemnly: "After the Liang army enters the palace, it will not invade Your Majesty. Emperor Chen didn't listen, ran away in panic, and hurriedly jumped into the dry well with Zhang Guifei and Kong Guifei to hide. At night, Liang Jun found out and was forced to go up. The soldier who dragged the rope was shocked by the heaviness, and when he came out of the well, he knew that it was three people hugging together, and it was passed on as a joke in later generations. On June 22, Liang Guang, the king of Jin, entered Jiankang and asked Gao Ying and Pei Ju, a member of the Marshal's Office, to confiscate the map and household registration of Chen of the Southern Dynasty, seal the state treasury, and take nothing of gold and silver. Therefore, the whole world praised Liang Guang, the king of Jin, and thought he was virtuous.

Soon after, the state of Chen was completely pacified. Taizu's edict destroyed all the palaces and houses in Jiankang for farming. The state of Chen lasted one hundred and forty years and passed on to the seven emperors.

Since then, the world has been unified. It's just that the royal family of the current dynasty has some Hu blood, and there is a Hu legacy, and it is not recognized by the Jiangnan Shi clan, so the forces of all parties in Jiangnan are complicated, and it has always been a big problem for the imperial court, but there is no cure.