Portrait and anecdotal account of Yuan Chonghuan

·Habitable·

Yuan Chonghuan (1584~1630), a native of Dongguan (now Dongguan, Guangdong). In the forty-seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1619), he was awarded the magistrate of Shaowu County, Fujian. Later, the official went to the governor of Liaodong, and he fought in the battle array, worked hard, and served as the right servant of the military department. The heir was not attached to Wei Zhongxian. In April of the first year of Chongzhen (1628), he was the secretary of the military department, supervising Ji, Liao, and supervising the military affairs of Deng, Lai, and Tianjin. In the following year, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty set up a counter-plan, and Emperor Chongzhen believed it, and bound Chonghuan to prison in December of the second year of Chongzhen, and was imprisoned in August of the following year. See the biography of Yuan Chonghuan in "History of the Ming Dynasty". Regarding Yuan's academic performance and victimization, the information collected in the first and second episodes of "Yuan Chonghuan's Data Collection" edited by Yan Chongnian and Yu Sanle published in recent years is more detailed.

Due to the tightening of the border affairs in eastern Liaodong at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Chonghuan was in the army, and later died unjustly, and he may not make portraits during the war, and some of them are difficult to preserve. The images and materials recorded in the "Collected Information of Yuan Chonghuan" include the following:

1. "Master Yuan's Horse Temple", "One is behind the Three Realms Temple in Shuinan (Zhou Zhi), after the death of Yuan Chonghuan in the third year of Chongzhen, the villager Chen Richang and others sympathized with his grievances, and the picture was missing in the back hall of the Three Realms Temple before his death. The first year of Yongzheng of the national dynasty is easy to figure and like a picture, and it still exists in the temple today. The "missing picture" mentioned in the quotation has long been missing, and its content is not questionable. Judging from the meaning of the word "easy to figure and like picture", it seems to take the portrait instead of the old picture, and the Republic of China's "Dongguan County Chronicle" is said to be the first year of Yongzheng, "the first increase in the statue in the back hall", which is recorded and different. This is the earliest record of Yuan Chonghuan's imagery.

2. In the early years of the Republic of China, the "Yuan Inspector Temple" was built in Beijing. Zhang Jiangju's "Records of the Temple of Inspector Yuan" records that in the middle of the temple, "the stone carving of the main Inspector Yuan, the eyebrows are vivid, and it is awe-inspiring." Its stone statue hangs a forehead, Yan said, 'listen to the rain', is the superintendent's self-written ink. "Yuan's stone carving, the beginning of the name here.

3. Journal of National Quintessence, Vol. 46, No. 4, 1910, with the bibliographic Portrait of Inspector Yuan of the Ming Dynasty.

4. The Chinese History Museum has a "True Portrait of Inspector Yuan Chonghuan of the Ming Dynasty", vertical scroll, paper. "Like a red robe, sitting on a tiger skin chair, trimming eyebrows and handsome eyes, like life. The upper inscription: 'Mr. Yuan Yuan's true image', and the book: 'Yi Hou Xue Chen Botao respects the title'. It was originally in the collection of the Dongguan Guild Hall, and the inscription was "Ding Si (1917) Qingming Day, Dongguan Guild Hall was transferred to the Guangdong Guild Hall for preservation". This image is printed on the frontispiece of the first episode of the "Yuan Chonghuan Information Collection".

In addition to the stone carvings, only one frame of the original work is known to be in the possession of the Chinese History Museum. In addition, the author purchased the engraved copy of "The Deeds of Inspector Yuan" by Wu Chongyao in the Daoguang Room, which has a lot of annotations, and the handwriting of the two people is reviewed. One is that the small characters are very worked, and the quotation is prudent, which is the handwriting of scholars, and it is a pity to lose the name. The other is the annotation of Chen Hanyuan in Dongguan, and the title page is also Chen's handwriting, the writing is mediocre, and there is a reference office from time to time. This book has a page of Yuan Chonghuan's portrait painted according to the original large size of the book, with a height of 18.5 cm and a width of 11.2 cm, painted on paper. The picture shows that Yuan is wearing a red jade belt and sitting upright, with handsome eyebrows, big ears, three locks of beard hanging down his chest, and a solemn expression. This figure is similar to the portraits in the collection of the History Museum, and it must have the same origin. This illustration is very good for the brush, the eyebrows are all visible, the beautiful jade on the black gauze crown is written, and the dragon pattern of the reckless robe and the jade belt and other ornaments, all with a fine brush painted with gold, the composition is exquisite, the image is vivid, and it should come from the pen of the master of portrait painting. The paper and ink of the picture book are very old, and it may be that when Chen Hanyuan reloaded the book in the Tongzhi period, Qian Danqing's family painted and bound it into the book. At the beginning of the painting, the inscription "Portrait of Inspector Yuan Xiangchou" was pasted on it. Xiang Shu is a nickname. Kuang Lu's "Qiao Ya" collection of "Staying in the Capital to Gift Liang Feixin" The original note of the poem "Leaving the Capital to Gift Liang Feixin" said: "Fei Xin is a heavy guest of Inspector Yuan. The superintendent sees the law with solitary loyalty, and the world is wronged. After 12 years (i.e., the 14th year of Chongzhen, 1641), he was given the same dynasty as Feixin. Fei Xin is in charge, and Yu is in the history museum, soothing his grievances, and serving the lord and giving the funeral. It is not a true believer. "Yes, in the later period of Chongzhen, the imperial court has defended it, and the annals are lost, and there is no such thing as a name. It is recorded in volume 28 of the "Outer Edition of the Qi Pavilion Collection" that Quan Zuwang said in the article "After the History of the Ming Dynasty and the Biography of Yuan Chonghuan"": "There are already people in the southern capital who have asked for mercy for Chonghuan, but they have not been implemented. King Gui contended for it in Guangdong. Those who will come from the north, according to the (Qing) Taizong file, Xue Chonghuan's injustice, the beginning of the reinstatement, and the blessing of Xiang. See my hometown Gao Wuxuan's "Yutai Collection". It can be known that Xiangshu was awarded by Nanming Yong for a long time. Yes, in the fourteenth year of Chongzhen and Yongli, he has defended Chonghuan successively. Yu Qianlong defended it by saying that one was due to the political needs of the Qing court, and the subjects of the two could only echo the statement of the Qing government, and the official revision of the "History of the Ming Dynasty" was taboo for Yuan Chonghuan and would not record the facts. Then examine the title in detail "Inspector Yuan Xiangchou Gong Portrait" eight characters, is Chen Botao's book, and there is a brush book red paper invitation in the book, which is also Chen's handwriting. Chen Botao Zizi, late hidden in the Jiulong Mountains, self-named Jiulong Zhenyi, born in the Qing Dynasty Xianfeng five years (1855), died in the 21st year of the Republic of China, Dongguan. Chen Hanyuan was born as Daoguang and Tongzhi, and his portrait was re-bound in the book "The Deeds of Yuan Inspector" in the Tongzhi period, and the portrait of this volume should be inscribed by Bo Tao in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and the image of Chonghuan should be painted before the book was bound in the ninth year of Tongzhi. This small portrait of the color picture book, and the "Libo" collection are both inscribed by Chen Botao, I don't know which order?

Regarding Yuan Chonghuan's sparse manuscript and other inheritances, there is a story worth quoting. Chongzhen was unjustly killed in the third year of Chongzhen, and there were people in his subordinates and old acquaintances who risked death and were willing to accompany the crime. Cheng Benzhi (rehabilitation), Yu Dacheng (Jisheng) and others have a close relationship with Yuan Chonghuan, and their actions are described in the "Yuan Chonghuan Information Collection". And the story of Cheng and Yu's two families depends on Yuan Chonghuan's staff to pass it on. Wang Yubiao is the owner of the Fungus Pavilion, a native of Shanyin (now Shanyin, Zhejiang). During the Chongzhen period, Yu An Nai raised people, tasted in the Chonghuan curtain, and was friendly with Panyu Qu. After Wang's death, Dajun wrote "Mr. Wang Yu'an's Mourning" to briefly remember his person, and told Wang about Yuan Chonghuan's injustice. This article is included in the tenth volume of the Kangxi engraving book "Wengshan Wen Banknotes" in the biography to Xi, which records that Yuan's affairs are beyond the reach of his book. Here are some excerpts:

Mr. Yu tasted Yu and said: "There is a great Sima Yuan Gong Chonghuan in the township of Yu." Fang Qi supervised the thistle and Liao, and gave all living beings to live under the curtain. It is the loyalty and diligence of the country, and it is known to the only one. It must not die in the feudal territory, but in the portal, and the world may not know it. The arrogant Sima died, and the Liao affair could not be done. In the past 30 years, every time I think about it, I have not been sad to gnaw my teeth at the power of the day. Da Sima has no children, and his sparse manuscript and Yu Jisheng, Cheng Gengsheng's lawsuit and grievances are sparse, and he has been in Tibet for a long time, and now he will give his son, which is the choice of other Japanese history, and what can it be?"

Regarding the posthumous text of Chonghuan and the circulation of Cheng and Yu Er's white grievances, it was rarely humane in the past, and this news was transmitted through the article of Dajun, and it was known that the texts of Yuan Shishu and Cheng Benzhi's "Jisheng Ji" and Yu Dacheng's "Liver Section" collected in Wu Chongyao's book "The Deeds of Yuan Inspector" may have been derived from Qu Dajun's old collection. Qu Wen also remembered Wang's feelings when he recounted the past, saying:

...... Parting, hee, whimpering, recovering to the hand and saying: "When the funeral is chaotic, you can't die, not only ashamed of the nine princes of my hometown, but also unable to see Yuan Da Sima." When Da Sima was arrested, he was given a death to show his injustice, and he was guaranteed by ten mouths, and God forgave or returned, so that Da Sima had to redeem himself for meritorious service, then Liao Shi Shu could do a few things, and I was weak and couldn't, depressed so far, and regretted it. However, the grass was sparse, and it was adopted into the biography of the Great Sima Lie, so that future generations would know its loyalty, and I also reported to the Great Sima Ye. ”

The above two quotations from Qu's text are both recorded from Kangxi's "Weng Shan Wen Yuan". This article is intended to redress Chonghuan's grievances, but the Weng Shan Wen Yuan is a banned book in the Qing Dynasty, and the biography is far less than that of Kuang Lu's Qiao Ya, and its influence may not be widespread, so it is transcribed for the reference of researchers.