Lu Xun

Lu Xun's life

Lu Xun (1881-1936) was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. A great writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China. Lu Xun's original name was Zhou Shuren, the word Zhangshou, and the name Yucai; "Lu Xun" was a pen name used after he joined the May Fourth and May Fourth Movement, and because of his growing influence, people used to call him Lu Xun.

Lu Xun, born on September 25, 1882 in a family of feudal scholars in Fangkou, Duchang, Shaoxing, enlightened at the age of 7, studied at the age of 12 in the Sanwei Library, diligent and inquisitive, well-read and memorized, read wild history notes and folk literature books in his spare time, and had a strong interest in the art of painting, and since then laid a solid cultural foundation. He was not confined to the Four Books and the Five Classics, but sought extracurricular reading materials in many ways and worked hard to master historical and cultural knowledge.

Shaoxing's long history and splendid culture, especially the moral articles of many Vietnamese and Chinese sages, have greatly influenced and influenced Lu Xun's thoughts. When Lu Xun was a teenager, his grandfather was imprisoned for the Kechang case, his father died of illness, and the family fell from there. Lu Xun changed from the eldest grandson of a feudal scholar family to a son of a broken household. A series of major changes suffered by the family made the young Lu Xun suffer from the warmth and coldness of the world, see the "true face of the world", and realize the decay and decline of feudal society. Lu Xun's mother, Lu Rui, the daughter of a farmer, had a noble character and had a great influence on Lu Xun.

In the spring of 1898, Lu Xun left his hometown, full of new hope in life, and was admitted to the Nanjing Jiangnan Naval Academy. He had extensive contact with Western natural and social sciences, read the "Shi Ji Bao" and read the "Theory of Heavenly Evolution", and was deeply influenced by the reform trend and the theory of evolution, and initially formed the concept of social development that "the future will be better than the past, and the young will be better than the old."

In 1902, Lu Xun graduated with honors and was sent to Japan to study by the government. He first studied Japanese at Kobun Gakuin in Tokyo, and then at Sendai Medical College. Deeply influenced by the wave of the bourgeois-democratic revolution, he actively threw himself into the torrent of the anti-Qing revolution, and in his spare time, he "went to the guild hall, ran the bookstore, went to the rally, and listened to lectures", and made an oath that "I recommend Xuanyuan with my blood". In 1906, in the face of the facts, Lu Xun felt the weakness of his compatriots in China and realized the importance of changing the national character, so he resolutely abandoned medicine and followed literature, took a decisive step on the road of life, chose literature and art, and used the pen as his fighting weapon to save the country and the people. He participated in the preparation of the literary magazine "New Life", and wrote "The History of Man", "Teaching the History of Science", "The Theory of Cultural Bias", "Moro Poetic Theory" and other important early papers. Lu Xun believed that China's serious problems lie in people, not in things; in spirit, not in material, in individuality, not in "people"; in order to "build a country," we must first "establish people," and the key to "building people" lies in the awakening of individuality and the invigoration of spirit.

On the eve of the Xinhai Revolution, Lu Xun returned to the motherland and first taught at the Zhejiang Two-level Normal School in Hangzhou, serving as a teacher of chemistry and physiology, and then returned to his hometown of Shaoxing, where he served as a supervisor and naturalist teacher of Shaoxing Fu Middle School, and a supervisor (principal) of the Shanhui Junior Normal School. On the one hand, he taught and educated people and cultivated young people, and on the other hand, he actively participated in the Xinhai Revolution. He led the literary group "Yue She" in his hometown and supported the establishment of "Yue Duo Daily". At the beginning of 1912, Lu Xun was invited by Cai Yuanpei, the chief of education, to serve in the Ministry of Education of the Nanjing Provisional Government, and soon moved to Beijing with the Ministry of Education, where he served as the head of the first section of the Department of Social Education, and was successively employed as a part-time lecturer in some institutions of higher learning such as Peking University, Beijing Higher Normal School, and Beijing Women's Higher Normal School.

After the victory of the October Revolution in Russia, Lu Xun was deeply encouraged, and together with Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, and many other advanced intellectuals at that time, he wrote articles and ran magazines, which opened the prelude to the May Fourth Movement in China. He stood in the forefront of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal activities, actively advocated new culture, new ideas, and new morality, and violently attacked the old culture, old ideas, and old morals that had existed for thousands of years. In 1918, he published the first vernacular "Diary of a Madman" in the history of modern literature in China, ruthlessly exposing the cannibalistic nature of China's thousands of years of feudal society through symbolic artistic techniques, and strongly indicting the evils of feudal etiquette and feudal patriarchal system. After that, Lu Xun "could not be retracted", and with a completely uncompromising attitude, he wrote many essays, essays, and commentaries such as "Kong Yiji", "Medicine", and "The True Story of Ah Q", thus becoming the pioneer of the May Fourth Movement and the founder of modern Chinese literature.

In the summer of 1926, Lu Xun left Beijing, where the Beiyang warlords were entrenched, and went south to Xiamen, where he served as a professor in the Department of Chinese Literature at Xiamen University and a professor at the Academy of Chinese Studies. At the beginning of 1927, Lu Xun went to Guangzhou, the center of the revolution at that time, and served as the head of the Chinese Department of Sun Yat-sen University, and at the same time served as the director of academic affairs. In April of the same year, a counter-revolutionary coup took place, and Lu Xun withstood the test of bloody wind and rain, and resigned in anger because of the failure to rescue the students. In the face of the lesson of blood, Lu Xun's outlook on social development formed in his early years underwent profound changes, he severely dissected his own thoughts, corrected the "bias" of only believing in the theory of evolution in the past, and since then, the development of his thinking has entered a new starting point.

In the mid-20s, he participated in the establishment of the weekly magazine "Mangyuan", the weekly magazine "Yuxi" and the literary society Suenmeisha. At the beginning of 1927, he went to Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou to serve as the head of the Department of Literature and the director of academic affairs. In August 1927, he became a professor at Xiamen University.

In October 1927, Lu Xun went to Shanghai, where he settled down and concentrated on the revolutionary literary and artistic movement. In 1928, he and Yu Dafu founded the magazine "Rushing Stream". In 193O, the Chinese Left-wing Writers' Union was founded, and he was one of the initiators and main leaders, and successively edited important literary journals such as "Sprout", "Outpost", "Shiyu Street", and "Translation". He participated in and led many revolutionary associations, such as the Chinese Left-wing Writers' Union, the China Freedom Movement Alliance, and the China Civil Rights Protection League. He edited many periodicals, such as "The Outpost", "Rushing Stream", and "Sprout Monthly", and united and led the vast number of revolutionary and progressive literary and artistic workers in a-for-tat struggle against imperialism, feudalism, and the Kuomintang government and its royal literati. He fought with resilience and wrote hundreds of essays. These essays, like daggers and spears, have made a special contribution to the counter-cultural "encirclement and suppression." He had close contacts with the Communists and resolutely supported the CPC's anti-Japanese national united front policy. Referring to himself as a "fire stealer", he is committed to cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, and advocates the emerging woodcut movement. He cared about young people, cultivated young people, and devoted a lot of effort to the growth of young writers.

On October 19, 1936, Lu Xun died at the age of 55 in his apartment in Mainland New Village, Shanghai.

Lu Xun wrote a poem "Self-deprecation", two of which are "Heng Mei coldly pointed at a thousand husbands, bowed his head and was willing to be a son of a cow", which is a true portrayal of his life.

Lu Xun wrote more than 8 million words of translation in his lifetime, and many of his works, such as "The Scream", "Hesitation", "Wild Grass", "Morning Flowers and Sunset", have been translated into English, Russian, German, French, Japanese, Esperanto and other languages, and are well-known all over the world. "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" is a precious spiritual wealth he left to the Chinese people and the people of all countries in the world.

See Baidu Encyclopedia for details

1. Introduction

Lu Xun (September 25, 1881 - October 19, 1936), formerly known as Zhou Zhangshou, later renamed Zhou Shuren, the word Yushan, later changed to Yucai, "Lu Xun" is the pen name he used when he published "Diary of a Madman" in 1918, and it is also his most influential pen name, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. He is a well-known writer, thinker, and fighter for democracy, an important participant in the May Fourth New Culture Movement, and the founder of modern Chinese literature.

Throughout his life, Lu Xun has made significant contributions in many fields such as literary creation, literary criticism, ideological research, literary history research, translation, introduction of art theory, introduction of basic science, and collation and research of ancient books. He had a great influence on the development of Chinese society, ideology and culture after the May Fourth Movement, and was well-known in the world literary circles, especially in the ideological and cultural fields of South Korea and Japan.

2. Works

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"The Scream" was published by Beijing Xinchao Society in August 1923

"Hesitation", August 1926, Beijing Beixin Book Company

A New Story, 1936, Shanghai Cultural Life Publishing House

Essay Collection

Lu Xun's uncollected and published essays created during his lifetime were published by Cai Yuanpei and Xu Guangping after his death and included in the first edition of Lu Xun's complete works, but the time was in a hurry, and it was inevitable that the pearls would be lost, in 1948 and 1952, Tang Tao sorted out and published the "Lu Xun Complete Works Addendum" and "Lu Xun Complete Works Addendum Continuation", these articles were later included in various editions of Lu Xun's complete works in different classification ways, and there were many titles for these articles in these complete works, and the following are all based on the 2005 edition of "Lu Xun's Complete Works" by the People's Literature Publishing House The name taken shall prevail.

3. Evaluation

After Lu Xun's death, Yu Dafu once said, "A nation that does not know that revering great men is a pathetic nation." This is the outstanding insight and deep regret of Lu Xun's contemporaries. Yu Dafu commented on Lu Xun, "A nation without a great figure is the most pitiful group of creatures in the world; a country with a great man who does not know how to support, love, and admire is a gang of slaves without hope." ”

1. Character profile Lu Xun (September 25, 1881 - October 19, 1936), formerly known as Zhou Zhangshou, later renamed Zhou Shuren, the word Yushan, later changed to Yucai,

"Lu Xun" is the pen name he used when he published "Diary of a Madman" in 1918, and it is also his most influential pen name, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang.

He is a well-known writer, thinker, and fighter for democracy, an important participant in the May Fourth New Culture Movement, and the founder of modern Chinese literature.

2. Character AchievementsLu Xun has made significant contributions in many fields such as literary creation, literary criticism, ideological research, literary history research, translation, introduction of art theory, introduction of basic science, and ancient book collation and research.

He has had a great influence on the development of Chinese society's ideology and culture after the May Fourth Movement, and is well-known in the world literary circles, especially in South Korea and Japan

"The writer who occupies the largest territory on the cultural map of East Asia in the twentieth century". 3. Character InfluenceLu Xun is a cultural giant in the 20th century, and he has made great contributions in many fields such as prose, essays, woodcuts, modern poetry, old style poetry, translation of famous works, ancient book collation and modern scholarship.

As the great founder of modern Chinese literature, Lu Xun created one of the few new forms of China, and his prose was even more important

He "shows the achievements of the literary revolution"; the essay style he created is full of modernity, freedom, criticism and militancy, and is the most commonly used by later writers

"Weapon of Criticism", his essays are more Chinese society, politics, history, law, religion, morality, philosophy, literature, art, and even cultural psychology, folk nature, folk feelings, and folk customs······ Encyclopedia.

Almost all Chinese writers have developed different aspects of literary styles and styles on the basis of Lu Xun's creation.

As a translator, he has translated a large number of foreign literary works, scientific and natural works, and has made great contributions to the enlightenment of people's wisdom and the introduction of advanced scientific and cultural ideas.

As an art lover, Lu Xun introduced a large number of Western woodcuts and prints, and supported young people to learn woodcut and printmaking art in spiritual, theoretical and spiritual aspects, which greatly promoted the spread and development of modern woodcut and printmaking in modern China and made outstanding contributions to the cause of modern Chinese art.