Soup dumplings are a kind of Han specialty snacks. The main raw materials for production are flour, warm water, pork belly, etc. As early as the Northern Song Dynasty, it was sold in the market, and it was called grouting steamed buns or soup dumplings at that time.

Gu Yun took Xiaoliang but was on the Xiaofan Tower, overlooking the scenery of Bianjing, the wilderness was depressed for a while, the sunset was heavy, and he saw a lonely iron tower, and a good broken well and a ruined wall.

"Gu Yun, I heard that this Bianjing was very prosperous before. "Xiao Liangdao.

"Yes, I want to be back then"

Content BriefEdit

From the scope of the capital city to the imperial palace buildings, from the premises of the government offices to the neighborhoods in the city, from food and daily life to the seasons, from singing and dancing to wedding and funeral customs, almost everything is described, not only can you understand the folk customs and fashion of the time, but also feel the developed economy and prosperous urban life of the Song Dynasty. [1]

Creative background editing

In the second year of Jingkang of Song Qinzong (1127), the iron cavalry of the northern nomads drove the Central Plains, smashed Bianjing, and plundered Hui, the second emperor of Qin and the concubine, the prince, and the clan of 3,000 people. A large number of subjects fled to the south, and the life of exile made their hearts always flash with the rich scene of Bianliang, and they constantly looked back on the life that satisfied the hearts of the people. With infinite nostalgia for the past and infinite sadness for reality, Elder Meng wrote "Tokyo Menghualu", which is crowned with a preface at the beginning of the book. [2]

Appreciation and editing of works

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"Tokyo Menghualu" roughly includes the following aspects: the outer city, the inner city and the river bridges in the capital, the distribution and location of the official offices inside and outside the palace, the streets and alleys in the city, shops and restaurants, the imperial court meeting, the suburban festival ceremony, the Han folk customs and customs in Tokyo at that time, seasonal festivals, food and daily life, singing and dancing, etc., almost everything.

Elder Meng's self-preface recounts the prosperity of the year: "Under the hub, the peace has been long and the characters are prosperous. The child with drooping hair, but Xi is inspired, the gray old, and he doesn't know how to fight. The seasons are phased, each has its own viewing: the lantern night and the moon, the snow flowers, the begging climbing, the teaching pond garden. Raise your eyes to the green building painting pavilion, show the bead curtain. The carved cars are stationed in the heavenly street, the BMW is competing on the royal road, the gold is dazzling, and Luo Qi is fragrant. The new voice laughed at Liu Mo Huaqu, and tuned the strings according to the orchestra in the teahouse restaurant. Eight wilderness contends, all countries are salty, set the treasures of the four seas, all return to the city, and the peculiar smell of the Huanhuan District is all in the kitchen. The road is full of flowers, what is the limit of spring outing, the flute and drums are noisy, and a few night banquets? ”

In the first volume, the description of the capital of the Great Song Dynasty is said to be able to be read with a pen, and after reading, the entire plan of the capital is drawn. Kaifeng has three city walls, the palace, the inside and the outside, which divide the city into several areas. Miyagi is the imperial city, the circumference of the palace city is five miles, there are three gates in the south, only one door on the east, west and north three sides, there is a horizontal street between the east and west gates, the south of the street is the seat of the central government agency, and the north of the street is the emperor's living quarters. Due to the small scale of the palace city, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty built the Yanfu New Palace in the north outside the palace city, which was actually an extension and expansion of the palace city. Licheng, also known as the old city, that is, the old city of Bianzhou in the Tang Dynasty, has a circumference of twenty miles, except for the two gates in the east, three gates on each of the remaining three sides. The outer city, after the reconstruction, the circumference is fifty miles, the city is four zhang high, and the city tower building is magnificent and magnificent. Outside the city there is a moat, called the Molong River, which is three times wider than the Bianhe River. There are three gates in the south of the outer city, two gates in the east, four gates in the north, three gates in the west, and many water gates.

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In the commercial handicraft industry of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty, there are a variety of different industries, which can be seen in the second volume, the third volume and the fourth volume of the "Tokyo Menghualu": ginger shop, yarn shop, cattle shop, horse shop, fruit shop, fish shop, rice shop, meat shop, southern pig shop, north pig shop, large goods store, small goods store, cloth shop, Di shop, stacking yard, restaurant, restaurant, tea shop, hotel, inn, soup shop, steamed bread shop, noodle shop, pancake shop, tile, brothel, sundries shop, pharmacy, gold and silver shop, color silk shop, dyeing shop, bead shop, incense medicine shop, boot shop and so on more than 30 "lines". But in fact, there are far more than these thirty kinds. The industries mentioned by Meng Yuanlao are inevitably incomplete and incomplete.

Of the more than 100 restaurants mentioned in the book "Tokyo Mengkaru", restaurants and restaurants account for more than half. In the city, there are "Bailu Building" (later changed to "Fengle Building"), "Panjia Building", "Xinle Building" (i.e., "Ren Dian"), "Yuxian Zheng Store", "Zhongshan Zheng Store", "Gaoyang Zheng Store", "Qingfeng Building", "Changqing Building", "Eight Immortal Building", "Ban Building", "Zhang Bajiayuan Zhaizheng Store", "Wangjiazheng Store", "Li Qijia Zheng Store", "Renhe Zheng Store", "Huixian Lou Zheng Store" and other large high-end restaurants "72 households". Among them, such as the famous Fengle Building, "Xuanhe room, more three floors high, five floors facing each other, each with a flying bridge railing, light and dark communication, bead curtain embroidered forehead, lights and candles shining. "Tokyo Menghualu" Volume 2 "Diet Fruits" incomplete statistics, there are: suckling sheep, sheep hall, sheep horn kidney, goose and duck steak steamed lychee kidney, Huanyuan kidney, roasted cheek, lotus duck stick, wine roasted belly, into the oven sheep's head stick, chicken stick, pan rabbit, fried rabbit, green onion splashed rabbit, fake wild fox, golden silk belly soup, stone belly soup, fake roasted roe deer, fried quail, raw fried lungs, fried clams, fried crabs and so on no less than 50 or 60 kinds.

He remembered the gold and silver silk trading in the southeast boundary lane of the imperial city and said, "The house is magnificent, the façade is vast, and the view is forested. He remembered that the hotels in Tokyo said, "There must be halls and courtyards, corridors and courtyards, small pavilions arranged, hanging windows and bamboos, each hanging curtains, and prostitutes singing and laughing, each with stability." He remembered that Qingming went out to lobby, "The four fields are like a city, often under the fragrant trees, or between the gardens, listing cups and plates, persuading each other, and the songs and dancers of the capital are all over the garden pavilions, and they return at dusk." He remembered the sweetness of urban life in late spring like a dream and said, "Peonies, peonies, begonias, and woody incense are all on the market, and the flower sellers use horse-head bamboo baskets to lay out, and the sound of singing is strange and audible." The sunny curtain quiet courtyard, the dawn curtain high-rise building, the hangover has not woken up, and the first dream is awake".

According to "Tokyo Menghualu", in order to meet the prolongation of citizens' nightlife, in order to pursue more commercial interests, the long-term "night ban" under the original fang market system was naturally canceled, and "night market", "morning market" and "ghost market" appeared in Kaifeng City. The night market of all kinds of shops until the end of the third watch, the fifth watch is reopened; if the lively place is known, it is endless; and some tea houses are lit up and opened every day on the fifth watch, and Boyi buys and sells clothes, pictures, garlands, collar wipes, etc., and disperses at dawn, which is called the ghost market.

The author also used a lot of pen and ink to record the "hundred arts" of the people and the court in Tokyo at that time, and opened up the "Kyowa Performing Arts" at a glance, detailing the pomp and circumstance of the Golan Sheds and the expertise of each artist. The book also describes the court workshop, military registration, male and female musicians, riders, and teams, especially the performance of the Kasuga court women's polo team under Baojin, and the application of gunpowder to "gods and ghosts" and "pantomime" to increase the effect, etc., leaving a valuable record in the history of China's "hundred arts". The book's knowledge of the origins of Zhugong tunes, the names of the arts, the history of the arts, and the classification of novels have also attracted the attention of scholars who study the history of Chinese opera, novels, and acrobatics.

Volume 8 records: Dragon Boat Festival objects, Baisuo, mugwort, silver-like drums, flowers and flowers, fan-painted fans, fragrant candy seeds, small zongzi, and white balls. Perilla, calamus, papaya, and all of them are cut into mushrooms, mixed with incense and medicine, and wrapped in plum red boxes. Since May 1 and the day before the Dragon Boat Festival, peaches, willows, sunflowers, pampas leaves, and Buddha Dao Ai are sold. The next day, the house is spread at the head of the door, and the five-color water ball, tea and wine are offered. He nailed the Ai people to the door, and the shishu handed them a feast. [2]

Historical value edit

The book "Tokyo Menghualu" has a detailed record and detailed discussion of the socio-economic and cultural life of the Han city in Bianjing during the reign of Emperor Huizong Zhenghe and Xuanhe, leaving a large number of valuable materials for future generations to explore the life of residents of all walks of life in Bianjing City in that era. Since it was published in Lin'an in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, it has been valued by people. Literati and writers in feudal society, when talking about the history of Tokyo in the late Northern Song Dynasty, they all cited this book first, such as Zhao Fuzhi's "History of Zhongxing", Chen Yuanliang's "Guangji of the Year" and Tao Zongyi's "Shuo Xuan", and some of the materials in this book are selected. In modern times, because the content reflected in it has a high value of socio-economic and cultural history, it has attracted the attention of many scholars and experts engaged in various historical studies at home and abroad, and has been quoted and used by each other. People often regard this book as sister works to the Riverside Scene during the Qingming Festival, both of which are of great significance for the investigation and study of the history of urban economic development in the Northern Song Dynasty.

"Tokyo Menghualu" created a new genre of notes to describe the customs and customs of Han cities, and was used in similar works such as "Capital Jisheng", "Menglianglu", "Wulin Old Things", "Rumenglu", and "Continuation of Tokyo Menghualu" that reflected the capital of Lin'an in the Southern Song Dynasty. [1]

Catalogue editing

Preface: Menghualu Preface, Volume 1, Volume 2

Volume III, Volume IV, Volume V, Volume VI

Volume VII, Volume VIII, Volume IX, Volume 10

Appendix Epilogue [3]

About the author Editor

Meng Yuanlao (birth and death year to be examined), known as Youlan Jushi, a native of Kaifeng Mansion in Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan) in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a writer. According to the "Song Hui Yao Manuscript" and the works of Su Zhe and others, it can be known that he was Meng Yue, a clansman of Meng Changling, a scholar of Baohedian University in the Northern Song Dynasty, who served as Yicao of Kaifeng Prefecture and lived in Tokyo (now Kaifeng) for more than 20 years at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. Jin destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty, Meng Yuan Lao crossed to the south, often remembered the prosperity of Tokyo, and wrote "Tokyo Menghualu" in the 17th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1147), with his own preface. [2]

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