readx;? The Cause and Effect Rat continued, "After completing the task assigned by the Cause and Effect Tree, I rushed to the Endless Plains without stopping,......"

"Wait, wait, this endless plain, how come I haven't heard of it?" I interrupted the causal rat's narration and voiced my doubts. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info

"Boy, look at the world from the perspective of development. You don't think that there are only five continents and some unknown islands in the world!" said the karma mouse.

"Isn't it true that these five continents are only Dongsheng Shenzhou, Xiniuhe Continent, South Ganbu Continent, North Julu Continent, Zhongzhou, and some small islands in the sea?" I said.

"These are the names of these continents that people call today, and in the past, they didn't call them by these names, and there are many small worlds created by great powers, which collide with the main world of Journey to the West, creating a lot ......of new spaces (land or sea)," said the causal rat.

"That, that, the Endless Plains, isn't this the name of Zhongzhou before!?This Zhongzhou is the largest, it should be it, that's right,......" I hurriedly reported my answer.

"Boy, I said to look at the world from a development perspective, not to focus on the change in the name......" Cause and Effect Rat said.

"Don't blame me! aren't you taking me into the ditch?!......" I said.

"I'm not arguing with you, I'm arguing, it's going to be tomorrow morning. This world has suffered a calamity, the calamity that caused the death of the causal tree, and it not only had a certain negative impact on the living beings in the world, but even this continent was therefore divided into five large blocks and several small pieces of land.

And this Endless Plains is also due to the migration and division of the land, and on different five continents, there are some fragments of the Endless Plains, but the largest fragments of the Endless Plains are no longer land, they are already under the sea that has sunk into the sea. So this fragmented Endless Plains is not an Endless Plains anymore, so the name is not mentioned again. Therefore, only those who survived that year knew the name of the Endless Plains,......" said the causal rat.

"It turns out that the sea is dry and rotten, and the vicissitudes of the sea are still possible......" I sighed.

(The continental drift in this Journey to the West world is because the creatures here have lived for a long time, so they have experienced these changes in the earth's crust, and it can be regarded as watching the changes in these landforms, the separation of the land, and the drying up of the oceans. Of course, if you want to, you can change quickly, after all, they have lived for such a long time, and they still have the ability to move mountains and seas so little, but then divide the continent and promote the mainland movement! This is not the ability of most veteran players.

On Earth, there is no such place as lucky. Because no living being has a lifespan of millions of years. They can only rely on their imagination.

In 1620 the Englishman Francis Bacon proposed the possibility that the Western Hemisphere was once connected to Europe and Africa. In 1668 the French R.P.F. Plasey argued that the Americas were not separate from the rest of the earth before the Flood. By the end of the 19th century, the Austrian geologist Hughes (~1914) noticed that the rock formations on the continents of the Southern Hemisphere were so consistent that he fitted them into a single continent, called Gondwana. In 1912, Alfred Wegener officially proposed the theory of continental drift (rumor has it that it was Wegener's leg that was injured, lying on the bed, looking at the world map on the ceiling, and found that the coasts on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean are extremely similar and consistent, especially the right-angled protrusion at the eastern tip of Brazil is very consistent with the Gulf of Guinea recessed at right angles on the west coast of Africa. Did the African continent and the South American continent ever fit together, that is, there was no Atlantic Ocean between them in the past, and it was because of the rotation of the earth that the primitive continents were divided and drifted, so that the current distribution of sea and land was formed? He first traced the mountains and strata on both sides of the Atlantic, and the results were exciting: the folded mountain systems of Newfoundland in North America echoed those of Scandinavia in northern Europe, suggesting that North America and Europe had previously been "close together"; The fold belt of the Appalachian Mountains in the United States, whose northeastern end submerges into the Atlantic Ocean and extends to the opposite shore, reappears in western Britain and Central Europe, the ancient rock distribution area in western Africa (older than 2 billion years) can be connected with the ancient rock area in Brazil, and the rock structure and structure between the two are also consistent with each other, and the strata of the Kepler Mountains at the southern tip of Africa correspond to the rocks in the mountains near Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina in South America. On the basis of rigorous scientific research, Wegener's masterpiece "The Origin of Land and Sea" was published in 1915. In this book, Wegener argues that ancient continents were originally united, but then separated by continental drift, and oceans emerged between the separated continents. According to Wegener, the continents are made up of lighter silice-bearing rocks, such as basalt, which float like massive icebergs on top of heavier silicesite-bearing rocks such as granite (the ocean floor is made of silicesite) and drift on them. In the Permian, there was only one huge land mass in the world, which he called Pancontinent (or Union Paleocontinent). After the calm Permian, the turbulent Mesozoic Era began, and the pancontinent was first divided into two, forming the Laoya continent in the north and the Gondwana continent in the south, and gradually split into several smaller landmasses, scattered and drifting, and some lands were re-assembled, and finally formed today's sea and land pattern.

In the 20~30s of the 20th century, it was opposed by geophysicists because the mechanism of drift could not be better explained at that time. The idea of continental movement was extensively discussed by geographers, and as a result, the opposition was almost unanimous. (Wegener's "groundbreaking" view immediately shook the scientific community at the time, drawing far more attack than support.) On the one hand, the problems involved in this hypothesis are so large that if they were true, the entire theory of the earth sciences would have to be rewritten. There must be sufficient evidence, and every aspect of the hypothesis must stand up to scrutiny; on the other hand, Wegener received a doctorate in astronomy from the university, focusing on meteorology, and he was not a geologist, geophysicist, or paleontologist. Expressing opinions in fields that are not one's own inevitably leads to doubts about the scientificity of their hypotheses.

The main weakness of Wegener's theory is: On what do huge continents drift, and where does the force driving the continent drift come from? Wegener believes that silicon-aluminum continents float on the earth's silicon-magnesium layer, that is, solids float and move on solids. Wegener speculated that the forces that propelled the continents were the tides in the ocean, crashing against the shores of the continents and causing tiny movements that accumulated to drift huge landmasses into the distance, or the gravitational pull of the sun and moon. According to Wegener, physicists at the time immediately began to calculate, using the volume and density of the continents to calculate the mass of the land. Based on the friction between the silicon-aluminous rock and the silicon-magnesia rock, calculate how much force is needed to make the continent move. Physicists have found that the gravitational and tidal forces of the sun and moon are too small to push the vast continents.

The theory of continental drift came out as a sensation, but it quickly disappeared amid ridicule. Although Wegener found a lot of evidence, if someone else finds a piece of evidence against the scientific theory, such as the lack of motivation for continental drift, the theory can only be called a hypothesis, not a real theory. When people explained the distribution of paleontology such as dragons and tongues, they still used the land bridge theory to prevaricate, although the land bridge theory seemed absurd, but at the time people thought that there was another theory that was even more absurd, that is, Wegener's theory of continental drift. Some people joke that the theory of continental drift is just a "dream of a great poet".

In the history of science, it is unfortunate that biased accusations have been made against the proponents of new theories in an attempt to nip in the bud the scientific revolution that has already begun. Not only was Wegener's method attacked, but because he did not have a professional diploma and was not a geologist, but a German meteorologist, he was therefore denied access to a geological conference, where Charles Schuckert, professor emeritus of paleontology at Yale University, called the continental drift hypothesis a "German theory", and, with apparent approval, quoted P. Temai (Director General of the French Geological Survey) as saying: Wegener's theory is merely "a beautiful dream, the dream of a great poet", which will be discovered when one tries to embrace it"All he got was a bunch of bubbles and a wisp of smoke." And in Schuckert's view, "Wegener's generalization is so rash that it does not take into account the whole history of geology" (p. 139), he is only an outsider, a man who has not done any practical work in the field of paleontology or geology. Schuckert concludes that "a layman who transplants the facts he has from one discipline to another will obviously not get the right results".

Wegener was rejected - at least in part because he was not a member of the geology "club", which has been confirmed by the literature. In attacking Wegener's theories, evidence, and scientific method, H. Jeffries declared that "Wegener was basically a meteorologist". In 1944, Chester R. Langeville, in an article in the American Journal of Science (p. 229), hypocritically stated: "The benevolent critics have pointed out that 'Wegener's inconsistencies and omissions' are tolerable because he is not a geologist". Moreover, as late as 1978, George Garold Simpson repeated his earlier view that "much of Wegener's paleontological and biological basis is either ambiguous or completely wrong." He accused Wegener (the "German meteorologist") of daring to venture into a field where he had "no first-hand knowledge". ）

Thus, Wegener's theory of earth drift was in a theoretical revolution for a long time, and it was not until the mid-50s that new evidence was constantly discovered that became more and more favorable to the hypothesis of possible continental motion. But it wasn't until the 60s of the 20th century that a revolution in earth science really took place. With the development of paleomagnetism, seismology, and astronautical observations, the once-dormant theory of continental drift (the continental drift hypothesis is a theory that explains the movement of the earth's crust and the distribution and evolution of land and sea. The large-scale horizontal movement of continents between each other and between continents relative to ocean basins is called continental drift. The theory of continental drift holds that all the continents on Earth were once unified huge land masses before the Mesozoic Era, called pancontinents or united ancient continents, and that the Mesozoic began to split and drift, gradually reaching their current positions. The dynamic mechanism of continental drift is related to the two components of the Earth's rotation: the tidal force that drifts westward and the depolar force that points towards the equator. The lighter silicon-aluminium continental masses float above the heavier viscous silicon-magnesium layer, and due to the action of tidal forces and polarization forces, the pan-continent is broken and separated from the silicon-magnesium layer, and it drifts horizontally to the west and towards the equator on a large scale, and moves nearby. ) was given a new lease of life and laid the foundation for the development of plate tectonics.

Unfortunately, in 1930, when Wegener went to Greenland for the fourth time to investigate the weather, he was unfortunately buried in the ice and snow at the age of 50, and his body was not found until the following summer. He left a little early, because a German scientific research ship had just returned from the Atlantic, bringing the news that there was a long mid-ocean ridge in the middle of the Atlantic, where there was a huge rift valley. With Wegener's vast knowledge, he will be able to find a solution to the problem of continental drift, which will provide clues to continental drift. It's a pity that he was cut off from this news forever. Like many scientists ahead of his time, he was born a little early, not waiting for the day when his ideas would be accepted by the world. Perhaps, only the inaccessible ice and snow continent can understand the loneliness of Wegener's life. Wegener's soul was frozen in the snow of Greenland, and the doctrine of continental drift was sealed in the dust on the library shelves.

Now it seems that, since we have witnessed the whole process of this revolution with our own eyes, it is easy to see that there are two fundamental breakthroughs that distinguish the theoretical revolution from the present revolution. The first breakthrough was the accumulation of a large amount of new and convincing evidence that there was indeed a relative motion between the continents and the ocean floor. The second breakthrough was that the fundamental reconstruction of theories led to a major change in basic concepts, and to the question of whether the revolution that had been finally completed could be justly regarded as the revolution that had been sought for nearly half a century but had not succeeded? This revolution, promoted by Galileo and Kepler, and finally completed by Newton, only retained Copernicus's most general astronomical conception, that is, the idea that the earth moves and the sun is stationary, and abandons the basic characteristics of Copernican cosmology. Similarly, the Earth Science Revolution merely retained Wegener's most general idea that continents can move with each other, abandoning the basic feature of Wegener's theory – that continents made up of silicon move individually or separately on the oceanic crust, while the denser crust of the oceanic crust is fixed.

The latest view is that the huge plates covering the Earth's surface are in motion, some of which move the continents or parts of the continents together with the ocean floor. Thus, the theory of the motion of the entire continent was replaced by a different theory. The new theory states that terrestrial motion is nothing more than an apparent phenomenon of intense movement within the earth's crust. In the process of this causal connection, the "polar drift forces" and "tidal forces" enumerated in Wegener's hypothesis become meaningless.

Historical analysis shows that this revolution in the earth sciences ended a half-century-long state of theoretical revolution simply because people reluctantly accepted a whole set of ideas or theories that had been dormant or had been abandoned earlier. This scientific revolution was accompanied by the creation of new means of studying the planet and new technologies for disseminating knowledge. Not only do many geoscientists think along unconventional paths, but there are also many physicists who have devoted themselves to the study of earth sciences and made great discoveries. Thus, the eventual revolution in the earth sciences was not merely a simple resurrection of the long-resisted theory of continental drift as a radical shift in traditional thinking, but also created new theories of plate tectonics to describe continental drift. In a sense, Wegener's original theory did not lead to a scientific revolution, but the eventual scientific revolution did embody the central idea of the movement of continents in Wegener's theory and the idea of dividing the surface into two types of regions (land and seabed).

Of course, the magical space of this Journey to the West world is not, a simple crust and magma can be explained. There is a black hand behind this, quietly promoting the changes in the existing Journey to the West space.

The causal rat continued: "This geography lesson, for the time being, is here, and next, we will continue with this history lesson. At that time, although I was trying my best to rush to this place, when I reached the edge of the original boundary of this endless plain, I had already found that I was too late, and if the connection between this cause and effect tree and me was absent, it was a sign that the cause and effect tree had appeared a life-threatening threat!

I resisted the resistance of the continent drifting outward, and ran desperately towards the place where the cause and effect tree grew in my memory, and it finally took me two months to reach the site of the cause and effect tree. ......”

"What about later?......" I asked, intrigued.

The causal rat, in a trembling voice, said, "This, this, there is only a huge lifeless stump left here. This tree, which used to be towering into the clouds, died like this. And this stump was later used by them to make the big boat that crossed the heavy river, (it turns out that the body of the cause and effect tree is so big!)......

(Now, the feeling of the causal rat is like this, after leaving home to run errands, when I came home, I suddenly found that this family was gone, and my family was all lost, this has not collapsed, this causal rat is still good.) ）

"So, what happened then? Your house is gone, what happened to you,......" I asked.

The causal rat paused and said, "This, although this causal tree has died, but my connection with him has not been broken, and I know that this must have the spirit of the causal tree, and it still exists." So I spent countless hours going up the heavenly river and going down to the abyss, and finally thousands of years ago, I collected the spiritual fragments of the ninety percent of the causal trees, and conceived them on the big boat in the heavy water and long river, so as to avoid their further disintegration.

After countless efforts, the spirit of this causal tree is now able to exist freely from this big ship, but if you want to be resurrected, it is still far from enough.

When I was looking for the spiritual fragments of this causal tree, I did not give up searching for the whereabouts of my people, not only our causal rats, but all the causal clans. Because, I didn't find their corpses on the original site of the cause and effect tree, and they disappeared out of thin air like this, and I still have a glimmer of hope that they will survive.

However, after so many years of searching, every year that passes, my hope for their survival diminishes, and now, I wonder if they have already perished along with this calamity tree in that catastrophe. However, it's okay like this, it's not like I'm a hard-working ,...... who endured years of loneliness."

I look at this causal rat, and it's a little negative. Hurriedly said: "Don't think like that, maybe the people of your causal clan have been hidden by this causal tree to avoid this great calamity!

The causal rat heard my speculation and said, "It is also possible, and it is easy to do this with the means of the causal tree......

"By the way, you're with me now, so how are you looking for your people!?" I said.

The causal mouse said, "Haha, boy, you're a dead brain......"

"I, what's wrong with me?" I wondered.

The causal rat said, "This, this causal tree says that its hope for rebirth is in you!"

I said, "So what?"

The causal rat said, "Oh! I'm going to be by your IQ!!......"

I said, "What does this have to do with me?......

The causal mouse said: "Forget it, forget it, I pointed it out and said, after so many years of searching for relatives, I found that the world is so big, and my luck to find them is tantamount to looking for a needle in the bottom of the sea, if they also move regularly, then with my strength alone, the chance of finding them is also smaller,......"

I continued, "So, you're going to borrow my powers?"

The causal mouse laughed: "Hahahaha, boy, are you going to laugh at me to death! With your strength, don't think too highly of yourself, there are still many places that you can't go to with your current ability, how can you help me." The main thing is to believe in this causal tree, which is to borrow your hand to regenerate the causal tree, as long as this causal tree is reborn, if the people of the causal clan are still alive, then they will be able to feel the breath of this causal tree, and they will take the initiative to find this causal tree. This, indirectly, becomes, they are looking for me, not me looking for them. Hahaha......"

I said, "It turns out that I am just a tool for you to find your relatives!"

The causal mouse said: "Boy, don't underestimate this tool, you can be regarded as a tool, at least you still have the value of use, so your top priority now is to find a way to resurrect this causal tree." I don't know if this is to find relatives, but it has other functions,......"

I quickly asked, "What does it do?"

The causal rat said, "......"

(This topic went around and around, and finally came to the point.) It's about what benefits I have and what rewards I have for tasks after I resurrect this tree of cause and effect.

Therefore, it is said: "The world is bustling, all for profit, and the world is bustling, all for profit." "The king of a thousand husbands, the prince of ten thousand families, and the king of a hundred rooms are still suffering from poverty, and the people of the family are still in trouble! Shrink your hand sharply, and tap your head, so as not to make your body and mind sorrowful; children and grandchildren have their own children and grandchildren, and do not worry about them far from their children and grandchildren.

It is true that even if there are thousands of emperors in military chariots, princes of 10,000 fiefdoms, and doctors in 100 feudal estates, they are still worried about poverty, let alone the ordinary people compiled in the household register! I am the ordinary people! I will not rush to do anything that has no interests.

In the past, Goujian, the king of Yue, was besieged on Huiji Mountain, so Fan Li and Ji Ran were appointed. Ji Ran said: "If you know that you want to fight, you must be prepared for war, and only when you know when goods are purchased by people can you understand the goods." If you are good at comparing time and use, then you can see the supply and demand of various goods clearly. Therefore when the year is golden there is a good harvest, when the year is water it is a bad harvest, when the year is wood it is famine, and when it is a fire it is a drought. When there is a drought, it is necessary to prepare boats for waterlogging, and when there is a flood, it is necessary to prepare vehicles for drought, and this is in line with the law of the development of things. Generally speaking, there is a bumper harvest every six years, a drought every six years, and a ****** every twelve years. The peasants will suffer losses if they sell grain at a price of 20 yuan per bucket, and the merchants will suffer losses if they sell grain at a price of 90 yuan per bucket. When the merchant suffers a loss, money cannot be circulated to society, and if the peasant suffers, the land will be barren. The price of grain per bucket shall not exceed 80 yuan, and the minimum shall not be less than 30 yuan, so that both the peasants and merchants can benefit. Grain is sold at parity and other prices are adjusted in a stable manner, and there is no shortage of checkpoint taxes and market supplies, which is the way to govern the country. As for the stockpile, it should be in good condition and reliable, with no money stranded. When buying and selling goods, do not hide items that are susceptible to decay and corrosion for a long time, and do not risk hoarding them for high prices. If you study the situation of surplus or shortage of goods, you will understand the reason for the rise and fall of prices. When the price of goods is extremely high, it will return to cheapness, and when the price of goods is extremely low, it will return to expensive. When the goods are extremely expensive, they should be sold in time and treated as dung, and when the goods are extremely cheap, they should be purchased in time and treated as jewelry. The circulation of goods and coins should be like flowing water. "Gou Jian ruled the country according to Ji Ran's strategy for ten years, and the Yue country became rich, and he was able to use a lot of money to buy soldiers, so that the soldiers charged into battle, regardless of arrows and stones, just like asking for drinking water when they were thirsty, and finally took revenge on the shame, destroyed the Wu State, and then showed off their might in the Central Plains, known as one of the "five hegemons".

Fan Li had already assisted King Yue to wash away the shame of being trapped, so he sighed: "Ji Ran has seven strategies, and Yue Guo only used five of them to realize his wish of shame. Since it is effective in governing the country, I will use it in the governance of the family. So, he took a small boat to wander the rivers and lakes, changed his name and surname, changed his name to Qi, changed his name to Yuanyi Zipi, and changed his name to Zhu Gong in Taoyi. Zhu Gong believed that Taoyi was located in the center of the world, and it was very convenient to exchange goods with various vassal states. So he governed the industry, hoarded and adapted, and pursued profits with the times, without blaming others. Therefore, those who are good at managing and getting rich must be able to choose and use sages and seize the opportunity. Over the course of nineteen years, he made a fortune three times, and twice spread it among poor friends and distant brothers with the same surname. This is the so-called gentleman who likes to do benevolent things when he is rich. Fan Li later relied on his children and grandchildren to inherit his career and develop, and finally had a huge fortune. Therefore, when later generations talked about the rich, they all praised Tao Zhugong.

Isn't it a victory to buy soldiers with a lot of money and make them charge into battle, regardless of arrows and stones, just like asking for drinking water when you are thirsty?

When Emperor Qianlong went down to the south of the Yangtze River, he saw the boats coming and going on the canal, which was very lively, and asked: What are so many boats busy with coming and going? Ji Xiaolan replied: There are nothing more than two boats, one for fame and the other for profit.

I, a layman in the world, am also very concerned about the benefits I can get, after all, I still have to eat!

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