22. The development of the Wenxiang Sect and the Wang family

Wang Sen, the founder of Wenxiangjiao, was originally from Jizhou, Shuntianfu, formerly known as Shi Nature, and later renamed Wang Sen, also known as Wang Dawson, born in the 21st year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1542), arrested and imprisoned in the 41st year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1613), and died in prison 5 years later. The Wang family has been farming for generations, while Wang Sen has been in the tanner's business. Huang Zunsu mentioned in "Brief Explanation": "Wang Sen's original name was Shi Nature, and Jizhou leather workers are also. The road meets the demon fox and is fought by the eagle. The fox asked for help from the forest, and the forest received it. To the home, the fox broke the tail to thank each other, passed on to the demon incense, who smelled this incense, the heart is confused, vain to see. With his skills, Sen created the White Lotus Sect, claiming to be the leader of the Smelling Fragrance Sect, and the first name of the head of the big and small sects. It can be seen that Wang Sen is holding the banner of the White Lotus Sect and founding the Smelling Fragrance Sect under the guise of "God bestows different fragrances". Since its creation, Wenxiang Sect has constantly changed its religious names, such as Mahayana Sect, Eastern Mahayana Sect, Mahayana Red Sect, Hongfeng Sect, Dacheng Sect, Good Friends Association, etc. Later, it was renamed the Tea Sect, and it was also commonly called the Qing Tea Sect or the Qing Tea Sect.

Taking advantage of the feudal rulers' tolerance for religion and the masses' belief in religion, the founders of Wenxiang Sect used religious belief as bait and Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism as the theoretical basis to write scriptures, disseminate them within and outside their religions, and recruit the masses to join and preach religions. In the process of development, Chamenism has extensively collected scriptures and learned from the teachings of many sects, forming a set of doctrinal systems with its own characteristics. The scriptures in the Chamen Sect mainly include the "Treasure Scroll of the Elimination and Acceptance of the Yuanxing Jue", "The Treasure Scroll of the Manifestation of the Interpretation", "The Treasure Scroll of the Yuantong Treasure", "The Treasure Scroll of the Conversion of Guanyin Bodhisattva Pudu", "The Treasure Scroll of the Treasure of the Wooden People", "The True Treasure Scroll of the Nine Lotus Ruyi Emperor", "The Key Sutra of the Yuan Henry Zhen", "The Book of the General View of the Three Religions", etc., and the book of recitation, "The Treasure Scroll of the Demon Suppression" and the "Golden Jade Rule".

The most grassroots organizations in the Chamen Sect are associations, ranging from dozens to thousands of people in each meeting. Each meeting will have a head and a head, as well as a palm scripture and a palm branch. The district has three vehicles: the general head, the general head, the general master, and the general leader, to manage all the associations in the region. The head of the congregation and the head of the congregation regularly collect a large amount of tribute money from the congregants who have joined the church or after entering the church, and hand it over to the head of the congregation and the head of the church. Then it will be delivered to the head of the higher level, and then it will be stripped layer by layer. The leaders of the Chamen sect practiced a privileged hierarchy and hereditary system within the sect, and their way of preaching was to each house as a tribe, and it was passed down from father to son. The apprentice calls the master the master (i.e., "the lord"), and the master's son is called the young master. When the master dies, most of them are re-taught by the master's son, and the apprentice must worship the master again before he can continue to teach, and most of them worship the master's son as the new master. In the Chamen Sect, the apprentice calls himself a disciple, and the disciple has to kowtow when he sees the master and the young master surnamed Wang, and the apprentice also has to give the master money, which is called "Chaoshang" (that is, "Shangchao"), and the money on the court is called the foundation money, which will be the Yuan Father's money in the future, which means to lay the foundation for the preparation of Maitreya Buddha in the next life.

Within the Chamen Sect, it is generally stipulated that the congregation must eat fasting and practice teaching, and not eat onions and garlic. The head of the sect must teach the "Three Refuges and Five Precepts" to the initiators, that is, "take refuge in the Buddha, take refuge in the Dharma, take refuge in the teacher, and abstain from killing, stealing, prostitution, alcohol, and refuge in the language." Hanging images of Maitreya Buddha, offering tea, and reciting verses and scriptures, there are also offerings to Guanyin. In addition, some religious leaders give a cup of water to the sun every day and kowtow three times during their missionary work; some burn incense and offer tea in the morning and evening, and give tea to people to heal their diseases; and some use the "Lu Mu Dian Cane" as a initiation ceremony, that is, they use bamboo chopsticks to point the eyes, nose, mouth, ears and other places of the believers, and insert the bamboo chopsticks into the bottle to worship, as a proof of fasting in the underworld after death. When the leaders of the Chamen Sect preached in various places, the doctrines, canons, and missionary rituals they preached were generally the same, but some of the leaders made some adjustments to the subtleties and mixed some personal elements of administering the religion, with the aim of better attracting more people to join the Church.

The underlying core system within the Chamen Sect is actually the money system. Because whether it is a leader or a believer, "missionary money" is the real driving force for his founding and missionary work. During the Jiaqing period, Shandong Xuezheng Wang Yinzhi once described it as follows: "He is a heresy, knowing that the foolish people can be lured, so he invites him to join the religion by collecting money, and his own money goes into the hands of others, and his people join the religion and preach, and the people's money goes into his own hands." Preaching to the outside world is to collect money, and the foolish people believe in it for a living, so they follow it. After joining the Church, if a believer can become a "master" or a higher-level leader, he can collect money from the new believer or the next level leader, as well as other so-called "foundation money", "seed blessing money", "line money", and so on. Therefore, "missionary money" is also the fundamental reason why the founder, the Wang family, was able to change from a peasant and a small handicraft to a wealthy tycoon in one fell swoop, and took the risk of extinction to preach extensively.

Wang Sen was the founder of the Wenxiang Sect, and his descendants were the main organizers and leaders of the spread of the Wenxiang Sect and the Chamen Sect, and the Wang family preached for generations until the sect was completely eradicated by the Qing court. "History of the Ming Dynasty 61 Zhao Yan Biography" once stated: "Wang Sen, a native of Jizhou, has a strange fragrance of demon foxes, advocates the White Lotus Sect, and claims to be the leader of the fragrance sect. That is, Wang Sen founded the Smelling Fragrance Sect under the guise of the White Lotus Sect and the "Divine Gift of Fragrance". After that, the Wenxiang religion developed rapidly, spreading to Kifu, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, and Sichuan. But because the sect leader Wang Sen was arrested and imprisoned, he died in prison. After Wang Sen's death, his son Wang Haoxian and his apprentice Xu Hongru continued to preach, in the second year of the Apocalypse (1622), Wang Haoxian and Xu Hongru organized an uprising, Xu Hongru called Zhongxing Fulie Emperor, Jianyuan Mahayana prospered, rebelled against the imperial court. Soon after, the uprising was suppressed, and the two were captured and executed by the Ming court.

The missionary activities of the Wang family gradually developed from the Kangxi period to other places, and later due to the division of the family, they were divided into two courtyards, the east courtyard still lived in Shifokou, Luanzhou, and the west courtyard moved to Anjialou and Kanjiazhuang in Lulong County. Wang Sen has three sons: the eldest son Wang Haoli, the second son Wang Haoyi, and the third son Wang Haoxian.

Wang Sen's eldest son, Wang Haoli, was a major missionary area in Hebei and Henan, and later expanded to Shanxi and Jiangnan. Wang Ruhuan, the last missionary of his family, was arrested in Jiangnan in the 21st year of Jiaqing (1816) and died of illness on the way to his deportation.

Wang Sen's second son, Wang Haoyi, was mainly a missionary in Jiangnan. During this period, the descendant Wang Lie changed the name of the Mahayana religion to Qingchamen on the grounds of using clear tea to cure people's diseases. Wang Lie's eldest son, Wang Bingjun, was a missionary in Hubei, and committed a crime in the 19th year of Jiaqing (1814) and was sent to the frontier as a slave.

Wang Sen's third son, Wang Haoxian, moved from Shifokou in Luanzhou to Anjialou in Lulong County, and since then has settled down, becoming another powerful missionary force among the descendants of the Wang family. This family has preached in Henan, Hubei, Hebei, Shanxi and other places, and the descendant Wang Henggong preached in Jiangnan, because no one believed in the pure and inactive religion preached, and later changed the name of the religion to Baiyang Zhaijiao. Wang Yushi, who was a missionary in Henan, Wang Sangu and Wang Hengzhong, who was a missionary in Hubei, and Wang Diankui, who was a missionary in Jiangnan, were executed by Ling Chi successively. His descendant, Wang Dexiu, moved his family to Kanjiazhuang, where he made a living as an agriculturalist, and his descendants never participated in missionary activities.