"Seven Hatreds" is a text issued by the late Ming Dynasty and the Jin monarch Nurhachi.

In the first month of the third year of the Mandate of Heaven (the forty-sixth year of Wanli, 1618), Nurhachi announced to Zhubeile: "I have made up my mind, and I will conquer the Ming Kingdom this year!" On April 13, he sued the sky with seven hatreds and raised troops against Ming. His descendants continued to fight thereafter, eventually entering the Central Plains and establishing a unified Qing Empire.

1. Houjin anti-Ming text:

"Nurhachi, the lord of the Dajin Kingdom, sent an edict to the Emperor and the Queen of Heaven and said:

My grandfather did not damage the grass and soil on the Ming side, and he provoked the border for no reason, harming my grandfather, and hated it; Although the Ming provoked, I still repaired, set up a monument and swore that all the Manchu and Han people, etc., did not cross the territory, and those who dared to cross the border were punished when they saw it, and they were connived at the sight, and those who were affected by the indulgence were reminded of the oath of recovering Chongqing, and the soldiers crossed the line, and defended Ye He, and this hatred was also two; The Ming people in the south of the Qing River, north of the river bank, every year to steal the territory, wanton seizure, I obey the oath to execute, Ming to bear the former alliance, charge me to kill, detain my Guangning envoy Gang Guli Fangjina, coerce ten people, kill the border, this hatred three also; Ming crossed the border to help Ye He with soldiers, so that the daughter I had hired was adapted to Mongolia, and this hatred was also four; The three forks of the Chai River and the three roads of Fu'an, I have been guarding for many generations, the people of the territory, cultivating the fields and art valleys, not allowing them to be kept, sending troops to expel them, this hatred is also five; Outside the border, Ye He, who was convicted in the sky, clearly believed his words, and the special envoy criticized the suicide note, wantonly **, this hatred is also six; Xihada helped Yehe to invade for the second time, I reported to myself, God has given me the people of Hada, and Ming blocked it, and threatened me to return his country, and I have used the people of Hada to be invaded by Yehe, and the conquest of the nations is also, those who follow the heart of heaven win and survive, and those who go against the will of heaven are defeated and die, how can we make those who die in the soldiers reborn, and those who win their people are even more important? The king of the great country built by heaven is the co-lord of the world, why should he only complain about our country? Now he helps the curse of God, resists the will of heaven, inverts right and wrong, and dissects in vain, this hatred is also seven!

The bullying is really bad, and the feelings are embarrassing, so the reason for the seven hatreds is to recruit them. ”――

Excerpt from "Records of Emperor Taizu Gao of the Qing Dynasty"

2. Modern Interpretation:

Seven Hatreds:

(1) The Ming Dynasty killed Nurhachi's father and ancestor for no reason;

(2) The Ming Dynasty favored Yehe and Hada and bullied Jianzhou;

(3) The Ming Dynasty violated the boundaries demarcated by the two sides and forced Nurhachi to compensate for the lives of those who crossed the border;

(4) The Ming Dynasty sent troops to defend Yehe and resist the establishment of the state;

(5) Ye He, with the support of the Ming Dynasty, reneged on his oath and passed on his "old woman" to Mongolia;

(6) The Ming authorities forced Nurhachi to withdraw from the reclaimed Chai River, Sancha, and Fu'an lands, and was not allowed to harvest crops;

(7) The Liaodong authorities of the Ming Dynasty sent the garrison Shang Bozhi to Jianzhou to make a fortune.

3. Historical Background:

At the beginning of the 15th century, the Ming government specially added Timur (the sixth ancestor of Nurhachi), the fierce brother of the Jurchen of the feudal state, as the commander of the Jianzhou Wei (all commanders), as a vassal. Soon, the Jurchens invaded south, and the Jianzhou Jurchens were oppressed and moved up the Tumen River to the southwest. The Ming government successively divided them into three guards, collectively known as the "three guards of Jianzhou".

In the seventies of the sixteenth century, Wang Gao, the commander of the right guard of Jianzhou (the commander of the capital), was the most powerful and repeatedly plundered along the border. Pei Chengzu, an officer of the border guards of the Ming Dynasty, went to his jurisdiction to look for fugitives, and Wang Gao actually killed Pei Chengzu by disemboweling his stomach. Chinese border guards beheaded Wang Gao, but his son Atai continued to confront the Ming government.

In 1583, Li Chengliang, the commander of the Liaodong Corps (Liaodong General Army), launched another attack, and the two generals of Jianzhou Wei, Nikan Wailan (Sukesu River Protector Tribe) and Juechangan (Jueluo Tribe), served as guides respectively, and surrounded Gule City (Fushun Gulou Village, Liaoning), where Jianzhou's right guard was located. Jue Chang'an was ordered to go to the city to persuade him to surrender, and was detained and imprisoned by Atai. When the city fell, Jue Chang'an's son Takshi first rushed in to rescue his father, but Jue Chang'an was burned to death in the fire, and Takshi was also mistakenly killed by the Ming government army in the chaos. (This is a murder suspect.) )

Takshi's 28-year-old son, Nurhachi, expressed his loyalty to the Ming government. Coupled with the sacrifice of his grandfather and father for the Ming Dynasty at the same time, Nurhachi was officially appointed by the Ming government as the acting commander of the Jianzhou Wei (Du Du Qi Shi).

In 1616, officially known as Khan, the Later Jin State was established.

In 1618, Nurhachi sacrificed to heaven and earth with the "Seven Hatreds", announcing that he would not recognize the subordinate relationship with the Ming Dynasty and raise troops against the Ming.

4. Historical influence:

After Nurhachi established the Houjin regime, he shifted his strategic focus from the original unification of the Jurchen tribes to the anti-Ming dynasty. On April 13, the third year of the Mandate of Heaven (1618), Nurhachi publicly announced the "Seven Great Hatreds" and raised an army against the Ming. It can be seen from the "Seven Hatreds" that the Ming court was indeed very oppressive to the Manchus at that time, so the Manchus were finally forced to rebel, which also reflected the resentment of the Ming Dynasty, and finally became a document to please the Ming. For the Manchu Eight Banners at that time, it had a great incentive effect, and it also further strengthened and improved the determination to oppose the Ming Dynasty!