According to the record of "The Book of Rites, Ming Tang Position", in a very early legend, there was a "clay drum" at the time of the "Yiqi clan", that is, a drum made of clay. Because the drum has a good resonance effect, the sound is agitated and majestic and spreads far away, so it was used by the Chinese ancestors as a cheer for the army very early. Legend has it that in the battle of Zhuolu, where the Yellow Emperor conquered Chiyou, "the Yellow Emperor killed Kui, used his skin as a drum, and heard five hundred" ("Taiping Yulan" volume 582 quoted in "Imperial Century").

The war drums of ancient times were made of crocodile skin, and the drum skin was made of crocodile skin, which was taken from the fierce habits of crocodiles to strengthen the drum sound. In the Zhou Dynasty, according to the "Zhou Li: Local Officials Situ", "drum people" have been specially set up to manage drum making, drumming and other things. Drummers manage drums for various purposes, such as thunder drums for rituals, spirit drums, and jin drums in bands. Among them, the one specially used for military affairs is called "Fen (sound) drum", according to the explanation of "Shuowen", this is a kind of big drum with a length of eight feet, a drum surface of four feet, and two sides of the drum. In addition, road drums, Jin drums, etc. were also used in the military, and these drums later developed into various specifications of war drums, which were widely used in the military.

2 Source history edition

In ancient times, the drum was revered as an artifact that reached the heavens, mainly as a sacrificial instrument. Drums are widely used in hunting campaigns. Drums as musical instruments began in the Zhou Dynasty. In the Zhou Dynasty, there were eight tones, and the drum was the leader of the group sounds, and the so-called "drum and qin se" in ancient documents meant that before the qin was played, there was a drum as a guide. The cultural connotation of the drum is broad and profound, and the majestic drum sound closely accompanies human beings, and the ancient wilderness is moving towards civilization step by step. Folk celebrations can be gongs and drums, and Ya can enter the temple to worship and court banquets. From the original clay drums, clay drums, leather drums, and copper drums, to a wide variety of modern drums, the drum is one of the most loved and widely used musical instruments. There is a view that the earliest drums should have been used by ancient ancestors, clay pots, clay pots and other living utensils evolved, and the unearthed clay drums proved that as early as 7,000 years ago the Neolithic Age began to have the manufacture of clay drums. The pottery drum, also known as the clay drum, is made of clay fired into a drum frame and then covered with animal leather. In our country, the tradition of making pottery drums with tiles as a frame has been followed for a long time. The drum (i.e., "rattle") was introduced to the Central Plains from the remote areas in the northwest, and the waist drum was introduced into China from the Western Regions, and was widely popular in the Tang Dynasty.

The appearance of the drum was relatively early, and judging from the unearthed cultural relics found today, it can be determined that the drum has a history of about 4,500 years (taking the earthen drum unearthed from the early tomb of the Xiangfen Tao Temple site in Shanxi Province as an example). In ancient times, the drum was not only used for sacrifices, music and dance, but also for striking enemies, driving away fierce beasts, and was a tool to tell the time and call the police. With the development of society, the application range of drums is more extensive, and drum instruments are inseparable from national bands, various dramas, operas, songs and dances, boat races, lion dances, festive gatherings, labor competitions, etc. The structure of the drum is relatively simple, and it is composed of two parts: the drum skin and the drum body. The drum skin is the articulatory body of the drum, which is usually covered with animal leather on the drum frame and vibrated by beating or beating to produce sound. There are many varieties of Chinese drum instruments, including waist drums, big drums, same drums, flower pot drums, etc.

3 Traditional developments, edited

China, along with Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt and ancient India, is the earliest birthplace of drums in the world. Historically, Chinese drums have been transmitted to neighboring countries, such as Korea and Japan, and many foreign drums have also been absorbed. In the Central Plains, traditional Chinese drums are the mainstream, and the drums of ethnic minorities in the border areas are influenced by both traditional drums and foreign drums, especially Arab and Indian drums.

Most of the traditional Chinese drums originated from the Central Plains, and there were more than 20 kinds of drums before the Qin and Han dynasties. Although they are different in size and height, they are almost all thick and cylindrical. It was used in poetry, music, and dance, as well as in labor, sacrifices, wars, and ceremonies. From the Qin, Han and Qing dynasties, almost all the original traditional drums in the Central Plains have been preserved and developed, and the foreign drums dominated by Arabia and India, although they have been popular in the Central Plains for a long time and have an important position, but in the later period, they gradually declined and even disappeared, leaving only some ominous records in the literature, such as eaves drums, Qi drums, Jilou drums, kara drums, Tara drums, Dutan drums, Maoyuan drums, etc.

4 Drums & Ethnic Editions

There are mainly the following types of drums popular among various ethnic groups in China.

Tiger bird drum set

(Unearthed from the Chu tomb in Jiangling, Hubei)

Tiger bird drum set

(1) Jingpo people increase their territory, also known as the big long drum. The body of the drum is hollowed out in a section of giant wood about 3 meters long, and the double mask is tightened with leather strips. Place on two beams or hang on a wooden frame. Two people each hit one head, or sit on a drum, or dance while hitting. It is often used for outdoor large-scale singing and dancing accompaniment. (2) Dong Dagu Gong. The drum frame is dug with a whole section of logs, about 100 cm long, about 50 cm in diameter, covered with cowhide on both sides, slightly larger at the waist, and large iron rings on both sides. Hanging in the drum tower, it is only used for festivals and gathering people to discuss important matters. Cylindrical drum shape.

Thick waist barrel drum

(1) Big drums. The diameter of the large tympanic membrane used by the band is about 50~100 cm, and the upper and lower are covered with cowhide. Usually placed on a drum stand, double mallet percussion. It is used for instrumental ensembles and accompaniment for dance and opera. The festival is performed with a large tympanic membrane diameter of more than 100 cm, and is played by one or more people with two hammers. (2) Tang drum, also known as the same drum, also known as the stick drum in the Qing Dynasty. The shape is the same as that of the drum, but it is smaller, and the drum diameter is generally 7, 8, and 10 inches. It is used for instrumental ensembles, accompaniment and solo performances of opera and dance. (3) War drums. The shape is similar to the big drum, but it is lower and shorter, and it is also called a flat drum. The sound is bright, and there are different sizes and specifications. It is mainly used for ensembles, dances, acrobatic troupes and gong and drum teams. (4) Book drums. The body of the drum is flat, the diameter of the drum is 22 cm, the height of the drum is 8.5 cm, and the pronunciation is low and loud. It is placed on a braided rope of a bamboo drum rack. It is an important accompaniment instrument for all kinds of rap music in the north, and the actor holds a bookboard or pear blossom piece in his left hand and a single sign in his right hand to play when singing. (5) Waist drum. According to legend, it evolved from the foreign drums of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The middle of the drum body is thick, the two ends are thin, covered with cowhide or mule skin, and two iron rings are placed on one side of the drum body. There are 4 sizes and sizes, and the pronunciation is crisp. It is often hung by the dancer on the waist and dances while holding a double mallet. It is used in folk Yangge or festivals and welcome ceremonies. (6) Korean small drum grass is high. It is as flat as a book drum, about 25 cm in diameter, and has a handle. It is both a musical instrument and a dance prop, and it is played with the handle in the left hand and the baton in the right hand. I often dance while knocking. (7) Korean round drum. It resembles a Han small drum with a diameter of 37.5 cm. When playing, sit on the ground, tap the beat with your left hand, and strike the drum surface and rim with your right hand with a mallet. (8) Takayama drums. It resembles a Han drum, with a membrane diameter of 24~45 cm, which is used for sacrifices, festivals, weddings, sowing and farmland insect repellent. (9) The Dai drum is light. The mid-waist is slightly thicker and nearly cylindrical, and is placed on a shelf. 1 person can dance while hitting, or 2 people can play together. In the ensemble, one person dances while holding the hammer in the front, and the other person plays with a long strip in the back, making a clattering sound. In the 50s of the 20th century, it was reduced in size and moved to the stage for solo and singing and dancing accompaniment. The big drum of the Zhuang tribe is strong. The shape is like a drum, covered with cowhide on one side, and an iron ring is set in the middle of both sides. When playing, it is placed on the ground and played with a double mallet. It is often used as an accompaniment to festival gong and drum ensembles and lion dances and dragon dances. [1]

Shallow barrel drums

Thin-waisted tubular drum

(1) Single leather drum is also known as plate drum and ring drum. It is spread among the Naxi, Dong, Tujia, Mongolian, Han and other ethnic groups. The drum frame is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, the middle of the drum surface is high and four low, the skin is covered on one side, placed on a wooden frame, and played with 1 or 2 bamboo sticks, and the sound is high-pitched and agitated. It is used for Naxi Dong Jing music, Tujia silk string gongs and drums, Dong wind and percussion band and Han wind and percussion music and opera accompaniment. (2) Drumming, also known as drumming. Thick wooden edges, high in the middle, gradually lower on all sides, covered with cowhide on both sides. When playing, the drum frame stands on one side of the right knee, the drum faces forward, the right wrist supports the upper end of the drum frame, the fingers hold a mahogany or bamboo skewer to strike, and the left hand holds the board to hit the knot. It is used for juban drum or kunqu opera cappella. [2]

Thin-waisted tubular drum

(1) Bee drum. It is popular in Guangxi Zhuang, Yao, Maonan and other ethnic groups. Yongning, Wuming and other places are called Yue drums, Huanjiang Maonan people are called long drums, Fangcheng Yao people are called Runa, and some places are also called horizontal drums, tile drums, waist drums, etc. The drum cavity is made of yellow mud and has two large ends, one end is spherical, and the other end is trumpet-shaped. The middle is as thin as a bee's waist, and the skin is covered on both sides. When playing, the drum rope hangs horizontally in front of the head and neck, or placed on a stand or stool, the left hand holds the cane to hit the spherical end of the drum surface, and the right hand slaps the other end, standing upright, sitting or dancing while playing. It is mainly used for the accompaniment of Shigong opera and Shigong dance. (2) Korean cane drum, also known as long drum. The wooden drum body is thick and hollow at both ends, and the middle section is fine. The size of the drum body at both ends is different, and the pronunciation is different. Place it on a stand or hang it in front of you, hold a slender staff in your right hand and strike it, and divide the two sides of the drum with your left hand and fingers. It is used for long drumming, agricultural dance and instrumental ensemble. [3]

Pedestal drum

Pedestal drum

The elephant's foot drum is popular among the Dai, Wa, Brown, Jingpo, De'ang, Achang, Lahu, Hani and other ethnic groups. Shaped like a goblet, the upper mouth is covered with a mask, and it hangs at the side. Hold the drum with your left hand and alternately pat the drum with your right hand. Dance while hitting and dancing on festivals and festive occasions.

Long barrel-shaped drum (1) Yao long drum. The drum body is slender, the waist is thin and solid, and the double mask hangs diagonally on the waist or the left hand holds the drum waist to play. The large drum is placed on the stand. Singing and dancing for traditional festivals and festive occasions. (2) Wa bamboo drums. It is 100 cm long and made of green bamboo. The upper mouth is covered with skin, the lower end of the bamboo tube is split into a girdle, and the lower part is three-legged. Stand on the ground and strike with a double mallet, or hold the drum in your left hand with the drum facing forward and hold the mallet in your right hand. Used for singing and dancing. (3) Fishing drum, also known as bamboo qin or road tube. On the bamboo tube with a length of 65~100 cm and a diameter of about 13 cm, one end is covered with pig or sheepskin. When used, the left hand is held vertically, and the right hand is slapped against the downward eardrum, which is the accompaniment instrument of Taoist music, fishing drums, bamboo piano and other quyi music. [4]

Hoop shaped drums

(1) Octagonal drum. Named after the octagonal shape of the drum frame, it was popular in Beijing during the Ming Dynasty. The drum body is flat and small, each of the 7 frames is equipped with a pair of small copper bells, and the other frame is tied with a long spike, and one side is covered with python skin. When using the drum frame, hold the drum frame with the left hand, and use the right hand to flick or frustrate or clap with the fingers and palms. It is used in Beijing and Tianjin. (2) Taiping drums. The donkey's skin, horse's skin or sheep's skin is covered with an iron ring, shaped like a fan. A handle is placed underneath, decorated with an iron ring or small cymbal, and the drum is struck with a rattan stick, and the iron ring is vibrated to make a sound. It is used for folk songs and dances of Manchu, Mongolian and Han ethnic groups. (3) Dab. Uyghur, Tajik, Uzbek and other ethnic groups tambourines. The round wooden frame is covered with sheepskin or donkey skin, and the frame is decorated with a number of small iron rings. When playing, hold the drum frame with both hands, place the center of gravity on the left hand, hit the drum surface and shake the drum body. (4) Shaman drums, also known as grab drums, hand drums, and single-ring drums. It is prevalent in Manchu, Mongolian, Daur, Evenki, Oroqen, Hezhe and other ethnic groups. The disc-shaped drum surface, donkey, horse, cow, sheepskin or deerskin, roe deer skin, the back is staggered with a belt or iron bar, and more than 10 copper coins are tied on it. When using, hold a belt or iron bar in your left hand, hold a drumstick in your right hand, and strike it with the head or body of the mallet. It is used in shamanic rituals. [5]

Pot-shaped drums

(1) Nagra. Uyghur, Uzbek and other ethnic iron drums. The drum body is large and small, covered with sheepskin or donkey skin, the diameter of the drum surface is 27.5 centimeters, and the diameter of the small surface is 20 centimeters. Often two pairs are placed on the ground to play, and the two hands hold the mallet to strike, and the two drums are pitched in a fourth. (2) Cylinder drum, also known as flower pot drum. It evolved from the tanggu, also known as the Nantanggu. The drum frame is wooden, the drum body is large and small, and the two sides are skinned, resembling a flower pot, and it is played with a double mallet. According to legend, Liang Hongyu of the Southern Song Dynasty once beat the drum to help. Now it is widely used in folk instrumental ensembles and opera accompaniment. Sometimes solo. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the timpani drum was developed by drawing on the structural characteristics of the Western timpani.

Waist Drum: According to legend, it evolved from the drum and became popular in the fourth century AD, and the waist drum in the Tang Dynasty was called "Zhenggu" or "Hegu" because of its different roles in performance. Since the Ming Dynasty, waist drums have been used in "Fengyang Flower Drum", "Flower Drum Lamp" and Huaibei "Flower Drum Opera", and gradually evolved into a modern form.

The waist drum is shaped like a cylinder, the two ends are slightly thin, the middle is slightly thicker, the two ends are skinned, the drum body has two iron rings, hung on the waist with a belt, each hand holds a mallet to beat, the waist drum has no fixed pitch, the sound is clear, it can be used as a dance instrument, it can also be used as a dance prop, it can be used as a cheerful and lively scene, it is the main instrument of the waist drum team.

Wolf Tent: Also known as "Two Cane Drums". It is endemic in the Fuzhou area. The wolf scepter originated from the ancient thin-waisted drum instrument, and the shape is similar to that of the Korean patriarchal drum. The drum body is wooden, about 70 centimeters in length, the middle is small, the two ends are thick and hollow, the two sides are covered with cowhide or python skin, the diameter of the drum surface is about 30 centimeters, the drum skin is mounted on the metal ring, and it is tightened by ropes. The pronunciation is made by striking with a wooden clay or clapping with the hand, which is one of the main musical instruments of the "Fuzhou Shiban" and is also used for the accompaniment of Fujian opera.

Fishing drum: The fishing drum is also known as the "bamboo qin" or "road tube", and this instrument already existed in the Southern Song Dynasty. The fishing drum used in modern times is on the bamboo tube with a length of 65~100 cm and a diameter of about 13 cm, one end is covered with pigskin or sheepskin, when playing, the left hand holds the fishing drum and the right hand beats, which is the main accompaniment instrument of the folk music "Taoism", "fishing drum" and "bamboo qin".

Tonggu: a relatively large drum instrument circulated by the people. One of the drums. It is widely popular in southern Jiangsu. The drum body of the same drum is barrel-shaped, slightly wider in the middle, the drum is about 60 cm high, mostly made of Tsubaki wood, colored wood, birch or poplar, both sides are covered with cowhide, and the diameter of the drum surface is about 50 cm. There are 3 drum rings in the middle of the drum body, which are used to tie the drum strap or for hanging.

When playing, the drum is suspended from a wooden tripod and struck with a double air made of mahogany or other hard wood. It is used for folk instrumental ensembles, dances, opera accompaniments and mass gong and drum corps in festive festivals. When the gong and drum corps is marching, it can be hung on the body to play. There are singles, doubles, rolling strikes, muffled strikes and other techniques. Different timbre changes can be obtained by striking the drum heart, drum edge, and drum frame, and gradually playing from the drum center to the drum side, or from the drum edge to the drum center.

In the instrumental ensemble "Juban Drum" and "Juban Gong and Drum", the same drum and the plate drum are played by one person, and the drumming technique is particularly complex, and the drum section (or "drum brand") can be played with a combination of light and heavy hits, light and heavy rolls, continuous rolling and striking, or a combination of various playing methods.

Flower pot drum: It is named because the drum surface is large, the drum bottom is small, and the shape is like a flower pot. It evolved from the tanggu, also known as the "Nantanggu". Because of its shape, it resembles a cylinder, and it is also known as the "cylinder drum". It has been widely used in various local dramas such as Peking Opera, singing and dancing accompaniment, instrumental ensemble and solo.

The height of the drum of the flower pot drum is 60 centimeters, the diameter of the upper part of the drum is 57 centimeters, the lower skin of the drum is twice as small as the upper skin, the diameter is 28.5 centimeters, and the golden cloud dragon pattern of the national style is painted around the drum body, and the image is vivid. A special drum stand is attached. The drum body is mostly made of Tsubaki, poplar or willow wood, and is made by rotating the car. The drum skin is buffalo or dry cow skin, but the upper drum skin is better than the back skin of the cow. When playing the flower pot drum, the sound is pronounced by striking the upper drum skin with a wooden body, and the timbre is low and strong, softer than the hall drum, and can play different tones.

Lobby drums

Lobby drums: Drum instruments with larger shapes are mostly made of Tsubaki, colored wood, birch and poplar, etc., because the drum surface is larger, and the drum skin is mostly made of buffalo leather. The drum is made of two pieces of cowhide of the same size, and is usually played on a wooden frame with two drum beats. The drum is low and powerful, and is mainly used for instrumental ensembles, dance and opera accompaniment, and is also the main instrument in the gong and drum corps.

In ancient times, the drum was mostly used for telling the time, sacrificial sacrifices, ceremonial guards, or military affairs. As a big drum to tell the time, it is also called "the morning drum", and it is often placed on the drum tower of the city. The big drum on the Beijing Drum Tower was made in the Qing Dynasty and was specially used for public timekeeping. The diameter of the drum surface is 1.5 meters, and it was once known as the "King of Drums". Every night at the time of the night watch, the bells and drums on the bell and drum tower sound in unison, and the low drum sound spreads throughout the city. It wasn't until 1915, when the clock became widely used, that it became a cultural relic for people to enjoy. In the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, there is also a large drum made in the Qing Dynasty, with a diameter of 1.5 meters and a height of about 2 meters, which was used by the emperor when he worshiped the heavens in the past.

The drum is struck by two thicker wooden sticks, with a low and deep sound in the center and a higher and solid sound towards the edges. Since the tone is different from the center to the edges, these variations can be used to enrich its expressiveness when playing. There are single clicks, double clicks, pauses, muffled hits, press hits, shakes, and rolling. The drum surface is large, the volume can go from very weak to very strong, and the dynamics vary greatly. It can play a big role in rendering emotions and atmospheres. The sound blends with the band and enhances the band's bass. It can also be used solo or as an effect instrument, mimicking the sound of thunder and cannons.

Book drum: the drum body is flat and round, covered on both sides, the diameter of the drum surface is 22 cm, the height of the drum is 8.5 cm, the pronunciation is lower than the drum, but it is very loud, it is dedicated to the accompaniment of various drum books such as the northern rap music "big drum book", and is also suitable for the accompaniment of quyi singing and drum books in various places. Played with a single arrow, the book drum is placed on the braided rope of a bamboo drum stand, the height of the frame is about 90 cm, and the rapper holds a bookboard or pear blossom piece in his left hand, and the drum and arrow in his right hand to hit the drum table

Drum: also known as "Huai Drum". It was already popular in southern Jiangsu at the beginning of the 16th century. It is oblate and round, the drum frame is made of hard wood such as colored wood, the middle is slightly high, the edge is gradually lowered, the diameter of the drum cavity is about 18 cm, both sides are covered with cowhide, and the drum nails are tightened. The drum is made of mahogany or bamboo and is called a skewer.

To play, the player holds one side of the drum upright on his right knee, one side of the drum facing forward, and his right wrist presses against the upper edge of the drum to hold it in place, while the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers of the right hand are used to strike the drum. Hit the knot with the left hand of the platen. It is used for the "Shiban Drum" instrumental ensemble or Kunqu opera cappella accompaniment, and is generally struck on each beat to play a role in mastering the rhythm.

War drums: The appearance is similar to the big drum, only the drum body is low and short, so it is also called the "flat drum". The pronunciation is lower than the tanggu, but it is loud. In the past, it was used for religious music, and in the Lama Temple in Beijing, which was established in 1723, there is a flat drum with a diameter of about 1 meter and a drum body of only 20 centimeters high. Nowadays, it is mainly used for folk instrumental ensembles, dances, lantern festivals, acrobatic troupes, and gong and drum teams.

Ban Drum: It is often named after one person playing with the clapper, and is known as "single skin" (one side of the skin) and "Ban Gu" (special for opera troupes in the past), and is the conductor instrument in China's opera band. As early as the Tang Dynasty (618~907), it was used in "Qingle", and it was called "Festival Drum" at that time.

The drum has a unique structure and a crisp tone. With the development of opera art in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It has been passed down from generation to generation, and has been widely used in Kunqu Opera, Peking Opera, Ping Opera, Yue Opera, Han Opera, Henan Opera, Hebei Bangzi, Shandong Bangzi, Shaanxi Bangzi, Shandong Liuzi and other local opera accompaniment and instrumental ensembles, and can also be played solo (such as Allegro drums in southern Jiangsu). In accompaniment or ensemble, it is often in the position of conductor and leader. In Peking Opera music, in addition to conducting the appearance of characters, character singing, and plot changes, in addition to using various percussion postures and various percussion notes, it also plays the rhythm of the singing voice together with the clapper, adds flowers to the gong and drum performance, and sets off the stage atmosphere and character image.

The drum is a single-sided drum with a short shape, the drum body is made of hard wood such as colored wood, birch, locust wood, mulberry, beech wood or teak, and is made of 5 thicker wooden boards, the diameter of the drum body is 25 cm, but most of it is a wooden board surface, the drum surface of the vibration sound in the middle is only 5~10 cm, the drum chamber is figure-eight, and the drum edge is 9.5 cm high. The drum skin is made of cowhide, which is tensioned over the entire board surface to the bottom edge. The drum part of the skin is also called "drum light", which is the part of the percussion sound. The sound of the drum depends on the size of the drum chamber and the tightness of the skin. In order to maintain the tension of the drum skin, there are more nails in the nail, and an iron ring is tied at the bottom.

Due to the different types of operas that are suitable for the board drum, there are large drum chambers, medium drum chambers and small drum chambers in the specifications. The diameter of the drum chamber in the middle is only 5 cm, the height of the middle of the drum is 11.5 cm, the diameter of the lower mouth of the drum is 23.5 cm, and the pronunciation is high-pitched and crisp, which is mainly used for the accompaniment of Peking Opera and other local operas and instrumental ensembles, and has a wide range of applications. The diameter of the drum chamber in the middle is 10 cm, the height of the middle of the drum is 11 cm, and the diameter of the lower mouth of the drum is 24.5 cm. The middle chamber drum has a diameter of 8 cm, a height of 11.2 cm in the middle of the drum, and a diameter of 24 cm at the lower mouth of the drum, and the pronunciation is between the large and small bore, which is mostly used in the accompaniment of local operas in Yue Opera, northern Shaanxi and Shanxi, and is used in instrumental ensembles.

When playing a drum, the drum is hung on a wooden frame and struck with two rattan or bamboo arrows, and the sound of the drum is different not only in the center and edge of the drum, but also in terms of sound due to the use of point arrows (hitting the drum surface with the drum arrow) or full arrow (hitting the drum surface with the drum and arrow).

Pai drum: a new variety of drum instruments in China, after the liberation, China's musical instrument workers and music workers, summing up the technical experience of drum instruments at home and abroad, according to the folk commonly used medium-sized drums and waist drums reformed, beautiful shape, rich and changeable timbre, with national style, has become an important musical instrument in the national band, widely used in instrumental ensembles, local opera and song and dance accompaniment. The "drum kit" that is often seen in some dance halls is also a row drum.

The drum drum is generally composed of 5 drums of different sizes and different pronunciations. Each drum has the same outer diameter on both sides and different inner diameters, and can produce two tones of different pitches, for a total of 10 different tones. Both sides of the drum are equipped with tuning equipment, and the amplitude of tuning can generally reach four or five degrees, and the tone can be set according to actual needs. The drum body is fixed on a special drum frame, the upper end of the drum frame is a U-shaped fork frame, the middle is a column made of sleeves, and the lower end is a tripod. The column can be retracted up and down to allow the drum body to be raised and lowered according to the needs of the player, and the drum body is mounted on a fork frame for easy flipping for pitch selection. When playing, the drum is mostly arranged in a zigzag, figure-of-eight, semi-circular or arc-shaped. The drum surface can be tilted 15~45 degrees, which can be used for standing, sitting, sideways or oblique hitting, and can be used for slapping, round hitting and crossing.

The pronunciation of the drum is fierce and jumpy, the middle and low tones are wide and majestic, and the treble is solid and powerful, which not only maintains the style of the drum, but also has the characteristics of mellow and lyrical. Because it has different pitches, timbres, and changes in weight, it is most suitable for large national bands and drum solos, and is a colorful instrument. In addition to being used in clusters, it can also be selected for its timbre and performance according to different needs, and can be individually extracted for local opera and instrumental ensembles. It is good at expressing warm and jubilant emotions, and has rich and colorful sound effects.

Drum drum: A fishing drum capable of playing melodies. It is Chengdu national bamboo wind instrument amateur research and development group made in Sichuan folk art "bamboo qin" accompaniment instrument inspired by the successful development, by 16 different length of bamboo tube (or plastic Jane) composition, each bamboo tube covered with cowhide or sheepskin, through the bamboo ring fastened on the upper mouth of the bamboo tube. The bamboo tubes are placed in two rows on a wooden piano stand. When playing, the player holds a bamboo arrow in each hand to strike, emitting 16 notes from (D~f1), the timbre is soft, clear and bright, which can be used for instrumental ensemble or accompaniment, and can also be used to play music alone.