1. Minting and circulation of coins in the Ming Dynasty

The reunification of China's Ming Dynasty is an important period in the history of our country in terms of political field, foreign exchanges or economic field, in its long reign of 276 years, the social economy has developed significantly, the minting and circulation of currency also has its characteristics, in the early Ming Dynasty, Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang officially issued the "Ming Treasure Banknote" in the eighth year of Hongwu, and reunified the issuance and circulation of paper money. Paper money was issued and circulated by the government, and the imperial court did not limit the amount of money issued, although gold and silver were strictly prohibited, but in the end, like the Yuan Dynasty, could not prevent the continuous depreciation of treasure money. At this time, with the development of the economy, the situation of using silver and copper coins was spontaneously formed in private transactions. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, during the period of filial piety, the paper money system had existed in name only, forming a situation of "accumulating the market, ignoring the passers". After the middle period, silver became the main currency in social and economic life, forming a currency circulation system dominated by silver and paved with copper coins as the shop, which constituted a new feature of money circulation in the late feudal era.

The Ming and Qing dynasties called the official copper coins "money", and the minting of copper coins in the Ming Dynasty can be divided into three stages. From the Hongwu period of Taizu of the Ming Dynasty to the Longqing period of Muzong of the Ming Dynasty, there were twelve emperors, of which only six minted money, and all of them were limited in number. Since the Wanli period of Mingshenzong, a large amount of money has been minted. Until the period of Ming Chongzhen, the coin minting was excessive, the money system was complicated, the advantages and disadvantages were different, and the situation became worse and worse.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, in the first year of Hongwu (1368 AD), ordered the Baoyuan Bureau of the Ministry of Industry of Beijing (Nanjing) and the Baoquan Bureau of various provinces to cast "Hongwu Tongbao" in the Ming Dynasty by the Ministry of Industry in charge of coinage, and set up the Baoyuan Bureau. In order to avoid the Yuan character of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang called the money and money minted as Tongbao instead of Yuanbao, not just to avoid his own name, and the money minted in the future did not have Yuanbao money. Hongwu Tongbao money system follows the shape of Zhu Yuanzhang at the end of the Yuan Dynasty cast "Dazhong Tongbao", divided into five grades, stipulating that small flat money, each text weighs one money, folds two money and weighs two money, when three money weighs three money, when five money weighs five money, when ten money weighs one tael. At the same time, it will continue to cast large and medium-sized treasure money. In the eighth year of Hongwu, the "Daming Treasure Banknote" banknote was issued, stipulating that the Daming Treasure Banknote was worth one thousand Wen or one tael of silver for each copper coin, and the four treasure banknotes were worth one tael of gold. In addition, the policy of using copper coins and treasure money together was implemented, but the circulation of gold and silver was prohibited, and it could only be exchanged with the government. In order to promote the circulation of paper money, the Ming Dynasty stopped minting money from the central and local money bureaus that year. By the following year, all copper coins were stopped. In the Ming Dynasty, Hongwu ten years, and the Baoyuan Bureau and the provincial money bureau minted small coins until Hongwu 20 years later, and then stopped casting. In the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu, the money system was changed, and the fifth-class money was re-minted, according to the regulations of the first year of Hongwu, and then the copper coin was changed to weigh one coin and two cents per penny. The other fourth-class money will be increased according to the weight of the small flat money. In July of the 26th year of Hongwu, only the Jingshi Baoyuan Bureau was allowed to mint money, and the other provinces stopped minting again. By August, the circulation of treasure money was blocked, and the use of copper coins was again banned in order to resolutely implement the paper money system. Until the Ming Xuanzong Xuande was not in the year, it lasted for forty-one years.

During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, except for a few provinces, all provinces in the country did not have a coinage furnace, and the annual coinage was about 190,000 yuan, of which Hongwu minted the most money in five years. Hongwu's "Rules for Minting Coins" stipulates that raw copper should be used for coinage. But at that time, copper was scarce, so it was generally cast with waste money and old copper, because of the complexity of copper, the purity was different, and the "Hongwu Tongbao" was not the same condition.

Ming Chengzu Zhu Di Yongle six years (AD 1408), cast the "Yongle Tongbao", this money copper purple red, for the real book direct reading, all for the small flat money, bare back without text, coin diameter 2.5 cm, the production of exquisite unity, money Xiuyi, dignified strokes. Yongle Tongbao money also has three big money, but only one is handed down, it is a unique product (existing in the Shanghai Museum), this money is not recorded in the history books, and it was forbidden to use copper coins at that time, it should be a trial casting product and was not issued. At that time, there were two Beijing (Beijing, Nanjing), Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian six places, the difference in its layout, negligible, barely distinguished, the horizontal pen of the word "Yong" has two kinds of length, the two points of the word "treasure" have two kinds of separation, and the money wears the difference in size. China once found more than 10,000 Yongle Tongbao coins on a Ming Dynasty shipwreck in the Xisha Islands. In addition, Japan's Toyotomi Hideyoshi once used gold, silver and copper to imitate a batch, divided into two types: beating and casting, and the minted money is very similar to the Ming "Yongle" money.

Xuanzong Xuande of the Ming Dynasty (1433 AD) opened the casting of "Xuande Tongbao", the money system follows the rules of Yongle, all are small flat money, there is no text on the back of the light, the real book is read directly, the production is slightly inferior to the "Yongle Tongbao", the calligraphy is general, the version is less, compared with the "Xuande furnace" bronze ware produced in the same period, it is very different. The amount of inheritance is less than that of Yongle money. Xuande Qian is only two Beijing Baoyuan Bureau and Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian Province Baoquan Bureau cast 100,000 yuan, the number is not much. Yongle and Xuande dynasties have the same money bureau, and there are only six drum castings including the two capitals, and the annual casting is not more than 100,000 yuan.

Since the ninth year of Xuande, to the sixteenth year of the Hongzhi of Ming Xiaozong (1503 AD), a total of 68 years have not minted money. During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong, the credit of the treasure banknote was shaken, and the people refused to use it, and even bartered. The Ming government believed that if the copper coins were not issued, it would not be able to recover the credit of the treasure yarn, and many profits were also earned by private traders, so they issued an edict ordering the two capitals and the thirteen provinces of the country to reopen the furnace and mint money. Casting Bank "Hongzhi Tongbao", this money is all small flat money. There is no text on the back of the bare, and the real book is read directly. There are many versions of this money, which are produced in different places, and there are slight differences. There is a "Hongzhi Tongbao" big money, which is a unique product. "Hongji Tongbao" has been increased from the original weight of one penny to one penny and two cents. Hongzhi money calligraphy is more general, and the amount of casting is not much, did not reach the required amount, because the money is changed and the new money is recast when the filial piety has died, Ming Wuzong succeeded to the throne, changed the Yuan Zhengde, this money is stopped casting.

Ming Shizong Jiajing six years to cast "Jiajing Tongbao", for the bare back of the small flat money, the real book direct reading, but contains the meaning of subordination, this money survives more. In terms of casting, the imperial court first issued an edict ordering the Liangjing Baoyuan Bureau to mint this money, and ordered the Ministry of Industry to mint in the other four provinces in accordance with the standards of Yongle and Xuande, and the amount of minting was slightly higher than that of Yongle and Xuande. "Jiajing Tongbao" initially set the weight of each penny to weigh one penny and two cents, and the thousand coins to weigh seven catties and eight taels. By the forty-third year of Jiajing, it was changed to one penny and two cents and five cents per penny, and a thousand coins weighed eight catties. In addition, Jiajing Tongbao money began to use brass coinage, and at the same time, in order to prevent private casting, it also improved the coinage process, casting fire paint, edge, gold back and other money, fire paint is the second melting. The edge of the rotation is to file the edge with a rotary car, and the gold back refers to the brass smelted by the four fires, commonly known as the "four fire brass". Jiajing Tongbao money is mostly small flat money, only in 23 years, so that the Ministry of Industry Baoyuan Bureau imitates the Hongwu money five equations cast Xiaoping, fold two, when three, when ten money, on the back of the money to wear the right side of the cast: "two money, three money, five money and one or two", one or two money to wear and then add the casting "word ten", this set of money for the weight of money, each only cast 30,000, and not circulated, only to enrich the treasury. Because it is not in circulation, it is also less handed down, and there is a weight of money that wears the right straight book "one money" on the back of the heirloom, which is a unique product. The money that Sejong gave was more beautiful than the money of his predecessors.

Ming Muzong Longqing four years, cast "Longqing Tongbao". This money is all small flat money, with no text on the back and direct reading of real books. Longqing Tongbao money system weighs one penny and three cents per article, with gold back and fire paint. During the Longqing period, the coinage was less than that of Jiajing, and the coinage of the two capitals was only 20,000 yuan, which was only half of the amount minted in the two capitals during the Jiajing period.

At this stage in the early Ming Dynasty, due to the vigorous pursuit of the treasure money policy, the copper coins were strictly controlled, and the minting was stopped three times and twice, and it was banned. Therefore, there are two results, one is that the private casting of the people is rampant, but because of the lack of copper, the people use ancient money, but the ancient money is also limited, so they privately cast ancient money for circulation, because the punishment for private minting of coins in this dynasty is very heavy;

The rise in the amount of coinage rose in the Wanli period of Mingshenzong, which was the turning point of coinage in the Ming Dynasty and the turning point of the Ming Dynasty. Shenzong Wanli four years, open cast "Wanli Tongbao", this money version more, Wanli small flat money for the real book direct reading, most of the back without text, a few back cast with words or star and moon pattern, but are rare. Wanli Tongbao money has two coins, but also for the real book direct reading, narrow Guo, double point pass, the money diameter is 2, 8 centimeters; Wanli Tongbao money by the two Beijing and the provinces of the country for the casting line, two Beijing cast gold back, fire paint, other places are only allowed to cast the edge. After Wanli's 20-year war of assistance to Korea against Japanese aggression began, its expenses increased dozens of times, but its income decreased by nearly half. The Ming government's response was to mint money to supplement its revenue. Twenty years ago, there were only 60 money furnaces in the National Money Minting Bureau, and in 20 years, it increased to 100 furnaces, and in 30 years, the household department and other institutions opened 250 new money furnaces, and Yingtianfu also added 100 furnaces, and 350 furnaces were added in a year. At this time, the treasure money has stopped, the household department changed to mint money, as soon as this matter opened, all parts of the country have followed suit, starting to cast money, for a time how many furnaces in the country can not be counted. Due to the obvious increase in the amount of casting, and the lack of copper, the price of copper rose, many temporary official furnaces were unprofitable, the furnace was closed soon after, the workers had no way to make a living, so they cast their own private casting, some of them cast no worse than the official casting, some were very shoddy, at that time there were many names of private money, such as crooked neck, pointed feet, fat heads, etc., spread very widely, to Chongzhen still existed, and there were existing ones.

Ming Guangzong did not mint money, because his reign was only a few months, did not mint money, his son Ming Xizong in the first year of the Apocalypse first minted his father's name "Taichang" money, called "Taichang Tongbao". This money is a small flat money, the real book is read directly, the copper color is light red, there are also brass coins, there are not many versions, there are back moon, back star money, and the money diameter is up to 2.9 cm, as big as the wide Guo large sample money of folding two coins, and there is also a small money with a diameter of 2.3-2.4 cm. Ming Xizong cast Taichang Tongbao money only one year, the following year to start casting "Apocalypse Tongbao", in the same year set up the household Baoquan Bureau, called "Qian Fatang", since then by the household department in charge of coinage. The coins minted are mainly used for military supplies, the army's coinage furnace only retains the three towns in the northwest, and the southeast is canceled, at this time the country formed three minting centers, respectively, the two capitals and the Sichuan region, but in the third year of the Apocalypse (1628 AD), the eunuch Wei Zhongxian dictatorship, the eunuch disorderly government, the indiscriminate minting situation appeared again, and a large number of local money bureaus appeared, so the version of the Apocalypse money minted was very many, and the difference was great. A large number of money backings appear in the form of land, bureau, weight and other forms. It has only appeared in the Wanli period before, but the version is limited. Therefore, the complex period of the numismatic system of the Ming Dynasty began in the year of the Apocalypse. In order to make up for the financial deficit in the year of the Apocalypse, the previous method was still solved by increasing the amount of coinage. In this case, the provincial money bureaus across the country abuse money in order to make profits. A large amount of light and inferior money was mixed with official money, which formed a sharp contrast with the tradition of making money in the early Ming Dynasty and striving for refinement and beauty. "Apocalypse Tongbao" was first cast as a small flat coin, and then opened as ten coins. In the fifth year of the Apocalypse, because the official and private coins minted too much and too bad, they ordered to stop minting, and the imperial court issued silver and recovered it as ten coins, and the minting period of the big coins was only three years; the weight of the Apocalypse money was originally set to be one dollar and three cents, and the thousand coins weighed eight catties and eight taels, but later because the official coinage was too indiscriminate, the small money weighed only seven cents, and the thousand coins weighed only four catties and eight taels, and the copper content was less than three percent. In addition, there is a kind of "folded sand coin" that was cast by melting copper with Japanese lead and tin pins, and the copper was folded at this time. The Apocalypse Xiaoping Qian is divided into two categories: the back is more complex than the Wanli money, and there are many types of stars and moon patterns cast on the back; The word "order" is the word "order", which means that the eunuchs and ministers were ordered to do things and make money at that time. "Apocalypse Tongbao" small flat money not only has many back words, but also other things such as the size of the characters, the level of the text, the width of the wheel, and the structure of the money is also very complex and changeable. "Apocalypse Tongbao" when ten coins are also divided into two categories: back without text and back with text, folded two coins are mostly back without text, and there are few surviving. Both types of money are rare.

In the seventh year of the Apocalypse, Ming Xizong died, Sizong ascended the throne, and in the first year of Chongzhen, he opened the casting of "Chongzhen Tongbao", and began to stipulate that every penny minted was a penny, and two coins of copper were used. Efforts were made to restore the old system of Jiajing and Longqing, but it was not maintained, because the social malpractices at the end of the Ming Dynasty were serious, and the imperial court's finances almost collapsed. The money bureaus in various places wantonly minted indiscriminately, and the money, words, size, and weight of the minted money are very different, and the backing text is more complicated and diverse, which is more than the apocalypse. Therefore, Chongzhen money is the most complex kind of ancient money in China. (See Chongzhen Coins for details)

2. Coins of the peasant rebel army at the end of the Ming Dynasty

The two main rebel leaders in the last years of the Ming Dynasty both minted their own coins.

Yongchang Tongbao is a coin minted by the regime established by Li Zicheng, the leader of the famous peasant rebel army in the late Ming Dynasty. Li Zicheng is a native of Mizhi, Shaanxi, and has been herding sheep for the landlord's family since he was a child, and has been a Yinchuan post man. After joining the rebel army, Li Zicheng led the masses of the rebels to wage a brutal struggle against the feudal ruling group of the Ming Dynasty, and successively captured Shaanxi, Henan and other vast areas. One route was led by Li Zicheng himself, and he went down to Pingyang, broke Fenzhou, drove Taiyuan, went to Datong, and went along Yanghe and Xuanfu to Juyong Pass; From "the eighth day of the first month of the first month, Xi'an Mansion raised troops, to break the capital only 70 days, and all the more than 70 states and counties opened the door to welcome the surrender. The huge capital, once it will be broken ("Jiashen Chronicle" Zhao Shijin). In March, Li Zicheng led a large army into the city of Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide in the coal mountain.

In the last years of the Ming Dynasty, the rulers levied and extorted, and the people were extremely burdened. When the Dashun army attacked Beijing, it issued a proclamation to expose the corrupt shortcomings of the Ming Dynasty, and at the beginning of the uprising, it also put forward slogans such as "free grain for all fields" and "cutting the rich to help the poor", thus winning the support of the people. At the beginning of Li Zicheng's entry into Beijing, there was a folk legend that "kill cattle and sheep, prepare wine and syrup, open the city gate to welcome the king of Hades, and the king of Hades will not pay food when he comes", which shows the people's high hopes for this rebel army. However, after the rebel army entered Beijing, it gradually lost its true character as a peasant army and gradually lost the support of the broad masses of the people. Their leaders did not have a complete political program and military deployment, and were only satisfied with the slogan of "free grain for all fields" and put forward the idea of "chasing dirty salaries and subsidies", and in the end, in order to recover money, resulting in the corruption of military discipline. Competing for money, the rebel army was greatly weakened. At this time, the Manchu army in the north and the remnants of the Ming Dynasty formed a flanking attack on the rebel army, and the situation of the rebel army took a sharp turn for the worse. In April, Wu Sangui, the rebel general of Shanhaiguan in the Ming Dynasty, led Qing troops into the customs and fought a decisive battle with the Dashun army, but Li Zicheng failed and withdrew from Beijing. Later, when he fought to Jiugong Mountain in Hubei, he was unfortunately killed (a historical saying). The peasant uprising led by Li Zicheng wrote a glorious page in the history of China's peasant war.

Li Zicheng's "Yongchang Tongbao" is the historical witness of the peasant uprising. The "Yongchang Tongbao" copper coins are divided into two kinds, small flat and folded five, all of which are regular scripts, and there is no text on the back. However, the version is more complicated, and there are more than 20 kinds of Xiaoping alone, and the difference is concentrated in the writing of the word "Yong". The word "Yong" is often composed of the word "Ershui", which is called "Ershui Yong". There are also the word "Yong", the first stroke is a point, the second stroke is the word "one", etc., and the "Yongchang Tongbao" money should be cast by Li Zicheng to stabilize the soaring prices at that time.

"Dashun Tongbao" and "Xiwang Reward" is another peasant rebel leader Zhang Xianzhong at the end of the Ming Dynasty Zhang Xianzhong's coinage, Zhang Xianzhong is a native of Yan'an, Shaanxi, born in a bitter cold, sold dates with his father in childhood, was bullied, and later participated in the peasant uprising in Mizhi, and Gao Yingxiang and Li Zicheng were the same generals of the Shaanxi uprising leader Wang Ziyong, known as the "Eight Kings". The rebel army moved to Shanxi, Henan and other places, and the momentum was huge. Later, the rebel army was divided into two groups, Li Zicheng followed Gao Yingxiang to the northwest, while Zhang Xianzhong developed to the southeast and fought in the Jianghuai Valley. Later, when the powerful Ming army attacked, Zhang Xianzhong once surrendered willingly, confusing the Ming army, and waiting for the opportunity. He ordered the army to disobey the dispatch of the Ming army, step up the collection of grain and grass, build weapons, and then raise the banner of righteousness in Gucheng, Hubei Province, to fight against the Ming army. Later, Zhang Xianzhong moved to Hubei, captured Wuchang, and became the king of Daxi. Later, he went south to capture Changsha and control the whole province of Hunan, southern Hubei and other regions. Later, he invaded Sichuan, established the Daxi regime in Chengdu, and took the era name Dashun. Soon after Zhang Xianzhong gained a foothold in Chengdu, he fought a fierce battle with the Qing army advancing south. In the third year of Dashun (1646 AD), Zhang Xianzhong was killed by an arrow while fighting with the Qing army in Phoenix Mountain in Xichong.

"Dashun Tongbao" is Zhang Xianzhong in Chengdu when the emperor cast, the country name is Daxi, set up the palace, six lawsuits, and open the money bureau, take the local palace antique utensils and the bronze statue of the temple in the city to cast money. Therefore, the copper color of "Dashun Tongbao" is golden, smooth and exquisite. Legend has it that in the past, folk women made it into jewelry headdresses, which were as bright as red gold. "Dashun Tongbao" is only a kind of small flat copper coin, regular script, divided into three kinds of back without text and back text "work", "household" and "Sichuan household". The words "work" and "household" should be cast by the Ministry of Industry, and the household part should be cast. It is the rarest to memorize the word "Kawado".

The money of "King Xi's Reward" should be cast when Zhang Xianzhong occupied Wuchang and became the king of Daxi. The money is awarded to the money-shaped medal awarded to the meritorious soldiers who fought against the enemy, it is a commemorative nature, not a circulating money, "Xiwang Changgong" face text regular script, read the back without text, five centimeters in diameter, the font is dignified, the strokes are straight, and the production is more exquisite. There are three kinds of gold, silver and copper, which are very rare in the world, and are extremely rare

3. Coins of the Southern Ming Dynasty

In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng led his troops to capture Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged the coal mountain (now Jingshan), the Ming Dynasty perished, and later Wu Sangui, the general soldier of Shanhaiguan, led the Qing soldiers into the customs, and the Qing army began to conquer the Central Plains.

In the first year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (the seventeenth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, 1644 AD), Shi Kefa and others supported Zhu Yousong, the king of Fu, to ascend the throne in Nanjing, and changed the Yuan Hongguang in the second year, and cast the "Hongguang Tongbao". There are two kinds of small flats, two kinds of money. However, the money was minted only for a year, and the Fuwang regime was overthrown by the Qing army. In June of the same year. Lu Wang Zhu Yihai cast "Da Ming Tongbao" in Shaoxing, all of them are small flat money, this money is really a book to read, divided into two categories: back with text and back without text. In the first year of Shunzhi, King Lu failed, fled to Xiamen, and defected to Zheng Chenggong. Daming Tongbao Money Minting Bank has six years. In the second year of Shunzhi, Huang Daozhou and others of the Southern Ming Dynasty Rite Department supported the Tang Dynasty King Zhu Yujian to ascend the throne in Fuzhou, changed the Yuan Longwu, and cast the line "Longwu Tongbao", there are Xiaoping, fold two or two, this money is a real book to read directly; In addition, there are "Longwu Tongbao" iron coins, which are relatively rare. In the second year of Longwu, the Qing army invaded Fujian, and the Tang regime perished. Shunzhi four years, Guiwang Zhu by the Lang in Guangdong enthroned, changed the Yuan Yongli, the following year cast line "Yongli Tongbao", there are small flat, fold two, and the back of the text five cents, one point four and other money.

After the fall of the Tang Dynasty's regime, Ding Kuichu, the governor of Liangguang in the Ming Dynasty, and others jointly promoted Zhu Youlang, the king of Gui, to supervise the country, and then proclaimed himself emperor in Guilin, and established the Yuan Yongli. Among the four regimes in the Southern Ming Dynasty, the Guiwang regime is the one that has existed for the longest time, which has lasted for 16 years, and the Guiwang regime has controlled Yunnan, Guizhou, Liangguang, Hunan, Sichuan and other vast areas, and has formed a "united front" with Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong's remaining Li Dingguo, Li Jin and others, and united to resist the Qing Dynasty. But later by the small power of the minister, the outside by Wu Sangui chased and forced into Burma, and was later sacrificed to the Qing court by the Burmese, killed for Wu Sangui in Kunming, Yunnan.

"Yongli Tongbao" casting time is divided into two stages, Yongli two years to the beginning of the sixth year, is the Yongli regime in Guangdong, Yunnan, Sichuan, and other areas of the anti-Qing period, under the continuous attack of the Qing army, the regime is in constant change, the casting location also often changes. From February of the sixth year of Yongli to February of the thirteenth year, before King Yongming retreated into Burma, during the casting period in the Yunnan-Guizhou region, the casting place was relatively fixed. First of all, in February of the fifth year of Yongli, Sun Kewang, who occupied the Yunnan-Guizhou land, accepted the title of King Yongming, united to resist the Qing Dynasty, and also cast the "Yongli Tongbao" money in the Yunnan-Guizhou region. Yongli Tongbao money version more, there are small flat, fold two, fold five, when ten, the face of the text are all direct reading, the body of the book is mainly the real book, there are lines, seals, subordinates, divided into two categories. Among them, there is a kind of small flat money, and the back text is cast with the twelve characters of the edict of Emperor Yongli: "Yu, Edict, Governor, Ministry, Dao, Fu, Liu, Guangdong, Fu, Ming, Ding, and Guo" are called edict money, edict money. One of the meanings is that the emperor ordered civil and military officials at all levels to stay in Guangdong, assist the Ming Dynasty, and restore the country. This kind of will cast on the back of money is rare. Among them, it is extremely rare to memorize "Fu", "Dao", and "Ming", and it is extremely difficult to collect these twelve characters of money. In addition, there are lines and seals in the two coins, which should be cast by Zheng Chenggong, who has been using Yongli money when resisting the Qing Dynasty in Taiwan. Yongli Tongbao money back "two cents", "five cents", "one cent" money, the back of the text is recorded in the meaning of the value of the silver, the right to silver, the use of silver. Yongli Tongbao money has been minted for a long time, there are many casting locations, the casting area is wide, and there are many varieties, which are more complicated. This is related to the fact that the Yongli regime is the longest existing and the most extensive territory in the five dynasties of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and the seat of the regime is constantly changing and moving, among which Yunnan, Guizhou and Fujian are all important minting locations of Yongli coins.