This, what's going on?"

"The electrons passed through the aluminum foil, which is not too thin. ”

As soon as the mage's words fell, he was immediately scolded by the mage next to him: "Are you stupid? No matter how thin the aluminum foil is, it is also a dense layer, no, it is many layers of atoms, since the electrons can pass through, it means that there are gaps between these atoms that are farther than imagined, no, no, aluminum foil is a solid and not a gas, which means... There are gaps inside atoms that are larger than we think. ”

The mage who was scolded did not dare to continue to speak until he made a common-sense mistake, silently bowing his head.

The mages below began to discuss one after another, and the voices became louder and louder, and Jia Yi did not speak on the stage with interest, and waited until the discussion below became a little smaller before he continued to speak.

"If we look at these photosensitive papers, there are the most electrons producing light spots on the photosensitive paper after the aluminum foil, and in the other directions, the number of electrons scattered is much less. This means that the inside of the atom is not dense, but there are a lot of voids, which of course may also be due to the fact that the mass of the electron is too small and the volume is too small. If we follow the model proposed by Master Bruch, that is, the mass of the atoms is evenly distributed within the atoms, there is only a few gaps left for these electrons to pass through. ”

After listening to Jiayi's explanation, everyone slowly reacted that this experiment could not explain anything. I saw that Jia Yi took out another piece of gold leaf and said: "When we were studying radioactive materials, we found three kinds of rays, one is electrons, and the other two are positively charged and the other is uncharged.

After listening to Jiayi's narration, your mage will focus on Jiayi's experiment again.

The helium nucleus is the alpha ray, which is composed of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, and soon these rays hit the gold leaf, and most of the helium nuclei passed through the gold leaf, but soon, they observed the helium nucleus that was deflected at a large angle.

"If, according to Master Bruch's model, the internal mass of the atoms is evenly distributed, then this kind of large-angle reflection should not exist, like if you shoot a sharp arrow and it is bounced back by an ordinary piece of paper. ”

This is not impossible, but the conditions are harsh, and it takes many scattering to achieve this effect, which is far from what is observed. They don't see many large-angle reflections now, only one of thousands of particle streams is reflected at a large angle, but that's a lot compared to the chance of multiple scattering.

"If the mass of our gold nucleus is evenly divided within the nucleus, the mass within the atom alone cannot stop the helium atoms and, let alone catapult them back. According to our calculations, if we want to launch a helium atomic bomb back, we need to concentrate all the mass in the atom to one point. ”

Kaichi gave them some time to react and paused for a moment before continuing, "This shows that there should be a dense nucleus inside the atom, and this nucleus concentrates most of the mass inside the atom. ”

"Nuclei?" a mage stood up, "if the masses are all concentrated together, then how are the electrons distributed?"

"The electron orbit, in my vision, should be like a planet around the sun, with electrons constantly orbiting the nucleus. The electromagnetic force that sustains the electrons around the nucleus of an atom is like the gravitational pull that pulls planets. ”

The mage below still had questions, but before he could say anything, Kaichi continued: "But the electromagnetic force alone cannot meet the stability requirements of the electric field force between positive and negative charges, so I think that electrons do not simply revolve around the nucleus, but are divided into energy levels with different orbits. The electrons move in a circular motion around the nucleus in some specific possible orbits, and the farther away from the nucleus the higher the energy, and when the electrons move in these orbits, the atoms do not emit nor absorb energy, and only when the electrons jump from one orbital to another, the atoms emit or absorb energy..."

Before the other party's question was raised, he plugged this loophole, making the other party a little uncomfortable, and said "I don't have any problems for the time being", and sat down sullenly.

What he said is actually the Bohr model of the atom, which is considered to be a step in place for the atomic structure, in middle school, the textbook is the Bohr model, this theory is extended to the number of electrons in each orbital, the number of outermost electrons makes a variety of different electrons reflect different properties, the outermost electron number is the same, showing similar chemical properties, that is, the same family.

But this time Jiayi didn't throw this out, he wanted to come little by little, so that everyone could have a process of slowly adapting, and maybe other people could also find out about this.

In fact, in terms of quantum theory, the Bohr model is of course not perfect, because electrons also have wave-particle duality, and do not necessarily exist in the form of particles inside the atom, so there is no orbital. There is a theory that the electron is a probability cloud inside the atom, but when it collapses, it will appear in the orbit, which means that the electron has an orbit.

But this argument is too far ahead of its time, and now even Planck's constant has not come out, and the question of blackbody radiation has not been completely solved, and it is too early to put forward this concept, and it is too difficult to accept.

The reason why the Bohr model is used in the curriculum of secondary schools is that it is easier to understand, although it is a classic model that has been widely circulated for a long time, it has not existed in the scientific community for a long time, and it has been replaced by the subsequent electron cloud model. But this model is a good approximation until Jiayi crosses. Although his diagram of the atomic structure is outdated, it is so vivid that it has always been the standard style in the minds of the public, and even represents the image of science.

It wasn't until the end of the 80s that the streets of China were full of models of the elliptical orbits of several electrons around an atom and orbits, and even on the covers of some textbooks, until the end of the 90s, when they finally began to disappear, perhaps someone began to realize the problem.

Regardless of the flaws of his model, compared to other atomic models, it is already a very complete theory, but when it is put forward now, not everyone can immediately accept it.

As soon as Jia finished speaking, the mages below began to discuss in a boiling light, especially the part about the electromagnetic force. However, Jiayi's proposal was too abrupt, and everyone did not prepare in detail, and there was no too fierce rebuttal for a while.

But some people have a faint sense that this theory has a bit of a shadow of wanting to overturn the Magnay equation.

When Kaichi walked down, Magnay walked over first and asked with a smile, "How do you explain the electromagnetic radiation generated by the movement of electrons around the nucleus?"

Jia Yi shook his head helplessly: "This is currently unexplainable. I just hope that someone will be able to solve it in the future, I don't have an idea for the time being. ”

He didn't actually intend to explain that in the transition from quantum states to classical electromagnetic theory, at any given time, the two systems have a definite corresponding state.

Magnay didn't believe that he had no clue, and in his video Kaichi always said that one point was left for three points, but he just smiled and didn't speak.

Magni came over and said, "I heard that you have been studying blackbody radiation a lot some time ago? Why are you now turning to the atomic structure again? ”

Jia Yi hurriedly said: "I haven't actually put it down in terms of blackbody radiation, this is the result of my research. ”

As he spoke, he took out a stack of manuscript paper and handed it over, densely filled with calculations.

Magni frowned when he took it, although it was not the first time he had seen it, but no matter how many times he read it, he would feel that Jiayi's words were ugly, which made Magni, a mage who had been trained by the elite since childhood, not very accustomed to it. But when she thought of Jia Yi's age and achievements, she immediately forgave him, after all, no one is perfect, and the ugly handwriting made her feel like a normal person.