(A little popular science, learn about the profundity of ancient Chinese culture, you can take a good look if you like, this formation is very famous, because it contains a lot.) ）

Zhuge Liang was the prime minister of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period, and he was an outstanding politician, military strategist, diplomat, writer, calligrapher, and inventor. And that's true, and it's not an exaggeration.

Zhuge Liang is a real figure in history, who once assisted Liu Bei in establishing the Shu Kingdom, and is by no means an idle person. Zhuge Liang's famous work "Eight Array Diagrams" also exists in real life.

The Eight Formations Diagram is a formation created by Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period, by deducing the art of war.

The Eight Formations have a long history, having existed before the Three Kingdoms period, and the Eight Formations were formed by Zhuge Liang's deduction of the art of war.

It is rumored that the picture is divided into nine pieces, one is the main picture of eight formations, and the other eight are eight formations, namely: the sky covering the array, the ground carrying array, the wind lifting array, the cloud hanging array, the dragon flying array, the tiger wing array, the bird flying array, and the snake pan array.

A caption is attached to the diagram, detailing the tactical application of each formation to attack and retreat in a special environment. According to the "Historical Records", the queen of the wind was a member of the Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor. The Tang Dynasty military strategist and Changzhou Thorn Shi Dugu and the stele of "Yunyan Guanfeng Hou Eight Arrays" of the relics of Yunyan Guanguan in Mi County record in detail the deeds of the Yellow Emperor and Fenghou in researching and creating the "Eight Arrays". The discovery of this map has advanced the history of China's eight formations of the art of war by 2,500 years.

The "Eight Arrays" created by Zhuge Liang absorbed the permutations and combinations of Jingtian and Taoist Bagua, which was compatible with astronomy and geography, and was a rare combat formation in ancient times. The "Genealogy of the Zhuge Family" of the Prudent Hall contains the poems and hymns of "Eight Arrays of Skillful Use of Treasures and Fame into Eight Arrays".

Heavenly Array Praise: Heavenly Array Sixteen, Outer and Inner Circle, Four for the Wind, Its Image Heaven, for the Lord of the Array, for the First of the Soldiers. Make good use of the three armed forces, and their shape is not biased.

Ground Array Praise: Ground Array Twelve, its shape is square, the four corners of the cloud master, it is difficult to rush the enemy, its body is unpredictable, it is infinitely used, it is impossible to be independent, and it is matched with the yang.

Wind Raising Array Praise: The wind has no positive shape, attached to the sky, and becomes a snake, its meaning is gradually mysterious, the wind can drum things, all things are around, the snake can be around, and the three armies are afraid.

Cloud Hanging Array: The cloud is attached to the ground, the beginning is invisible, into a bird, its shape is formed, the bird can be prominent, the cloud can be obscure, ever-changing, the sound of gold leather.

Long Fei Array Praise: Heaven and earth rush back, and the dragon changes into it, with claws and feet, and a back and chest. The latent is unpredictable, the movement is infinite, the formation is impressive, and the name is a dragon.

Tiger wings praise: Heaven and earth rush forward, become tiger wings, and the tiger will fight, and its power will be full. Huaiyin uses it to become infinite, and the meeting under the wall is unpredictable.

Bird Soaring Array: The bird will fight, must soar first, the momentum is in the sky, and the birds are hidden. After the trial, there will be slander, one man will assault, and the three armies will not be in charge.

Snake Pan Array Praise: The wind is a snake pan, formed with the sky, surrounded by potential energy, and the performance is bent and stretched. Among the four odds, it is neighbors with tigers, and then it becomes Changshan, and it is trapped from head to end.

The composition of the "Eight Arrays" is to use the four places of Qiankun Xungen, as the main array of heaven and earth, as the main soldier. The northwest is dry land, and the dry is the heavenly array. The southwest is Kundi, and Kun is the ground array. The southeastern part of the country is Xunju

, Xunzhi is a gust of wind.

The northeast is the Genju, the Gen is the mountain, the mountains and rivers are out of the clouds, the cloud array, and the water, fire, gold and wood are the dragons, tigers, birds and snakes and the four strange arrays, as the odd soldiers. The array is the green dragon (array) on the left, the white tiger (array) on the right, the Vermilion Bird (array) in front, and the Xuanwu snake (array) in the back.

Eight formations were also distributed in the general formation, and the total formation was 8864 formations, plus 24 formations of guerrillas. There are 32 arrays of yin and yang, 24 arrays of yang, and 24 arrays of yin.

There are 24 formations of guerrillas, and after 60 formations, all marches, formations, joint battles, doubts, filling vacancies, and logistics are all in the guerrillas. There are praises to praise the power of the "Eight Formations": "The formation is accommodating, the team is accommodating; the former is the back, the future is the front; there is no fast running, no retreat is the front; there are four heads and eight tails, and the touch is the head; the enemy rushes to it, and both ends are saved; the odd is born together, and the cycle is unprovoked; the beginning and the end are corresponding, and the hidden is unpredictable; the anticipation is like a god, and the opportunity is to respond." ”

"The method of eight formations, in a while, two formations obey each other, one battle and one defense; Chinese and foreign weight, rigidity and softness, each other's virtual reality, host and guest succession, longitude and latitude changes, it is precisely because of the base, the odd cause of the breakthrough, the multi-cause interaction, the logistics guarantee. ”

The eight arrays are named after the sky, earth, wind, clouds, dragons, tigers, birds, and snakes, and the Chinese army is a total of nine large arrays. The Chinese army consisted of sixteen small formations, and the surrounding eight formations were composed of six small formations each, for a total of sixty-four small formations. In the eight formations, the sky, earth, wind, and clouds are the "four positives", and the dragon (green dragon), tiger (white tiger), bird (vermilion bird), and snake (beetle snake) are the "four odds". In addition, there are still 24 formations deployed in the rear for mobile purposes.

The Eight Formations have a long history, having existed before the Three Kingdoms period, and the Eight Formations were formed by Zhuge Liang's deduction of the art of war.

The eight-array diagram was first recorded in the text of "Three Kingdoms, Shu Shujuan Five, Zhuge Liang Biography", "Deduction of the art of war, making an eight-array diagram, salty and important." ”

Later, it was recorded in many historical books such as "The Book of Jin, the Twenty-seventh Biography of Ma Long", "The Sixty-eighth Biography of the Book of Jin: The Biography of Huan Wen" and so on.

Liu Hong, the general of Zhennan in the Western Jin Dynasty, once visited Zhuge Liang's former residence, and asked Li Xing to set up a monument to praise Zhuge Liang's achievements, which also mentioned the Eight Arrays.

The Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu also wrote a poem "Eight Arrays" to praise Kong Ming: "The merit covers three parts of the country, and the name becomes the Eight Arrays." "The battle map on the river is still in the column, and there is a glow in the Xiangye in Shu. ”

The Eight Arrays have been lost, and although later generations have a variety of speculations about it, its true appearance is no longer available. After the advent of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the eight-array diagram was more and more covered with a veil of mystery.

How amazing and powerful is Zhuge Liang's Eight Array Diagram?

The development of the Eight Arrays, Jiang Shang Jiang Taigong modified the Grip Array to form the Taigong Array, which was mentioned in the "Taigong Formation", during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Sima Sui Tho of the Qi State mentioned it in detail in the "Sima Law", Guan Zhong rearranged Jiang Shang's "Taigong Art of War", and the outstanding military strategist Sun Wu recorded and developed it in detail in the "Art of War", and created the Bagua Array.

"Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi, Zhuge Liang Biography" recorded: "Liang is long in ingenuity, profit and loss crossbows, wooden oxen and horses, all out of his own intention;

The formation diagram is so salty that it is very important. ”

"The Book of Jin, the Twenty-seventh Biography of Ma Long" records: "Long Yi eight formations as a partial box car, the land is wide is the antler car camp, and the road is narrow for the wooden house to be applied to the car, and the battle is forward, the bow and arrow reach, and the string falls." ”

"The Book of Jin, the Sixty-eighth Biography of Huan Wen" records: "At the beginning, Zhuge Liang built eight arrays on the Yufu Pingsha, and the stone was eight lines, and the lines were two zhang apart. Wen saw it, and said that "this Changshan snake is also powerful." "Neither civil nor military can recognize it. ”

As a kind of battle formation and troop deployment map in ancient wars, although Zhuge Liang's original "map" is not seen today, there is a so-called "Eight Formations Map" that is said to be Zhuge Liang's training site.

Li Daoyuan's "Water Jing Note, River Water" clouds, this kind of "picture base" are all made of fine stones. There are three places: one in Shaanxi Province, one in Fengjie, Chongqing, and one in Xinfan, Sichuan, especially in Fengjie. Fengjie was originally the ancient Yufu County, the seat of governance is now Fengjie East White Emperor City, Liu Bei changed his name to Yong'an during the Three Kingdoms, and Tang changed his name to Fengjie.

Zhuge Liang's "Eight Arrays Map" is rumored to be on the south river beach of Yong'an Palace. According to the records of Li Qian's "Taibai Yin Jing" and Li Jing's "Asking the Right" in the Tang Dynasty, as well as the deduction of contemporary scholars (see the back cover of the 9th issue of Sun Tzu Xuekan in 1994), Zhuge Liang's "Eight Arrays" are now shown as follows:

According to the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms _ Shu Zhi _ Zhuge Liang Biography": "(Liang) deduce the art of war to make eight formations. Later generations examined its relics and painted them into graphics, see "Wubei Zhi".

According to records, there are three relics of the Eight Array Diagrams: "Shuijing_ Shuishui Note" and "Hanzhong Fuzhi" say that it is in the east of Zhuge Liang's tomb in the southeast of Chuxian County (now Mianxian County) in Shaanxi; "Taiping Huanyu Ji" says that it is by the Nanjiang River in Kuizhou (now Fengjie County) in Sichuan, and "Ming Yi Tongzhi" says that it is in Mumi Town, 30 miles north of Xindu District, Sichuan.

Recently, Mi County, Henan Province discovered a set of China's earliest "Eight Formations of the Art of War after the Wind". The picture is divided into nine pieces, one is the main picture of eight formations, and the other eight are eight formations, namely: the sky covering the array, the ground carrying array, the wind lifting array, the cloud hanging array, the dragon flying array, the tiger wing array, the bird flying array, and the snake pan array. A caption is attached to the diagram, detailing the tactical application of each formation to attack and retreat in a special environment.

According to the "Historical Records", the queen of the wind was a member of the Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor. The Tang Dynasty military strategist and Changzhou Thorn Shi Dugu and the stele of "Yunyan Guanfeng Hou Eight Arrays" of the relics of Yunyan Guanguan in Mi County record in detail the deeds of the Yellow Emperor and Fenghou in researching and creating the "Eight Arrays".

The discovery of this map has advanced the history of China's eight formations of the art of war by 2,500 years.

"Zhou Yi" Zhuge Liang · "Eight Arrays" The eighty-fourth chapter of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" "Lu Xun's Camp Burns Seven Hundred Miles of Kong Ming Qiaobu Eight Arrays" once told the story of Lu Xun's eight arrays that strayed into Zhuge Liangbu.

The "Eight Arrays" created by Zhuge Liang absorbed the permutations and combinations of Jingtian and Taoist Bagua, which was compatible with astronomy and geography, and was a rare combat formation in ancient times. The "Genealogy of the Zhuge Family" of the Prudent Hall contains the poems and hymns of "Eight Arrays of Skillful Use of Treasures and Fame into Eight Arrays".

Heavenly Array Praise: Heavenly Array Sixteen, Outer and Inner Circle, Four for the Wind, Its Image Heaven, for the Lord of the Array, for the First of the Soldiers. Make good use of the three armed forces, and their shape is not biased.

Ground Array Praise: Ground Array Twelve, its

The shape is square, the four corners of the cloud master, it is difficult to rush the enemy, its body is unpredictable, it is infinitely used, it is impossible to be independent, and it is matched with the yang.

Wind Raising Array Praise: The wind has no positive shape, attached to the sky, and becomes a snake, its meaning is gradually mysterious, the wind can drum things, all things are around, the snake can be around, and the three armies are afraid.

Cloud Hanging Array: The cloud is attached to the ground, the beginning is invisible, into a bird, its shape is formed, the bird can be prominent, the cloud can be obscure, ever-changing, the sound of gold leather.

Long Fei Array Praise: Heaven and earth rush back, and the dragon changes into it, with claws and feet, and a back and chest. The latent is unpredictable, the movement is infinite, the formation is impressive, and the name is a dragon.

Tiger wings praise: Heaven and earth rush forward, become tiger wings, and the tiger will fight, and its power will be full. Huaiyin uses it to become infinite, and the meeting under the wall is unpredictable.

Bird Soaring Array: The bird will fight, must soar first, the momentum is in the sky, and the birds are hidden. After the trial, there will be slander, one man will assault, and the three armies will not be in charge.

Snake Pan Array Praise: The wind is a snake pan, formed with the sky, surrounded by potential energy, and the performance is bent and stretched. Among the four odds, it is neighbors with tigers, and then it becomes Changshan, and it is trapped from head to end.

The composition of the "Eight Arrays" is to use the four places of Qiankun Xungen, as the main array of heaven and earth, as the main soldier. The northwest is dry land, and the dry is the heavenly array. The southwest is Kundi, and Kun is the ground array. The southeast is the Xundwelling, and the Xunzi is the wind gust. The northeast is the Genju, the Gen is the mountain, the mountains and rivers are out of the clouds, the cloud array, and the water, fire, gold and wood are the dragons, tigers, birds and snakes and the four strange arrays, as the odd soldiers.

The array is the green dragon (array) on the left, the white tiger (array) on the right, the Vermilion Bird (array) in front, and the Xuanwu snake (array) in the back. Eight formations were also distributed in the general formation, and the total formation was 8864 formations, plus 24 formations of guerrillas. There are 32 arrays of yin and yang, 24 arrays of yang, and 24 arrays of yin. There are 24 formations of guerrillas, and after 60 formations, all marches, formations, joint battles, doubts, filling vacancies, and logistics are all in the guerrillas.

There are praises to praise the power of the "Eight Formations": "The formation is accommodating, the team is accommodating; the former is the back, the future is the front; there is no fast running, no retreat is the front; there are four heads and eight tails, and the touch is the head; the enemy rushes to it, and both ends are saved; the odd is born together, and the cycle is unprovoked; the beginning and the end are corresponding, and the hidden is unpredictable; the anticipation is like a god, and the opportunity is to respond." ”

"The method of eight formations, in a while, two formations obey each other, one battle and one defense; Chinese and foreign weight, rigidity and softness, each other's virtual reality, host and guest succession, longitude and latitude changes, it is precisely because of the base, the odd cause of the breakthrough, the multi-cause interaction, the logistics guarantee. ”

Development process, throughout the whole book of "Tang Taizong Li Gongwei Asks the Right", we can find the whole process of the development and improvement of the Eight Arrays, and it can be seen that the "Eight Arrays" has a deep origin, which can be traced back to the Yellow Emperor of ancient China.

After the continuous improvement and perfection of Jiang Taigong, Sima Sui Tho, Guan Zhong, Sun Wu and others, by the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang had brought him to the top and perfected it into eight formations! Li Jing in the Tang Dynasty simplified it into six flower formations because the command of the nine arrays was too complicated.

In terms of naming and composition, the eight arrays are named after the sky, earth, wind, clouds, dragons, tigers, birds, and snakes, and the Chinese army is a total of nine large arrays. The Chinese army consisted of sixteen small formations, and the surrounding eight formations were composed of six small formations each, for a total of sixty-four small formations. In the eight formations, the sky, the earth, the wind, and the clouds are the "four positives", and the dragon (green dragon), tiger (white tiger), bird (vermilion bird), snake (

beetle snake) for the "four odds". In addition, there are still 24 formations deployed in the rear for mobile purposes.

The characteristics of the eight-array diagram, as pointed out in Li Jing's "Asking the Right Question", are that "the big array encompasses the small array, the big camp encompasses the small battalion, the corners fall and the hooks are connected, and the twists and turns are opposite", and "the inner circle and the outer square" are inseparable, and its conception is inseparable from the "Zhou Yi". The arrangement of the eight arrays is actually a "map of the eight trigrams of King Wen".

Each of the eight arrays is composed of six small arrays, taking the meaning of the six lines of "Zhou Yi". The total of 64 small formations of the eight formations plus the Chinese army coincides with the sixty-four hexagrams of the "Zhou Yi" hexagram. As for the Qi Zheng method of the Eight Array Diagrams, that is, Du Muzhi's "Sun Tzu Note" said that "Qi is also the right and the right, and the right is also the strange of the Qi, each other is poor, and the cycle is endless", it is the specific application of the "Yi" principle in the array. (Lin Huajia, February 2005)

"Eight Array Diagram Village" is located in the southeast of Jintan Rulin Town, Da Lu Shu and Xiao Lu Shu Village, because of hundreds of years of vicissitudes of life, "Eight Array Diagram Village" has long been unrecognizable.

It is a distribution map of the "Eight Array Villages". In history, Zhuge Liang did deduce the art of war and improve the "Eight Formations" to teach the soldiers of the Shu army, so that the Shu Han soldiers were elite in the world. Every time the Northern Expedition sent troops, only tens of thousands of horses were used, but the generals of Wei State sat on the elite of Kyushu in the Central Plains, and only dared to stick to the camp and avoid fighting.

As for the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Zhuge Liang set up the "Eight Formations" stone formation soldiers to trap Lu Xun, of course, it is just a family saying, not a historical fact. After the Battle of Yiling, Cao Pi immediately divided his troops into three ways and attacked Wu on a large scale, wanting to take advantage of Bian Zhuang's assassination of the tiger.

In order to avoid the dilemma of fighting on two fronts, Lu Xun even took the initiative to ask Liu Bei, who was recuperating in the White Emperor City after the fiasco, to ask for peace, and it was impossible to take advantage of the victory to pursue and invade Shuzhong.

The eight array diagram is used as a defensive side, the core is to defeat the majority of the enemy with a small number of troops, once the enemy has been on once, he will not be on the second time, Zhuge Liang's eight array diagram has been broken so far, and only one person can see through it at present, that is Huan Wen of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Huan Wen could only barely see through Zhuge Liang's principle of arrangement, but he could never break through the formation of the troops, so he could only leave by detour. Although there has never been a shortage of strange people who are good at arranging troops since ancient times, the eight formations created by Zhuge Liang have not been broken so far, which shows that Zhuge Liang's subtlety is unmatched.

The eight arrays set up by Zhuge Liang are said to have four places: one is in the territory of Mianxian County, Shaanxi, the other is in the territory of the new capital of Sichuan, and the other two are in Fengjie, one is the eight arrays of water by the river in the east of the city, and the other is the eight arrays of drought near the thatched cottage in the northeast of the White Emperor City, also known as the eight formations of the cottage. One of the most prestigious is the Eight Formations of Water in Bongjie.

The water eight array is located at the Meixi River, which is very close to the county seat. The so-called eight formations of water are actually sandbar dams formed by the floods of the Yangtze River and Meixi River. There are salt springs on the continent, and in the dry season, when the debt dam is exposed, people have to take brine and boil salt here. The fire is blazing, stretching for miles, and it is very spectacular.

Therefore, it is also known as the "stinky salt merchant" here. According to legend, Zhuge Liang came to Fengjie twice to defend against the invasion of Eastern Wu into Shu, and he inevitably made some arrangements for this area militarily, and it is also possible to line up on the stinky salt on the flat terrain. thereupon

The legend of the Eight Arrays is becoming more and more magical.

However, the eight-array diagram is not perfect, and there are a few minor shortcomings.

1. Geographical restrictions: "Eight Arrays" is not arbitrary, and can only be displayed according to a certain terrain environment. The area where the "Eight Formations" can be laid out must be an extremely open and flat area, without any hills or peaks.

Since the "Eight Arrays" belong to the blinding psychedelic formation, it is easy to make the enemy feel disoriented, so if there are hills or tall buildings nearby, the enemy can look down on the "Eight Formations" from top to bottom, and the mystery is clear at a glance, and there is no mystery at all.

2. Scale Limit The "Eight Formations" have appeared in many battles, but these battles have one characteristic, that is, they are all large-scale battles, and they are always head-to-head.

The number of people in the "Eight Formations" is 24,000, and the scale can be imagined, but such a large number of people will also bring inconvenience to command, so if the enemy chooses to harass on a small scale or adopts guerrilla tactics, the "Eight Formations" will lose its due power

3. Inheritance restrictions, no matter ancient or modern, the power of the "Eight Arrays" is obvious to all, and many people have admired and learned, but because the mystery of the "Eight Arrays" is too amazing, many people have not learned it all their lives.

Moreover, the "Eight Array Diagram" is used very few times, and in the entire "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Zhuge Liang has used it once, so its practicality is definitely not high, even if it takes a lot of effort to learn, there is not much use, resulting in a disproportionate between the pay and the return.

It can be seen that although the "Eight Arrays" are rumored to be miraculous, they also have their own "fatal death holes", which also confirms the ancient theory that "all things are born and restrain each other", and the "Eight Arrays" will be so famous, all thanks to the prominent description of Zhuge Liang in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", in general, the "Eight Arrays" is famous, or stained with Zhuge Liang's light......

Finally, it is a pity that the Eight Arrays Diagram has now been lost, and now it can only be seen at the Eight Arrays Diagram site in the southwest of Mimu Town, Qingbaijiang District, Chengdu.

(End of chapter)